金属矿地震勘探方法技术研究综述
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摘要
系统地总结了国内外金属矿地震勘探技术及其研究与应用现状,其中包括反射波法、折射波法、散射波法等,并就多项实验研究中采用的方法技术及取得的良好地质效果进行了概括总结,认为反射波地震方法在探测沉积层控矿床和控矿构造方面效果较好,而散射波地震方法不但可探测与矿体有关的地下局部不均匀体,而且,结合其它物探资料还可确定隐伏矿体的位置,是未来应用于金属矿地震勘探方法的发展方向。
This paper reviews the researches and applications of seismic techniques in mining exploration in details,including the reflected wave method,refraction method and scattering wave method etc.A seismic methodology for mineral exploration has been introduced and the acquired better geological results are summarized in the paper.It is indicated that the seismic reflection is applicable for delineating strata-bound sedimentary ore deposits and ore-controlling structures,while the seismic scattering waves could be used not only to detect inhomogeneous bodies related with ore bodies but also to locate the concealed orebody combined with other geophysical and geochemical information.It is the development orientation of seismic exploration methods used for metallic ore deposits in the future.
This paper reviews the researches and applications of seismic techniques in mining exploration in details,including the reflected wave method,refraction method and scattering wave method etc.A seismic methodology for mineral exploration has been introduced and the acquired better geological results are summarized in the paper.It is indicated that the seismic reflection is applicable for delineating strata-bound sedimentary ore deposits and ore-controlling structures,while the seismic scattering waves could be used not only to detect inhomogeneous bodies related with ore bodies but also to locate the concealed orebody combined with other geophysical and geochemical information.It is the development orientation of seismic exploration methods used for metallic ore deposits in the future.
引文
[1]Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H.Seismic methods fordeep mineral exploration:Mature technologies adapted to newtargets[J].The Leading Edge,2003,6(22):580-585.
[2]孙明,林君.金属矿地震散射波场的数值模拟研究[J].地质与勘探,2001,4(37):68-70.
[3]徐明才,高景华,柴铭涛,等.用于金属矿勘查的地震方法技术[J].物探化探计算技术,2007:29.
[4]Green A G,Mair J A.Subhorizontal fractures in a gran-ite pluton:Their derection and implication for radioactivewaste disposal[J],Geophysics,1983,11(48):1428-1449.
[5]Pretorius C C,Jamison A,Irons C,et al.Seismic explora-tion in the Witwatersrand Basin,Republic of South Afri-ca[J].Proeeeding of Exploration 87,1989:241-253.
[6]徐明才,高景华,荣立新,等.从金属矿地震方法的试验效果探讨其应用前景[J].中国地质,2004,1(34):108-112.
[7]徐明才,高景华,柴铭涛,等.寻找隐伏金属矿的地震方法技术研究[J].物探与化探,1997,6(21):468-474.
[8]刘光鼎,郝天姚.应用地球物理方法寻找隐伏矿床[J].地球物理学报,1995,6(38):850-854.
[9]Huhlin C,Palm H.Experiences from shallow reflectionseismics over granitic rocks in Sweden[A].In:Eaton DW,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock SeismicExploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophys-icists,2003:93-109.
[10]Drunond B J,Owen A J,Jackson J C,et al.Seismic re-flection imaging of the environment around the MountIsa orebodies,northern Australia:A case study[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.HardrockSeismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of ExplorationGeophysicists,2003:127-137.
[11]Greenhalgh S A,Mason L M,Sinadinovski C.In-mineseismic delineation of mineralization and rockstrueture[J].Geophysics,2000,6(65):1908-1919.
[12]Milkereit B,Eaton D,Wu J,et al.Seismic Imaging ofMassive Sulfide deposits:PartⅡ,Reflection seismicprofiling[J].Economic Geology,1996,5(91):829-834.
[13]Salisbury M H,Milkereit B,Aseough G.Physical prop-erties and seismic imaging of massive sulfides[J].Geo-Physics,2000,6(65):1882-1889.
[14]Milkereit B,Eaton D.Imaging and interpreting theshallow crystalline crust[J].Tectonophysics,1998,286:5-18.
[15]Milkereit B,Berrer E K,King A R,et al.Developmentof 3-D seismic exploration technology for deep nickelcopper deposits:A case history from the Sudbury ba-sin,Canada[J].Geophysies,2000,6(65):1890-1899.
[16]Evans B J,Urosevie M,Taube A.Using surface-seismicreflection to profile a massive sulfide deposit at MountMorgan,Australia[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003:157-163.
[17]Calvert A J,Perron G,Li Y.A comparison of 2D seis-mic lines shot over the Ansil and Bell Allard Mines inthe Abitibi Greenstone Belt[A].In:Eaton D W,Milke-reit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Explora-tion[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003:164-177.
