东亚大陆伸展和裂谷作用与动力学
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摘要
大陆岩石圈的伸展作用是块体分裂，大陆解体和漂移过程中必需的第一步，而伸展作用的模式则取决于驱动力系和大陆岩石圈的反响，所以不同类型裂谷的形成与地球深部地壳与地幔结构，深层过程及其力学机制密切相关．这是回答控制大陆生长与为什么会开裂的关键所在．本文在研究了系列裂谷构造的基点上，阐述了大陆裂谷的特点，地壳与地幔构造背景和地球物理场特征．论述了裂谷形成和其分类，讨论了我国攀西裂谷和莱茵地堑的深层过程．由于裂谷构造与资源，地震灾害关切，又是大陆上最为活跃的部位，故在大陆动力学研究中占有重要地位．最后针对东亚大陆动力学研究主题，对将使用的研究方法与手段和主要的研究内含进行了讨论．大陆伸展与裂谷作用的研究对地球科学以及跨学科的近代成就和高、新技术的依赖性颇强，然而野外观测与实验室内测试及模拟是不可缺少的、因为信息与信息量的缺乏是任何数学技巧所无法弥补的，
It is necessary step in plates separation、 continental dissolution and drift that the ex-tension of lithosphere takes placc. The module of extension action is dependent upon theresponse of drive mechanical system and lithosphere. So the formation of different rifts hasvery close relation with deep crust and mantle structure、 the process and the mechanism.This is a key answer to continenta1 growth and separation.Our research is based on the study of serial rift structure, describing the characteris-tics of continental rift、 the background of crust and mantle and the character ofgeophysical field, depicting the formation of and the classification of rift, discussing theprocess of Panxi rift and Laiying graben. The rift structure is very active position of contin-ent and also has relation with mineral resources and earthquake. It takes very importantrole in the research of continental dynamics. In the last section, we discuss thedriplication、 the methodology of main research.The research of continental extension and rift activity is strongly dependent upon highand new technology of contemporary geoscience. The measurement in field、 themeasurement and the simulation in lab are imperative. The lack of information can not becompensated by any kinds of mathe matics technique.
It is necessary step in plates separation、 continental dissolution and drift that the ex-tension of lithosphere takes placc. The module of extension action is dependent upon theresponse of drive mechanical system and lithosphere. So the formation of different rifts hasvery close relation with deep crust and mantle structure、 the process and the mechanism.This is a key answer to continenta1 growth and separation.Our research is based on the study of serial rift structure, describing the characteris-tics of continental rift、 the background of crust and mantle and the character ofgeophysical field, depicting the formation of and the classification of rift, discussing theprocess of Panxi rift and Laiying graben. The rift structure is very active position of contin-ent and also has relation with mineral resources and earthquake. It takes very importantrole in the research of continental dynamics. In the last section, we discuss thedriplication、 the methodology of main research.The research of continental extension and rift activity is strongly dependent upon highand new technology of contemporary geoscience. The measurement in field、 themeasurement and the simulation in lab are imperative. The lack of information can not becompensated by any kinds of mathe matics technique.
引文
(1)黄汲清、任纪舜、姜春发、张正坤、秦德余,中国大地构造及其演化,科学出版社,1990.
(2)黄汲清、陈炳蔚,中国及邻区特提斯海的演化,地质出版社,1987
(3)陈国达,地质学说的新进展,科学出版社,1992
(4)马杏垣,论伸展构造,地球科学No.3,99-116,1982.
(5)马杏垣,宿俭,中国地质历史过程中的裂陷作用,现代地壳运动研究5-16,地震出版社,1985.
(6)张文佑、李前槐、马福臣、钟嘉犹,地堑形成的力学机制,地质科学,No.1,1981.
(7)高明修,中国东部盆地系与美国西部盆地山脉构造对比及其成因机制探讨,中国中新生代盆地构造和演化.65-77, 1983.
(8)滕吉文.康滇构造带岩石围物理与动力学,科学出版社.1994.
(9) Fairhead, L.D. and GidlerR.W, The seismicity of the East Amcan Ritfsystem. Tectonophysics.Vol.15,Nol-2,115-121,1972,
(10)Tongue.J.Maguire P.Burton.P.An earthqanke study in the Lake Barlgo Basin ofthecentral KengaRift. Tectonophysics Vol.236, No.1-4, 157—164, 1994.
(11)AhotherL.Present-daystressfieldand Seismotectonic block movements along major fault zones inCentral Earope. Tertonophysics. Vol.29, No.1-4, 223-232, 1975,
(12)Girder. W. T. The great negative Bouguer gravity anomalies over Amca. EOS TransAm.Geophysics, Union Vol.56, No.8. 516-619, 1975.
