祁连山北缘佛洞庙-红崖子断裂古地震特征初步研究
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摘要
佛洞庙-红崖子断裂位于祁连山北缘断裂带中部,是祁连山与河西走廊之间的一条重要边界断裂,断裂全长约110km,总体走向北西西,该断裂为一条全新世活动的逆-左旋走滑断裂,断裂活动形成了一系列陡坎、断层崖以及冲沟和阶地左旋等断错地貌。本文通过3个探槽剖面对发生在该断裂上的古地震事件进行了分析,可确定地震事件2次,事件I为历史地震,发生在距今400年前,为1609年红崖堡7■级地震;事件II的年代为距今(6.3±0.6)ka B.P.和(7.4±0.4)ka B.P.之间。同时结合前人的一些研究资料,对古地震的复发模式和间隔进行了初步讨论。
Fodongmiao-hongyazi fault lies in the middle part of the north fault zone of Qilian mountain. It is an important boundary fault between Qilian mountain and Hexi-corridor. The main trending of the fault is NWW with length of 110 km. The fault is active in Holocene period with left-lateral reverse strike-slip movement. The activity of the fault formed a series of geomorphology like fault scarp, terrace and gully left-lateral. In this paper, we report two earthquake events that were identified from three trenching survey along the fault. Event I is a historic earthquake occurred in four hundred years ago, namely Hongyapu M 7■ in 1609. Event II occurred between(6.3±0.6)ka B.P. and(7.4±0.4)ka B.P.. Combined with the previous studies, we discussed the recurrence model and interval of the palaeo-earthquakes along the fault.
Fodongmiao-hongyazi fault lies in the middle part of the north fault zone of Qilian mountain. It is an important boundary fault between Qilian mountain and Hexi-corridor. The main trending of the fault is NWW with length of 110 km. The fault is active in Holocene period with left-lateral reverse strike-slip movement. The activity of the fault formed a series of geomorphology like fault scarp, terrace and gully left-lateral. In this paper, we report two earthquake events that were identified from three trenching survey along the fault. Event I is a historic earthquake occurred in four hundred years ago, namely Hongyapu M 7■ in 1609. Event II occurred between(6.3±0.6)ka B.P. and(7.4±0.4)ka B.P.. Combined with the previous studies, we discussed the recurrence model and interval of the palaeo-earthquakes along the fault.
引文
陈文彬,2003.河西走廊及其邻近地区最新构造变形基本特征及构造成因分析(博士学位论文).北京:中国地震局地质研究所.
方小敏,赵志军,李吉均等,2004.祁连山北缘老君庙背斜晚新生代磁性地层与高原北部隆升.中国科学(D),34(2):97—106.
国家地震局地质研究所,国家地震局兰州地震研究所,1993.祁连山-河西走廊活动断裂系.北京:地震出版社.
国家地震局兰州地震研究所,1985.陕甘宁青四省区强地震目录.西安:陕西科技出版社.
国家地震局灾害防御司,1995.中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—公元1911年).北京:地震出版社.
李传友,2005.青藏高原东北部几条主要断裂带的定量研究(博士学位论文).北京:中国地震局地质研究所.
刘兴旺,雷中生,袁道阳等,2011.1609年甘肃红崖堡7?级地震考证.西北地震学报,33(2):143—148.
毛凤英,张培震,1995.古地震研究的逐次限定法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究.见:国家地震局地质研究所编:活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社,153—164.
闵伟,张淑萍,2001.月亮山东麓断裂古地震活动的初步研究.西北地震学报,23(1):36—40.冉勇康,段瑞涛,邓起东等,1997.海原断裂高湾子地点三维探槽的开挖与古地震研究.地震地质,19(2):97 —107.
郑文俊,2009.河西走廊及其邻区活动构造图像及构造变形模式(博士学位论文).北京:中国地震局地质研究所.
Burbank D.B.,Anderson R.S.,2001.Tectonic geomorphology.Blackwell Science,Inc.,60—83.
Cartwright J.A.,Trudgill B.D.and Mansfield C.S.,1995.Fault growth by segment linkage:an explanation for scatter in maximum displacement and trace length data from the Canyonlands grabens of SE Utah.Journal of Structural Geology,17:1319—1326.
Dawers N.H.and Anders M.H.,1995.Displacement-length scaling and fault linkage.Journal of Structural Geology,17 :607—614.
Gaudemer Y.,Tapponier P.,Meyer B.et al.,1995.Partitioning of crustal slip between linked active faults in the eastern Qilian Shan,and evidence for a major seismic gap,the‘Tianzhu Gap’,on the western Haiyuan Fault,Gansu(China).Geophys J.Int.,120:599—645.
