喜马拉雅-青藏高原造山带地质演化——显生宙亚洲大陆生长
摘要
喜马拉雅 青藏高原造山带的地质历史显示出 ,自从约 70Ma印度板块 亚洲板块开始碰撞以来 ,至少有13 60km的SN向缩短量被喜马拉雅 青藏高原造山带所吸收。导致新生代青藏高原最终构造格局明显的地壳缩短作用 ,大约开始在始新世 ( 5 0～ 4 0Ma)。几乎同时发生在高原南部的特提斯喜马拉雅和高原北部的昆仑山及祁连山。喜马拉雅 青藏高原造山带的古生代和中生代构造历史强烈地控制着新生代变形历史和应变分布。松潘 甘孜 可可西里地体和羌塘地体三叠系复理石杂岩的广泛出现 ,在空间上可能和青藏高原中部的新生代逆冲作用和火山作用有关。青藏高原南部和中部的地壳和上地幔之间地震特性的显著差异是中生代和新生代 2种构造的表现形式。而前者对第三纪局部缩短的收缩变形起到了决定性的作用 ,并导致自由水释放进入青藏高原中部的上地幔和下地壳 ,并引起岩石圈地幔和地壳中物质的部分熔融。
引文
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