(13)高名修,大陆裂谷,国外地质,No9, 1974.
(14) Morgan P. Heat flow in rlftzones. Am. Geophys. Union Geodynanics. Vol.8, 107-123, 1987.
(15) Hermance.J.F. Magnetotelluric and geomagnetic deep sounding studies in rifis and adjacent areasconstrains on physical processes in the crust and upper mantle.Am Geophys.Union Geodyn.Vol.8,169-192, 1982.
(16) Mueller.S,A A new model of the continental crust, The Earth's crust, 289-317, 1977
(17) Puzyrev N.N et al Deep structune of the Baikal and other contlneatal nft zones from seismic dada.Gcodynamlcs of the Balkal Rift zones(ed.By Logatchev.N.0 and Nohr.P.B.)Tectonophysics.yol.45, 15-72,1978.
(18)1987
(19)Prodehl.G.Keller.G.R.and knan M.A.Grustal and Upper mantle stucture of the Kenya Rift(SPecial issue).Teclonophysics.Vol.236,No.1-4,1994.
(20)滕吉文,攀西古裂谷构造带“复苏”的地球物理判据,中国科学(B辑)No.2,193-201,1988.
(21)滕杏文,中国四川攀枝花-西昌(攀西)裂谷形成、演化与裂谷分类,大地构造与成矿学,Vol.11,No.1, 77-90, 1987。
(22)熊绍柏、滕吉文、尹周勋、赖明惠、黄一平,攀西构造带南部地亮与上地幔结构的爆炸地震研究,地球物理学报,Vol.29,No.3,235-244,1986
(23)刘元龙、武传真、郑建昌、刘洪臣,攀西地区重力异常特征及裂谷问题研究,中国攀西裂谷文集(3),90-98,地质出版社,1988.
(24)曹树恒、唐企栋,根据航磁资料研究攀西裂谷带的构造及演化,中国攀西裂谷文集(3), 110-119,地质出版社,1988,
(25)申宁华、李春华、张贵宾、王华啸,用废滇大陆古裂谷带地区航磁资料计算居里深度,地球物理学报,Vol.9,No5,496-502,1986.
(26)任国泰、阎亚芬,攀西及其邻近地区磁区域场特征与地壳结构的关系,地球物理学报,V。1.11,No.6,594-601,1987
(27)魏斯禹、胡忠义、邓肖粤,攀西地区的地热活动与构造运动特征,地震研究, V。1.11, No.6585-596,1988.
(28)孔祥德、刘土杰、窦秦川、张建军,攀西地区地壳和上地幔的大地电磁研究,地球物理学报,Vol.23, No.2, 457-464, 1987.
(29) Zheng Jian-zhong, Xu Wen-yue Liu Jin and Zou Ying Some charactenstlcs of thetenstlcs Selsmlllty andthe stress field in the Panxi rift zone.Tectonophysics Vol.133,No.3-4,235-241,1987.
(30)姚虹、冯锐,中国东西剖面的地壳Q结构研究,地震研究, Vol.11, No.6, 539-550, 1988.
(31) Tan Tjong -kie, Geodynamics and tectonic evolution of the Panxl rift. Tectonophysics, 133, 287304,1987.
(32 ) Bois C. and ECORS Scientific parties. Post - orogenic evdution of the European erust sudies from ECORS.Deep Seismic profiles, In Goutment Lithosphere: Deep Seismic Reflection, GeodynamlcsSeries Vol.22,59-68,1991
(33)Keary.P.Vine.F.J.Global Tectonics.Blackwell Sciehtific Publications oxford London 1990.
(34)李晓波、白星碧、刘树臣、贾钱明、宁力生译、肖庆辉校,美国大陆动力学研究的国家计划,中国地质矿产信息研究院,1993.
(35)腾吉文,岩石层物理与动力学研究进展,地球物理学进展,Vol.8,No.3,45-62,1993.
(2)黄汲清、陈炳蔚,中国及邻区特提斯海的演化,地质出版社,1987
(3)陈国达,地质学说的新进展,科学出版社,1992
(4)马杏垣,论伸展构造,地球科学No.3,99-116,1982.
(5)马杏垣,宿俭,中国地质历史过程中的裂陷作用,现代地壳运动研究5-16,地震出版社,1985.
(6)张文佑、李前槐、马福臣、钟嘉犹,地堑形成的力学机制,地质科学,No.1,1981.
(7)高明修,中国东部盆地系与美国西部盆地山脉构造对比及其成因机制探讨,中国中新生代盆地构造和演化.65-77, 1983.
(8)滕吉文.康滇构造带岩石围物理与动力学,科学出版社.1994.
