龙门山山前彭州隐伏断裂高分辨率地震反射剖面
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摘要
彭州断裂是龙门山山前一条重要的隐伏断裂.为了调查彭州断裂的位置、性质及其活动性,5·12汶川M_S8.0。地震发生后,作者采用可控震源和高精度的地震反射勘探方法,对彭州隐伏断裂进行了高分辨率地震反射成像.本文利用获得的浅层地震剖面资料并结合石油地震反射剖面,给出了彭州断裂的空间展布特征以及断裂两侧的新生代地层厚度.结果表明,彭州断裂为一条走向NE、倾向NW、倾角约为58°-62°的逆断层,该断层向上错断了第四纪沉积层,具有明显的第四纪活动,向下大约在深度8-10 km左右收敛到向西缓倾的滑脱面之上.研究结果为评价断裂的活动性和灾后重建提供了地震学证据.
Pengzhou fault is an important buried fault in the frontal areas of Longmen Shan. In order to investigate the location, characteristics and activities of Pengzhou fault, after the Wenchuan earthquake (M_S 8. 0) of May 12,2008, a high-resolution shallow seismic reflection experiment using vibrator sources was carried out to obtain the imaging of Pengzhou buried fault. In this paper,based on the shallow seismic reflection data and in combination with the Petroleum seismic reflection section in same region, the geometry of Pengzhou buried fault and the thicknesses of Cenozoic strata in both sides of the fault was determined. The results show that Pengzhou fault is an active thrust fault running in NE and dipping in NW, and its dip angle is about 58°-62°. This fault extends upwards into Quaternary sediments, and it merges downwards into the west-dipping detachment at depth about 8-10 km. The results also provide seismological evidence for estimating the fault activities and rebuilding the homeland after the disaster.
Pengzhou fault is an important buried fault in the frontal areas of Longmen Shan. In order to investigate the location, characteristics and activities of Pengzhou fault, after the Wenchuan earthquake (M_S 8. 0) of May 12,2008, a high-resolution shallow seismic reflection experiment using vibrator sources was carried out to obtain the imaging of Pengzhou buried fault. In this paper,based on the shallow seismic reflection data and in combination with the Petroleum seismic reflection section in same region, the geometry of Pengzhou buried fault and the thicknesses of Cenozoic strata in both sides of the fault was determined. The results show that Pengzhou fault is an active thrust fault running in NE and dipping in NW, and its dip angle is about 58°-62°. This fault extends upwards into Quaternary sediments, and it merges downwards into the west-dipping detachment at depth about 8-10 km. The results also provide seismological evidence for estimating the fault activities and rebuilding the homeland after the disaster.
引文
1) 中国地震局汶川8． 0级地震科学考察队,龙门山山前隐伏断裂探测与四川盆地地震构造图编制工作报告,2008
[1] 唐荣昌,韩渭宾主编.四川活动断裂与地震.北京:地震出版社,1993． 123-132 Tang R C, Han W B eds. Active Faults and Earthquakes in Sichuan Province (in Chinese). Beijing:Seismological Press, 1993． 123-132
[2] 贾东,陈竹新,贾承造等.龙门山山前褶皱冲断带的构造解析与川西前陆盆地的发育.高校地质学报,2003,9(3) :402-409 Jia D, Chen Z X, Jia C Z, et al. Structural features of the Longmen Shan and thrust belt and development of the western Sichuan foreland hasin. Geological Journal of China Universities (in Chinese),2003,9(3) :402-409
[3] 张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽等.2008年汶川8． 0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因.地球物理学报,2008,51(4) :1066-1073 Zhang P Z, Xu X W, Wen X Z, et al. Slip rates and recurrence interval of the Longmen Shan active fault zone, and tectonic implication for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake, 2008, Sichuan, China. Chinese J. Geophys (in Chinese), 2008, 51(4) :1066-1073
[4] 徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等.汶川8． 0级地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,2008,30(3) :597-629 Xu X W, Wen X Z, Ye J Q, et al. The M.S. 0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure. Seismology and Geology(in Chinese), 2008,30(3) :597-629
[5] 刘保金,杨晓平.酆少英等.龙门山山前疑似汶川M_s8． 0地震地表破裂的浅层地震反射调查.地震地质,2008,30(4) :906-916 Liu B J, Yang X P, Feng S Y, et al. Exploration of shallow seismic reflection on the suspected surface rupture of the M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake at frontal areas of Longmen Shan. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2008,30(4) :906-916
