中国地震事件沉积研究的若干问题探讨
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摘要
地震事件沉积已经成为当今沉积地质学的一个热点领域。文中通过回顾国内震积岩的研究历史,总结了中国震积岩研究的成果及其存在的问题,重点讨论了地震引起的软沉积物变形、地震事件沉积的时序、地震事件沉积的空间分布和地震事件沉积序列等。按照地震对沉积物改造的时间,将软沉积物变形划分为同生、准同生、后生变形3类,并对地震同生断裂、准同生期液化沙体沿地震裂缝侵入的液化岩脉和后期断裂充填岩脉,地震形成的微褶皱、液化卷曲变形层理和后期褶皱,地震震动变形和液化变形构造,枕状构造和枕状层之间的区别分别进行了讨论。
Earthquake event deposit has become a "hot spot"in modern sedimentary geology.By reviewing the history of domestic seismites study,the main achievements and problems about the seismites studies in China have been summed up in this paper,which focused on the earthquake-caused soft-sediment deformation,timing,distribution and sequences of earthquake event deposits etc.Earthquakecaused soft-sediment deformation is divided into syndepositional,penecontemporaneous and epigenetic deformation.The differences were also discussed respectively among earthquake-caused syndepositional veins,liquefied veins and epigenetic veins,micro-fold,liquefied convolute deformation and epigenetic folds,seismic shocks deformation and liquefied deformation,pillow structures and pillow beds.
Earthquake event deposit has become a "hot spot"in modern sedimentary geology.By reviewing the history of domestic seismites study,the main achievements and problems about the seismites studies in China have been summed up in this paper,which focused on the earthquake-caused soft-sediment deformation,timing,distribution and sequences of earthquake event deposits etc.Earthquakecaused soft-sediment deformation is divided into syndepositional,penecontemporaneous and epigenetic deformation.The differences were also discussed respectively among earthquake-caused syndepositional veins,liquefied veins and epigenetic veins,micro-fold,liquefied convolute deformation and epigenetic folds,seismic shocks deformation and liquefied deformation,pillow structures and pillow beds.
引文
杜远生,韩欣.2000.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,15(4):389-394.
杜远生,彭冰霞,韩欣.2005.广西北海涠洲岛晚更新世火山活动引起的地震同沉积变形构造[J].沉积学报,23(2):203-209.
杜远生,Shi G,龚一鸣.2007.东澳大利亚南悉尼盆地二叠系与地震沉积有关的软沉积变形构造[J].地质学报,81(4):511-518.
梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏.1994.再论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例[J].地球科学,19(6):845-850.
梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,等.1991.试论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例[J].现代地质,5(2):138-146.
乔秀夫,高林志.1999.华北中新元古代及早古生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系[J].科学通报,44(16):1753-1758.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2009.沉积物的地震及古地震效应[J].古地理学报,11(6):593-610.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳.2002.古郯庐带新元古界灾变、层序、生物[M].北京:地质出版社,1-128.
乔秀夫,李海兵,高林志.1997.华北地台震旦纪—早古生代地震节律[J].地学前缘,4(3-4):155-160.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,68(1):16-32.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.2007.地层中地震记录(古地震)[M].北京:地质出版社,1-263.
宋天锐.1988.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列[J].科学通报,38(8):609-611.
孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.1995.大陆边缘震积岩序列——以金沙江中段震积岩为例[J].现代地质,9(3):271-278.
田洪水,张增奇.2006.山东安丘地区郯庐断裂带古近纪冲积物震积岩序列[J].地质科学,41(2):208-216.
田洪水,李洪奎,王金光,等.2007.沂沭断裂带及其近区的地震成因岩石新认识[J].地球学报,28(5):496-505.
吴贤涛,尹国勋.1992.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,10(1):19-26.
鄢继华,陈世悦,姜在兴,等.2007.断陷湖盆震浊积岩成因模拟实验[J].古地理学报,9(3):277-282.
鄢继华,崔永北,陈世悦.2009.几种常见震积岩相标志在模拟实验中的识别[J].沉积学报,27(6):1131-1137.
周琦,杜远生,覃英,等.2007.贵州省松桃县大塘坡南华纪早期古天然气渗漏构造的发现及其地质意义[J].地球科学,32(增刊):1-8.
Cita M B,Lucchi R(eds).1984.Seismicity and sedimentology[J].Ma-rine Geology,55(1-2):1-161.
Du Y S,Shi G,Gong Y M.2005.Earthquake-controlled event depositsand its tectonic significance from the Middle Permian Wandrawandi-an Siltstone in the Sydney Basin,Australia[J].China Science(Se-ries D),48(9):1337-1346.