(9) Fairhead, L.D. and GidlerR.W, The seismicity of the East Amcan Ritfsystem. Tectonophysics.Vol.15,Nol-2,115-121,1972,
(10)Tongue.J.Maguire P.Burton.P.An earthqanke study in the Lake Barlgo Basin ofthecentral KengaRift. Tectonophysics Vol.236, No.1-4, 157—164, 1994.
(11)AhotherL.Present-daystressfieldand Seismotectonic block movements along major fault zones inCentral Earope. Tertonophysics. Vol.29, No.1-4, 223-232, 1975,
(12)Girder. W. T. The great negative Bouguer gravity anomalies over Amca. EOS TransAm.Geophysics, Union Vol.56, No.8. 516-619, 1975.
(13)高名修,大陆裂谷,国外地质,No9, 1974.
(14) Morgan P. Heat flow in rlftzones. Am. Geophys. Union Geodynanics. Vol.8, 107-123, 1987.
(15) Hermance.J.F. Magnetotelluric and geomagnetic deep sounding studies in rifis and adjacent areasconstrains on physical processes in the crust and upper mantle.Am Geophys.Union Geodyn.Vol.8,169-192, 1982.
(16) Mueller.S,A A new model of the continental crust, The Earth's crust, 289-317, 1977
(17) Puzyrev N.N et al Deep structune of the Baikal and other contlneatal nft zones from seismic dada.Gcodynamlcs of the Balkal Rift zones(ed.By Logatchev.N.0 and Nohr.P.B.)Tectonophysics.yol.45, 15-72,1978.
(18)1987
(19)Prodehl.G.Keller.G.R.and knan M.A.Grustal and Upper mantle stucture of the Kenya Rift(SPecial issue).Teclonophysics.Vol.236,No.1-4,1994.
(20)滕吉文,攀西古裂谷构造带“复苏”的地球物理判据,中国科学(B辑)No.2,193-201,1988.
(21)滕杏文,中国四川攀枝花-西昌(攀西)裂谷形成、演化与裂谷分类,大地构造与成矿学,Vol.11,No.1, 77-90, 1987。
(22)熊绍柏、滕吉文、尹周勋、赖明惠、黄一平,攀西构造带南部地亮与上地幔结构的爆炸地震研究,地球物理学报,Vol.29,No.3,235-244,1986
(23)刘元龙、武传真、郑建昌、刘洪臣,攀西地区重力异常特征及裂谷问题研究,中国攀西裂谷文集(3),90-98,地质出版社,1988.
(24)曹树恒、唐企栋,根据航磁资料研究攀西裂谷带的构造及演化,中国攀西裂谷文集(3), 110-119,地质出版社,1988,
(25)申宁华、李春华、张贵宾、王华啸,用废滇大陆古裂谷带地区航磁资料计算居里深度,地球物理学报,Vol.9,No5,496-502,1986.
(26)任国泰、阎亚芬,攀西及其邻近地区磁区域场特征与地壳结构的关系,地球物理学报,V。1.11,No.6,594-601,1987
(27)魏斯禹、胡忠义、邓肖粤,攀西地区的地热活动与构造运动特征,地震研究, V。1.11, No.6585-596,1988.
(28)孔祥德、刘土杰、窦秦川、张建军,攀西地区地壳和上地幔的大地电磁研究,地球物理学报,Vol.23, No.2, 457-464, 1987.
(29) Zheng Jian-zhong, Xu Wen-yue Liu Jin and Zou Ying Some charactenstlcs of thetenstlcs Selsmlllty andthe stress field in the Panxi rift zone.Tectonophysics Vol.133,No.3-4,235-241,1987.
(30)姚虹、冯锐,中国东西剖面的地壳Q结构研究,地震研究, Vol.11, No.6, 539-550, 1988.
(31) Tan Tjong -kie, Geodynamics and tectonic evolution of the Panxl rift. Tectonophysics, 133, 287304,1987.
(32 ) Bois C. and ECORS Scientific parties. Post - orogenic evdution of the European erust sudies from ECORS.Deep Seismic profiles, In Goutment Lithosphere: Deep Seismic Reflection, GeodynamlcsSeries Vol.22,59-68,1991
(33)Keary.P.Vine.F.J.Global Tectonics.Blackwell Sciehtific Publications oxford London 1990.
(34)李晓波、白星碧、刘树臣、贾钱明、宁力生译、肖庆辉校,美国大陆动力学研究的国家计划,中国地质矿产信息研究院,1993.
(35)腾吉文,岩石层物理与动力学研究进展,地球物理学进展,Vol.8,No.3,45-62,1993.
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