Liu Z.J.,Yann Klinger,Xiwei Xu et al.,2007.Millennial Recurrence of Large Earthquakes on the Haiyuan Fault near Songshan,Gansu Province,China.BSSA,97(1B):14—34.
Schlische R.W.,Young S.S.,Ackermann R.V.et al.,1996.Geometry and scaling relations of a population of very small rift-related normal faults.Geology,24:683—686.
Tapponnier P.,Meyer B.,Avounc J.P.et al.,1990.Active thrusting and folding in the Qilianshan,and decoupling between upper crust and mantle in the Northeastern Tibet.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,97:382—403.
Tapponnier P.,Xu Zhiqin,Roger F.et al.,2001.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau.Science,294 :1671—1677.
Zhang Peizhen,Sheng Zhengkang,Wang Min et al.,2004.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from Global Positioning system data..Geology,32:809—812.
Zheng Wenjun,Zhang Huiping,Peter Molnar et al.,2013.Late Quaternary slip rates of the thrust faults in western Hexi Corridor(Northern Qilian Shan,China)estimated with 10 Be dates.Geosphere,9(2):342—354.
方小敏,赵志军,李吉均等,2004.祁连山北缘老君庙背斜晚新生代磁性地层与高原北部隆升.中国科学(D),34(2):97—106.
国家地震局地质研究所,国家地震局兰州地震研究所,1993.祁连山-河西走廊活动断裂系.北京:地震出版社.
国家地震局兰州地震研究所,1985.陕甘宁青四省区强地震目录.西安:陕西科技出版社.
国家地震局灾害防御司,1995.中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—公元1911年).北京:地震出版社.
李传友,2005.青藏高原东北部几条主要断裂带的定量研究(博士学位论文).北京:中国地震局地质研究所.
刘兴旺,雷中生,袁道阳等,2011.1609年甘肃红崖堡7?级地震考证.西北地震学报,33(2):143—148.
毛凤英,张培震,1995.古地震研究的逐次限定法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究.见:国家地震局地质研究所编:活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社,153—164.
闵伟,张淑萍,2001.月亮山东麓断裂古地震活动的初步研究.西北地震学报,23(1):36—40.冉勇康,段瑞涛,邓起东等,1997.海原断裂高湾子地点三维探槽的开挖与古地震研究.地震地质,19(2):97 —107.
郑文俊,2009.河西走廊及其邻区活动构造图像及构造变形模式(博士学位论文).北京:中国地震局地质研究所.
Burbank D.B.,Anderson R.S.,2001.Tectonic geomorphology.Blackwell Science,Inc.,60—83.
Cartwright J.A.,Trudgill B.D.and Mansfield C.S.,1995.Fault growth by segment linkage:an explanation for scatter in maximum displacement and trace length data from the Canyonlands grabens of SE Utah.Journal of Structural Geology,17:1319—1326.
Dawers N.H.and Anders M.H.,1995.Displacement-length scaling and fault linkage.Journal of Structural Geology,17 :607—614.
Gaudemer Y.,Tapponier P.,Meyer B.et al.,1995.Partitioning of crustal slip between linked active faults in the eastern Qilian Shan,and evidence for a major seismic gap,the‘Tianzhu Gap’,on the western Haiyuan Fault,Gansu(China).Geophys J.Int.,120:599—645.
Liu Z.J.,Yann Klinger,Xiwei Xu et al.,2007.Millennial Recurrence of Large Earthquakes on the Haiyuan Fault near Songshan,Gansu Province,China.BSSA,97(1B):14—34.
Schlische R.W.,Young S.S.,Ackermann R.V.et al.,1996.Geometry and scaling relations of a population of very small rift-related normal faults.Geology,24:683—686.
Tapponnier P.,Meyer B.,Avounc J.P.et al.,1990.Active thrusting and folding in the Qilianshan,and decoupling between upper crust and mantle in the Northeastern Tibet.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,97:382—403.
Tapponnier P.,Xu Zhiqin,Roger F.et al.,2001.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau.Science,294 :1671—1677.
Zhang Peizhen,Sheng Zhengkang,Wang Min et al.,2004.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from Global Positioning system data..Geology,32:809—812.
Zheng Wenjun,Zhang Huiping,Peter Molnar et al.,2013.Late Quaternary slip rates of the thrust faults in western Hexi Corridor(Northern Qilian Shan,China)estimated with 10 Be dates.Geosphere,9(2):342—354.
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