[18]Calvert A J,Li Y.Seismic reflection imaging of a mas-sive sulfide deposit at the Matagami mining camp,Quebec[J].Geophysics,1999,1(64):24-32.
[19]Adam E,Perron G,Arnold G,et al.3-D seismic ima-ging for VMS deposit exploration,Matagami,Quebec[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society ofExploration GeoPhysicists,2003:181-193.
[20]Stevenson F R,Higgs M A,Durrheim R J.Seismic ima-ging of precious and base—metal deposits in southernAfrica[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury MH,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C」.Tulsa:Soci-ety o Exploration Geophysicists,2003:141-156.
[21]Pretorius C C,Muller M R,Larrogue M,et al.A reviewof 16 years of hardrock seismic on the KaaPvaal Craton[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society ofExploration Geophysicists,2003:247-268.
[22]Adam E,Milkereit B,Salmon 3-D seismic exploration inthe Vald or mining camp,Quebec[J].Expanded Ab-stracts of the68thAnnual Internat SEG Meetingg,1998:638-641.
[23]尹军杰.地震散射波场特征的数值模拟研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005.
[24]尹军杰,刘学伟,李文慧.地震波散射理论及其应用研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,1(20):123-134.
[25]尹军杰.地震散射波场特征的数值模拟研究:(学位论文)[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005.
[26]孙明,林君.金属矿地震散射波场的数值模拟研究[J].地质与勘探,2001,4(37):68-70.
[27]尹军杰,刘学伟,黄雪继,等.基于散射成像数值模拟的地震采集参数论证[J].石油物探,2005,1(44):58-64.
[28]勾丽敏.散射波成像处理技术研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2007.
[29]匀丽敏,刘学伟,雷鹏,等.金属矿地震勘探技术方法研究综述-金属矿地震勘探技术及其现状[J],勘探地球物理进展,2007,1(30):16-24.
[30]李灿苹,刘学伟,李敏锋,等.非均匀地质体散射特征初探[J].石油物探,2006,2(45):134-140.
[31]李灿苹,刘学伟,王祥春,等.地震波的散射理论和散射特征及应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,2(28):81-89.
[32]李灿苹.散射波特征与非均匀地质体对应关系研究:(学位论文)(北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[33]黄雪继.地震波散射场相位移法波动方程正演模拟:(学位论文)(北京:中国地质大学(北京),2003.
[34]李战业,尹军杰,王赟.地震散射波模拟成像在金属矿勘探中的应用[J],地质与勘探,2009,2(45):80-84.
[35]籍同冰,徐明才.俄罗斯金属矿地震勘[J].物化探译丛,1995(4):25.
[36]徐明才,高景华,荣立新,等.地面地震层析成像和高分辨率地震联合勘探技术[J],地质与勘探,2005,4(21):83-87.
[37]高景华.金属矿勘查中的地震理论模型研究[J].物探与化探,2002,5(26):350-356.
[38]刘之的,夏宏泉,汤小燕,等.成像测井资料在地应力计算中的应用(西南石油学院学报,2005,4(27):9-12).
[39]张守谦,顾纯学,曹广华编著.成像测井技术及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:210.
[40]Milkereit B,Eaton D,Berrer E.Towards 3-D seismicexploration technology for the crystalline crust[J].Ex-panded Abstracts of 66thAnnual International SEGMeeting,1996:638-641.
[41]Milkereit B,Eaton D,Wu J,et al.Seismic Imaging ofMassive Sulfide Deposits:PartⅡ,Reflection seismicprofiling[J].Eeonomic Geology,1996,91(s):829-834.
[42]朱光明.垂直地震剖面方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988:143.
[43]郅东彪.非零井源距VSP三分量记录的处理[J].石油物探,1990,4(29):27-32.
[44]严又生,倪新辉.井源距VSP资料在煤层气勘探中的应用研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2002,2(30):54-57.
[45]吕功训.利用VSP资料中P-SV转换波求取横波速度[J].地球物理技术汇编,1991(15):150-164.
[46]刘荣,李淑宁.VSP纵、横波联合解释及应用[J].石油物探,2000,4(39):95-99.
[47]徐仲达,郝晓红,徐翔之,等.用VSP数据中下行P-SV274-278.
[48]王广北,薛亚琴,王浩.西部新区VSP层位标定问题研究[J].石油物探,2005,(44)(増刊):46-49.
[49]张卫红,徐亦鸣,刘丽.VSP转换波成像技术及实例分析[J].石油物探,2003,1(42):42-48.
