鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系丘形反射的解释及其与礁的关系
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地T_9—T_(10)地震反射波组之间的奥陶系碳酸盐岩中存在着许多丘形反射,其中一部分属于以藻类生物为主的藻丘类型,一部分为东部盐凹中的盐丘,一部分为奥陶系顶古风化壳残丘,其它丘形反射为绕射波、回转波、或者为地表静校不当引起的假象。奥陶系的礁丘一般规模很小,岩性以粘结岩为主,其孔隙发育好坏同风化残丘一样,主要取决于次生溶蚀作用。但礁丘生长过程中由于受海面波动影响,曾发生过多次暴露,形成多期溶孔。礁丘和古残丘都是寻找油气的较有利地带。
There are numerous mound-shaped reflections of Ordovician carbonate rocks bounded by T9 and T10 reflection waves on seismic profiles. Some of the mound-shaped reflections belong to reef dominated by algae; some represent salt mounds or residual hills of ancient weathering crust the Ordovician; and others represent diffracted waves and pseudomorphs caused by improper static corrections of terrain or weathered depth in the processing of seismic data. The Ordovician reef mounds are generally small in size and composed mainly bindstones; so, like weathered residual mounds, their porosity development depends mainly on secondary corrosion. But reef mounds may possess a better porosity because they were exposed and eroded repeatedly in their growth under the influence of sea level fluctuation. Both the reef mounds and weathering residual mounds are favorable sites for finding oil and gas.
There are numerous mound-shaped reflections of Ordovician carbonate rocks bounded by T9 and T10 reflection waves on seismic profiles. Some of the mound-shaped reflections belong to reef dominated by algae; some represent salt mounds or residual hills of ancient weathering crust the Ordovician; and others represent diffracted waves and pseudomorphs caused by improper static corrections of terrain or weathered depth in the processing of seismic data. The Ordovician reef mounds are generally small in size and composed mainly bindstones; so, like weathered residual mounds, their porosity development depends mainly on secondary corrosion. But reef mounds may possess a better porosity because they were exposed and eroded repeatedly in their growth under the influence of sea level fluctuation. Both the reef mounds and weathering residual mounds are favorable sites for finding oil and gas.
引文
① 云琼英.鄂尔多斯地区下古生界生油岩特征.陕甘宁石油普查通讯,1987,25:39～51．
1 James N P. Reef environment in carbonate depositional environment. In: Scholle P A, Bebout D G, Moore C H. eds. AAPG Mem., 1983,33: 345～462．
2 Toomey D F, Ham W E. Pulchrilamina, a new mound-building organism from lower Ordovician rocks of west Texas and Southern Oklahoma. Journal of Palaeontology, 1967, 41 (4) : 981 ～ 987．
3 Riging R, Toomey D F. The sedimentological role of Epiphyton and Renalcis in lower Ordovician mounds, southern Oklahoma. Journal of Palaeontology, 1972, 46 (4) : 509 ～ 519．
4 Klappa C F, James N P. Small Lithistid sponge bioberms, Early Middle Ordovician Table Head Group, Western Newfoundland. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 1980, 28(3) : 450～451．
5 Ross R J, Ingham J K. Distribution of the Toquima Table Head (Middle Ordovician whiterock) Faunal realm in the northern hemisphere: Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1970, 81: 393 ～ 408．
6 AHR W M. Palaeoenvironment, algal structure, and fossil algae in the Upper Cambrian of Central Texas. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1971, 41 (1) : 205 ～ 216．
7 Church S B. Lower Ordovician patch reefs in western Utah. Brigham Young University Geology Studies, 1974, 21: 41 ～ 62．
8 Wilson J L. Carbonate facies in geologic history. Berlin: Heidelberg, New York: Springerverlag, 1974． 96 ～ 102．
9 曾鼎乾,刘炳温,黄蕴明.中国各地质时期生物礁.北京:石油工业出版社,1988． 4～5页.
10 叶俭,杨友运,许安东,郑葆英,左智锋,周义,李晋僧,李钟秀,宋国初,雍应新,张葆荣,张吉森.鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘奥陶纪生物礁.北京:地质出版社,1995． 10～39页.
11 余素玉.化石碳酸盐岩.北京:地质出版社,1981． 43～64页.
12 冯增昭.陕甘宁晋及内蒙古地区奥陶纪岩相古地理新探.地质论评,1983,29(1) :17～29．
13 曾鼎乾.世界礁油气藏文献汇编.(三),上,1996． 330～342页.
14 蒙特乔E W,库克H E.异地碳酸盐岩碎屑流--礁组合、滩或陆棚边缘的世界性标志.梅志趣译,冯增昭校.The 24th.IGC Section,1972． 172～189．
15 Bubb J N,Hatledid W G.碳酸盐岩岩隆的地震识别见:佩顿C E编.地震地层学.牛毓荃等译.北京:石油工业出版社,1977． 136～141页.
16 周长祥.礁的反射特征解释.石油地球物理勘探,1986,21(1) :69～76．
17 长庆油田石油地质志编写组,中国石油地质志,卷12,长庆油田,北京:石油工业出版社,1992． 181～204页.