Ettensohn F R,Rast N,Brett C E(eds).2002.Ancient seismites[J].Geological Society of America Special Paper,359:1.
Heezen B C,Dyke C L.1964.Grand bank slump[J].Bull.Am.Ass.Pet-rol.Geol.,48(2):221-225.
Heezen B C,Ewing M.1952.Turbidity currents and submarine slumpsand1929Grand bank earthquake[J].Am.J.Sci.,250(12):849-873.
Seilacher A.1969.Fault-graded bed interpreted as seismites[J].Sedim-entoloy,13(1-2):155-159.
Owen G,Moretti M,Alfaro P(eds).2011.Recognising triggers for soft-sediment deformation:Current understanding and future directions[J].Sedimentary Geology,235(3-4):133-342.
Shiki T,Cita M B,Gorsline D S(eds).2000.Seismoturbidities,seismitesand tsunamites[J].Sedimentary Geology,135(1-4):1-326.
Storti F,Vannucchi P(eds).2007.Deformation of soft sediments in na-ture and laboratory[J].Sedimentary Geology,196(1-4):1-277.
杜远生,彭冰霞,韩欣.2005.广西北海涠洲岛晚更新世火山活动引起的地震同沉积变形构造[J].沉积学报,23(2):203-209.
杜远生,Shi G,龚一鸣.2007.东澳大利亚南悉尼盆地二叠系与地震沉积有关的软沉积变形构造[J].地质学报,81(4):511-518.
梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏.1994.再论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例[J].地球科学,19(6):845-850.
梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,等.1991.试论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例[J].现代地质,5(2):138-146.
乔秀夫,高林志.1999.华北中新元古代及早古生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系[J].科学通报,44(16):1753-1758.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2009.沉积物的地震及古地震效应[J].古地理学报,11(6):593-610.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳.2002.古郯庐带新元古界灾变、层序、生物[M].北京:地质出版社,1-128.
乔秀夫,李海兵,高林志.1997.华北地台震旦纪—早古生代地震节律[J].地学前缘,4(3-4):155-160.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,68(1):16-32.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.2007.地层中地震记录(古地震)[M].北京:地质出版社,1-263.
宋天锐.1988.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列[J].科学通报,38(8):609-611.
孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.1995.大陆边缘震积岩序列——以金沙江中段震积岩为例[J].现代地质,9(3):271-278.
田洪水,张增奇.2006.山东安丘地区郯庐断裂带古近纪冲积物震积岩序列[J].地质科学,41(2):208-216.
田洪水,李洪奎,王金光,等.2007.沂沭断裂带及其近区的地震成因岩石新认识[J].地球学报,28(5):496-505.
吴贤涛,尹国勋.1992.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,10(1):19-26.
鄢继华,陈世悦,姜在兴,等.2007.断陷湖盆震浊积岩成因模拟实验[J].古地理学报,9(3):277-282.
鄢继华,崔永北,陈世悦.2009.几种常见震积岩相标志在模拟实验中的识别[J].沉积学报,27(6):1131-1137.
周琦,杜远生,覃英,等.2007.贵州省松桃县大塘坡南华纪早期古天然气渗漏构造的发现及其地质意义[J].地球科学,32(增刊):1-8.
Cita M B,Lucchi R(eds).1984.Seismicity and sedimentology[J].Ma-rine Geology,55(1-2):1-161.
Du Y S,Shi G,Gong Y M.2005.Earthquake-controlled event depositsand its tectonic significance from the Middle Permian Wandrawandi-an Siltstone in the Sydney Basin,Australia[J].China Science(Se-ries D),48(9):1337-1346.
Ettensohn F R,Rast N,Brett C E(eds).2002.Ancient seismites[J].Geological Society of America Special Paper,359:1.
Heezen B C,Dyke C L.1964.Grand bank slump[J].Bull.Am.Ass.Pet-rol.Geol.,48(2):221-225.
Heezen B C,Ewing M.1952.Turbidity currents and submarine slumpsand1929Grand bank earthquake[J].Am.J.Sci.,250(12):849-873.
Seilacher A.1969.Fault-graded bed interpreted as seismites[J].Sedim-entoloy,13(1-2):155-159.
Owen G,Moretti M,Alfaro P(eds).2011.Recognising triggers for soft-sediment deformation:Current understanding and future directions[J].Sedimentary Geology,235(3-4):133-342.
Shiki T,Cita M B,Gorsline D S(eds).2000.Seismoturbidities,seismitesand tsunamites[J].Sedimentary Geology,135(1-4):1-326.
Storti F,Vannucchi P(eds).2007.Deformation of soft sediments in na-ture and laboratory[J].Sedimentary Geology,196(1-4):1-277.
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