[6] 邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟等.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学.地震地质,1994,16(4) :389-402 Deng Q D, Chen S F, Zhao X L, et al. Tectonics,seismicity and dynamics of Longmen Shan and its adjacent regions. Seismology and Geolngy(in Chinese),1994,16(4) :389-402
[7] 徐锡伟,张培震,闻学泽等.川西及其邻近地区活动构造基本特征与强震复发模型,地震地质,2005,27(3) :446-460 Xu X W, Zhang P Z, Wen X Z, et al. Features of active tectonics and recurrence behaviors of strong earthquake in the western Sichuan province and its adjacent regions. Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2005,27(3) :446-460
[8] 钱洪,唐荣昌.成都平原的形成和演化.四川地震,1997,3:1-7 Qian H, Tang R C. On the formation and evolution of the Chengdu plain. Sichuan Earthquake (in Chinese),1997,3:1-7
[9] 黄圣睦,何天华,范明祥等.从石油地震资料分析成都平原地震地质背景,地震地质,2003,25(4) :581-594 Huang S M, He T H, Fan M X, et al. Seismogeologic background of the Chengdu plain as revealed by petroleum seismic prospecting data. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2003,25(4) :581-594
[10] 李永昭,郭兵.成都平原的晚新生代构造.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4) :371-376 Li Y Z, Guo B. Cenozonic tectonics of Chengdu plain, Sichuan, China. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition)(in Chinese), 2008 ,35(4) : 371-376
[11] 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑挤压作用的沉积响应.沉积学报,2006,24(2) :153-163 Li Y, Zhou R J, Densmore A L,et al. Sedimentary responses to Late Cenozoic thrusting and strike-slipping of Longmen Shan along eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau. Acta Sedimentolagica Sinica(in Chinese), 2006, 24(2) :153-163
[12] 陈国光,计凤桔,周荣军等.龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动性分段的初步研究.地震地质,2007,29(3) :657-673 Chen G G, Ji F J, Zhou R J, et al. Primary research of activity segmentation of Longmenshan fault zone since Late-Quaternary. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2007,29 (3) :657-673
[13] Steeples D W, Miller R D. Avoiding pitfalls in shallow seismic reflection surveys. Geophysics, 1998, 63(4) :1213-1224
[14] Chang X, Liu Y K, Wang H, et al. 3-D tomographic static correction. Geophysics, 2002,67(4) :1275-1285
[15] Brouwer J H. Improved NMO correction with a specific application to shallow seismic data. Geophysical Prospecting, 2002,50(2) :225-237
[16] 何鲤,刘莉萍,罗潇等.川西龙门山推覆构造特征及有利油气勘探区块预测.石油实验地质,2007,29(3) :247-252 He L, Liu L P, Luo X,et al. Nappe structure characteristics and exploration potential forecast in Longmen Shan, the west of Sichuan province. Petroleum Geology & Experiment (in Chinese), 2007 ,29(3) :247-252
[17] Burchfiel B C, Royden L H, VanDer Hilst R D, et al. Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and the adjacent regions, central China. Int. Geol. Rev, 1995,37(8) :661-735
[18] 许志琴,李化启,侯立玮等.青藏高原东缘龙门山-锦屏造山带的崛起--大型拆离断层和挤出机制.地质通报,2007,26(10) :1262-1276 Xu Z Q, Li H Q, Hou L W, et al. Uplifting of Longmen Shan and Jinping Shan, eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Large scale detachment faults and their extrusion mechanism. Geological Hull. of China(in Chinese), 2007,26 (10) :1262-1276
[19] 周荣军,李勇,Alexander L等.青藏高原东缘活动构造,矿物岩石,2006,26(2) :40-51 Zhou R I, Li Y,Alexander L,et al. Active tectonics of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. J. Mineral Petrol (in Chinese),2006,26(2) :40-51
[1] 唐荣昌,韩渭宾主编.四川活动断裂与地震.北京:地震出版社,1993． 123-132 Tang R C, Han W B eds. Active Faults and Earthquakes in Sichuan Province (in Chinese). Beijing:Seismological Press, 1993． 123-132
[2] 贾东,陈竹新,贾承造等.龙门山山前褶皱冲断带的构造解析与川西前陆盆地的发育.高校地质学报,2003,9(3) :402-409 Jia D, Chen Z X, Jia C Z, et al. Structural features of the Longmen Shan and thrust belt and development of the western Sichuan foreland hasin. Geological Journal of China Universities (in Chinese),2003,9(3) :402-409
[3] 张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽等.2008年汶川8． 0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因.地球物理学报,2008,51(4) :1066-1073 Zhang P Z, Xu X W, Wen X Z, et al. Slip rates and recurrence interval of the Longmen Shan active fault zone, and tectonic implication for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake, 2008, Sichuan, China. Chinese J. Geophys (in Chinese), 2008, 51(4) :1066-1073