18 李正文,赵志超.地震勘探资料解释.北京:地质出版社,1988． 34～37页.
19 范嘉松,张维.生物礁的基本概念、分类和识别特征.岩石学报,1985,1(3) :45～56．
20 甘克文,李国玉,张亮成等.世界含油气盆地图册.北京:石油工业出版社,1982． 46页.
21 王忠和.陕甘宁盆地煤系煤岩特征及成烃能力研究.石油勘探与开发,1990,17(6) :1～12．
① 翟晓光等.新疆柯评巴楚地区古生界沉积相研究.1988．
① 刘景平.鄂尔多斯早古生代沉积发育特征和区域构造轮廓.陕甘宁石油普查通信,1987,25:1～17．
① 方丹J M.碳酸盐岩环境地震地层学.何庆先译.国外地质科技,1989,(5) :85～92．
1 James N P. Reef environment in carbonate depositional environment. In: Scholle P A, Bebout D G, Moore C H. eds. AAPG Mem., 1983,33: 345～462．
2 Toomey D F, Ham W E. Pulchrilamina, a new mound-building organism from lower Ordovician rocks of west Texas and Southern Oklahoma. Journal of Palaeontology, 1967, 41 (4) : 981 ～ 987．
3 Riging R, Toomey D F. The sedimentological role of Epiphyton and Renalcis in lower Ordovician mounds, southern Oklahoma. Journal of Palaeontology, 1972, 46 (4) : 509 ～ 519．
4 Klappa C F, James N P. Small Lithistid sponge bioberms, Early Middle Ordovician Table Head Group, Western Newfoundland. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 1980, 28(3) : 450～451．
5 Ross R J, Ingham J K. Distribution of the Toquima Table Head (Middle Ordovician whiterock) Faunal realm in the northern hemisphere: Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1970, 81: 393 ～ 408．
6 AHR W M. Palaeoenvironment, algal structure, and fossil algae in the Upper Cambrian of Central Texas. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1971, 41 (1) : 205 ～ 216．
7 Church S B. Lower Ordovician patch reefs in western Utah. Brigham Young University Geology Studies, 1974, 21: 41 ～ 62．
8 Wilson J L. Carbonate facies in geologic history. Berlin: Heidelberg, New York: Springerverlag, 1974． 96 ～ 102．
9 曾鼎乾,刘炳温,黄蕴明.中国各地质时期生物礁.北京:石油工业出版社,1988． 4～5页.
10 叶俭,杨友运,许安东,郑葆英,左智锋,周义,李晋僧,李钟秀,宋国初,雍应新,张葆荣,张吉森.鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘奥陶纪生物礁.北京:地质出版社,1995． 10～39页.
11 余素玉.化石碳酸盐岩.北京:地质出版社,1981． 43～64页.
12 冯增昭.陕甘宁晋及内蒙古地区奥陶纪岩相古地理新探.地质论评,1983,29(1) :17～29．
13 曾鼎乾.世界礁油气藏文献汇编.(三),上,1996． 330～342页.
14 蒙特乔E W,库克H E.异地碳酸盐岩碎屑流--礁组合、滩或陆棚边缘的世界性标志.梅志趣译,冯增昭校.The 24th.IGC Section,1972． 172～189．
15 Bubb J N,Hatledid W G.碳酸盐岩岩隆的地震识别见:佩顿C E编.地震地层学.牛毓荃等译.北京:石油工业出版社,1977． 136～141页.
16 周长祥.礁的反射特征解释.石油地球物理勘探,1986,21(1) :69～76．
17 长庆油田石油地质志编写组,中国石油地质志,卷12,长庆油田,北京:石油工业出版社,1992． 181～204页.
18 李正文,赵志超.地震勘探资料解释.北京:地质出版社,1988． 34～37页.
19 范嘉松,张维.生物礁的基本概念、分类和识别特征.岩石学报,1985,1(3) :45～56．
20 甘克文,李国玉,张亮成等.世界含油气盆地图册.北京:石油工业出版社,1982． 46页.
21 王忠和.陕甘宁盆地煤系煤岩特征及成烃能力研究.石油勘探与开发,1990,17(6) :1～12．
① 翟晓光等.新疆柯评巴楚地区古生界沉积相研究.1988．
① 刘景平.鄂尔多斯早古生代沉积发育特征和区域构造轮廓.陕甘宁石油普查通信,1987,25:1～17．
① 方丹J M.碳酸盐岩环境地震地层学.何庆先译.国外地质科技,1989,(5) :85～92．
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