[50]Eaton D W,Guest S,Milkereit B,et al.Seismic ima-ging of massive sulfide deposits:PartⅢ,Borehole seis-mic imaging of near-vertical struetures[J].EconomicGeology,1996,91:835-840.
[51]Adam E,Bohlen T,Milkereit B,Vertical seismic Profi-ling at the Bell Allard orebody,Matagami,Qurbec[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society ofExploration Geophysicists,2003:181-193.
[52]Perron G,Eaton D W,Elliot B,et al.Application ofdownhole seismic imaging to map near-vertical strue-tures:Normetal(Abitibi Greenstone Belt),Quebec[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society ofExploration Geophysicists,2003:194-206.
[53]Cosma C,Heikkinen P,Keskinen J.Multiazimuth VSPfor rock characterization of deep nuclear waste disposalsites in Finland[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salis-bury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tul-sa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003:207-225.
[54]吴如山.安艺敬一地震波的散射与衰减[M」.李裕澈,卢寿德译.北京:地震出版社,1993:1-50.
[2]孙明,林君.金属矿地震散射波场的数值模拟研究[J].地质与勘探,2001,4(37):68-70.
[3]徐明才,高景华,柴铭涛,等.用于金属矿勘查的地震方法技术[J].物探化探计算技术,2007:29.
[4]Green A G,Mair J A.Subhorizontal fractures in a gran-ite pluton:Their derection and implication for radioactivewaste disposal[J],Geophysics,1983,11(48):1428-1449.
[5]Pretorius C C,Jamison A,Irons C,et al.Seismic explora-tion in the Witwatersrand Basin,Republic of South Afri-ca[J].Proeeeding of Exploration 87,1989:241-253.
[6]徐明才,高景华,荣立新,等.从金属矿地震方法的试验效果探讨其应用前景[J].中国地质,2004,1(34):108-112.
[7]徐明才,高景华,柴铭涛,等.寻找隐伏金属矿的地震方法技术研究[J].物探与化探,1997,6(21):468-474.
[8]刘光鼎,郝天姚.应用地球物理方法寻找隐伏矿床[J].地球物理学报,1995,6(38):850-854.
[9]Huhlin C,Palm H.Experiences from shallow reflectionseismics over granitic rocks in Sweden[A].In:Eaton DW,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock SeismicExploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophys-icists,2003:93-109.
[10]Drunond B J,Owen A J,Jackson J C,et al.Seismic re-flection imaging of the environment around the MountIsa orebodies,northern Australia:A case study[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.HardrockSeismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of ExplorationGeophysicists,2003:127-137.
[11]Greenhalgh S A,Mason L M,Sinadinovski C.In-mineseismic delineation of mineralization and rockstrueture[J].Geophysics,2000,6(65):1908-1919.
[12]Milkereit B,Eaton D,Wu J,et al.Seismic Imaging ofMassive Sulfide deposits:PartⅡ,Reflection seismicprofiling[J].Economic Geology,1996,5(91):829-834.
[13]Salisbury M H,Milkereit B,Aseough G.Physical prop-erties and seismic imaging of massive sulfides[J].Geo-Physics,2000,6(65):1882-1889.
[14]Milkereit B,Eaton D.Imaging and interpreting theshallow crystalline crust[J].Tectonophysics,1998,286:5-18.
[15]Milkereit B,Berrer E K,King A R,et al.Developmentof 3-D seismic exploration technology for deep nickelcopper deposits:A case history from the Sudbury ba-sin,Canada[J].Geophysies,2000,6(65):1890-1899.
[16]Evans B J,Urosevie M,Taube A.Using surface-seismicreflection to profile a massive sulfide deposit at MountMorgan,Australia[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003:157-163.
[17]Calvert A J,Perron G,Li Y.A comparison of 2D seis-mic lines shot over the Ansil and Bell Allard Mines inthe Abitibi Greenstone Belt[A].In:Eaton D W,Milke-reit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Explora-tion[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003:164-177.
[18]Calvert A J,Li Y.Seismic reflection imaging of a mas-sive sulfide deposit at the Matagami mining camp,Quebec[J].Geophysics,1999,1(64):24-32.
[19]Adam E,Perron G,Arnold G,et al.3-D seismic ima-ging for VMS deposit exploration,Matagami,Quebec[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society ofExploration GeoPhysicists,2003:181-193.
[20]Stevenson F R,Higgs M A,Durrheim R J.Seismic ima-ging of precious and base—metal deposits in southernAfrica[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury MH,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C」.Tulsa:Soci-ety o Exploration Geophysicists,2003:141-156.
[21]Pretorius C C,Muller M R,Larrogue M,et al.A reviewof 16 years of hardrock seismic on the KaaPvaal Craton[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society ofExploration Geophysicists,2003:247-268.