[4] 徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等.汶川8． 0级地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,2008,30(3) :597-629 Xu X W, Wen X Z, Ye J Q, et al. The M.S. 0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure. Seismology and Geology(in Chinese), 2008,30(3) :597-629
[5] 刘保金,杨晓平.酆少英等.龙门山山前疑似汶川M_s8． 0地震地表破裂的浅层地震反射调查.地震地质,2008,30(4) :906-916 Liu B J, Yang X P, Feng S Y, et al. Exploration of shallow seismic reflection on the suspected surface rupture of the M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake at frontal areas of Longmen Shan. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2008,30(4) :906-916
[6] 邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟等.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学.地震地质,1994,16(4) :389-402 Deng Q D, Chen S F, Zhao X L, et al. Tectonics,seismicity and dynamics of Longmen Shan and its adjacent regions. Seismology and Geolngy(in Chinese),1994,16(4) :389-402
[7] 徐锡伟,张培震,闻学泽等.川西及其邻近地区活动构造基本特征与强震复发模型,地震地质,2005,27(3) :446-460 Xu X W, Zhang P Z, Wen X Z, et al. Features of active tectonics and recurrence behaviors of strong earthquake in the western Sichuan province and its adjacent regions. Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2005,27(3) :446-460
[8] 钱洪,唐荣昌.成都平原的形成和演化.四川地震,1997,3:1-7 Qian H, Tang R C. On the formation and evolution of the Chengdu plain. Sichuan Earthquake (in Chinese),1997,3:1-7
[9] 黄圣睦,何天华,范明祥等.从石油地震资料分析成都平原地震地质背景,地震地质,2003,25(4) :581-594 Huang S M, He T H, Fan M X, et al. Seismogeologic background of the Chengdu plain as revealed by petroleum seismic prospecting data. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2003,25(4) :581-594
[10] 李永昭,郭兵.成都平原的晚新生代构造.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4) :371-376 Li Y Z, Guo B. Cenozonic tectonics of Chengdu plain, Sichuan, China. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition)(in Chinese), 2008 ,35(4) : 371-376
[11] 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑挤压作用的沉积响应.沉积学报,2006,24(2) :153-163 Li Y, Zhou R J, Densmore A L,et al. Sedimentary responses to Late Cenozoic thrusting and strike-slipping of Longmen Shan along eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau. Acta Sedimentolagica Sinica(in Chinese), 2006, 24(2) :153-163
[12] 陈国光,计凤桔,周荣军等.龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动性分段的初步研究.地震地质,2007,29(3) :657-673 Chen G G, Ji F J, Zhou R J, et al. Primary research of activity segmentation of Longmenshan fault zone since Late-Quaternary. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2007,29 (3) :657-673
[13] Steeples D W, Miller R D. Avoiding pitfalls in shallow seismic reflection surveys. Geophysics, 1998, 63(4) :1213-1224
[14] Chang X, Liu Y K, Wang H, et al. 3-D tomographic static correction. Geophysics, 2002,67(4) :1275-1285
[15] Brouwer J H. Improved NMO correction with a specific application to shallow seismic data. Geophysical Prospecting, 2002,50(2) :225-237
[16] 何鲤,刘莉萍,罗潇等.川西龙门山推覆构造特征及有利油气勘探区块预测.石油实验地质,2007,29(3) :247-252 He L, Liu L P, Luo X,et al. Nappe structure characteristics and exploration potential forecast in Longmen Shan, the west of Sichuan province. Petroleum Geology & Experiment (in Chinese), 2007 ,29(3) :247-252
[17] Burchfiel B C, Royden L H, VanDer Hilst R D, et al. Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and the adjacent regions, central China. Int. Geol. Rev, 1995,37(8) :661-735
[18] 许志琴,李化启,侯立玮等.青藏高原东缘龙门山-锦屏造山带的崛起--大型拆离断层和挤出机制.地质通报,2007,26(10) :1262-1276 Xu Z Q, Li H Q, Hou L W, et al. Uplifting of Longmen Shan and Jinping Shan, eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Large scale detachment faults and their extrusion mechanism. Geological Hull. of China(in Chinese), 2007,26 (10) :1262-1276
[19] 周荣军,李勇,Alexander L等.青藏高原东缘活动构造,矿物岩石,2006,26(2) :40-51 Zhou R I, Li Y,Alexander L,et al. Active tectonics of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. J. Mineral Petrol (in Chinese),2006,26(2) :40-51
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