[22]Adam E,Milkereit B,Salmon 3-D seismic exploration inthe Vald or mining camp,Quebec[J].Expanded Ab-stracts of the68thAnnual Internat SEG Meetingg,1998:638-641.
[23]尹军杰.地震散射波场特征的数值模拟研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005.
[24]尹军杰,刘学伟,李文慧.地震波散射理论及其应用研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,1(20):123-134.
[25]尹军杰.地震散射波场特征的数值模拟研究:(学位论文)[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005.
[26]孙明,林君.金属矿地震散射波场的数值模拟研究[J].地质与勘探,2001,4(37):68-70.
[27]尹军杰,刘学伟,黄雪继,等.基于散射成像数值模拟的地震采集参数论证[J].石油物探,2005,1(44):58-64.
[28]勾丽敏.散射波成像处理技术研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2007.
[29]匀丽敏,刘学伟,雷鹏,等.金属矿地震勘探技术方法研究综述-金属矿地震勘探技术及其现状[J],勘探地球物理进展,2007,1(30):16-24.
[30]李灿苹,刘学伟,李敏锋,等.非均匀地质体散射特征初探[J].石油物探,2006,2(45):134-140.
[31]李灿苹,刘学伟,王祥春,等.地震波的散射理论和散射特征及应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,2(28):81-89.
[32]李灿苹.散射波特征与非均匀地质体对应关系研究:(学位论文)(北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[33]黄雪继.地震波散射场相位移法波动方程正演模拟:(学位论文)(北京:中国地质大学(北京),2003.
[34]李战业,尹军杰,王赟.地震散射波模拟成像在金属矿勘探中的应用[J],地质与勘探,2009,2(45):80-84.
[35]籍同冰,徐明才.俄罗斯金属矿地震勘[J].物化探译丛,1995(4):25.
[36]徐明才,高景华,荣立新,等.地面地震层析成像和高分辨率地震联合勘探技术[J],地质与勘探,2005,4(21):83-87.
[37]高景华.金属矿勘查中的地震理论模型研究[J].物探与化探,2002,5(26):350-356.
[38]刘之的,夏宏泉,汤小燕,等.成像测井资料在地应力计算中的应用(西南石油学院学报,2005,4(27):9-12).
[39]张守谦,顾纯学,曹广华编著.成像测井技术及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:210.
[40]Milkereit B,Eaton D,Berrer E.Towards 3-D seismicexploration technology for the crystalline crust[J].Ex-panded Abstracts of 66thAnnual International SEGMeeting,1996:638-641.
[41]Milkereit B,Eaton D,Wu J,et al.Seismic Imaging ofMassive Sulfide Deposits:PartⅡ,Reflection seismicprofiling[J].Eeonomic Geology,1996,91(s):829-834.
[42]朱光明.垂直地震剖面方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988:143.
[43]郅东彪.非零井源距VSP三分量记录的处理[J].石油物探,1990,4(29):27-32.
[44]严又生,倪新辉.井源距VSP资料在煤层气勘探中的应用研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2002,2(30):54-57.
[45]吕功训.利用VSP资料中P-SV转换波求取横波速度[J].地球物理技术汇编,1991(15):150-164.
[46]刘荣,李淑宁.VSP纵、横波联合解释及应用[J].石油物探,2000,4(39):95-99.
[47]徐仲达,郝晓红,徐翔之,等.用VSP数据中下行P-SV274-278.
[48]王广北,薛亚琴,王浩.西部新区VSP层位标定问题研究[J].石油物探,2005,(44)(増刊):46-49.
[49]张卫红,徐亦鸣,刘丽.VSP转换波成像技术及实例分析[J].石油物探,2003,1(42):42-48.
[50]Eaton D W,Guest S,Milkereit B,et al.Seismic ima-ging of massive sulfide deposits:PartⅢ,Borehole seis-mic imaging of near-vertical struetures[J].EconomicGeology,1996,91:835-840.
[51]Adam E,Bohlen T,Milkereit B,Vertical seismic Profi-ling at the Bell Allard orebody,Matagami,Qurbec[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society ofExploration Geophysicists,2003:181-193.
[52]Perron G,Eaton D W,Elliot B,et al.Application ofdownhole seismic imaging to map near-vertical strue-tures:Normetal(Abitibi Greenstone Belt),Quebec[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society ofExploration Geophysicists,2003:194-206.
[53]Cosma C,Heikkinen P,Keskinen J.Multiazimuth VSPfor rock characterization of deep nuclear waste disposalsites in Finland[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salis-bury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tul-sa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003:207-225.
[54]吴如山.安艺敬一地震波的散射与衰减[M」.李裕澈,卢寿德译.北京:地震出版社,1993:1-50.
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