用经验格林函数法模拟2008年日本岩手——宫城地震的强地面运动
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摘要
运用经验格林函数方法,对2008年6月13日日本岩手—宫城(MW6.9)地震进行了近场强地面运动的模拟研究.首先,利用震源谱拟合方法和遗传优化算法计算了经验格林函数法所需的参数,进而估算求得了此次地震主断层面上强震生成区的面积和上升时间.基于所获得的震源模型,计算了近震源区域的强地面运动时程,并同实际观测记录在时域和频域作了分析比较.结果显示,多数台站合成谱与观测谱符合得很好,部分台站两者在低频上有一定的偏差.通过遗传算法搜寻,所得强震生成区的面积与经验关系预测的一致,而上升时间则比经验关系预测的要小.
The near-source strong ground motion of the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi,Japan(MW6.9) earthquake was simulated using the empirical Green’s function (EGF) method. Firstly,we applied the source spectral fitting method and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to calculate the parameters of EGF. And then,estimated the size of strong motion generation area (SMGA) and rise time for this earthquake using GA. Finally,based on the source model,we calculated the synthetic velocity waveforms for the stations located in the near fault area and compared them with the observed records. The results show that for most stations the synthetic waveforms match the observed records very well. But in low frequency spectrum,the coherence is not so good at some stations. We found that the size of the SMGA follows the results by the self-similar scaling law,while the rise time is smaller than the predicted value by that law.
The near-source strong ground motion of the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi,Japan(MW6.9) earthquake was simulated using the empirical Green’s function (EGF) method. Firstly,we applied the source spectral fitting method and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to calculate the parameters of EGF. And then,estimated the size of strong motion generation area (SMGA) and rise time for this earthquake using GA. Finally,based on the source model,we calculated the synthetic velocity waveforms for the stations located in the near fault area and compared them with the observed records. The results show that for most stations the synthetic waveforms match the observed records very well. But in low frequency spectrum,the coherence is not so good at some stations. We found that the size of the SMGA follows the results by the self-similar scaling law,while the rise time is smaller than the predicted value by that law.
引文
金星,刘启方.2002.断层附近强地震动半经验合成方法的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,22(4):22-27.
罗奇峰,胡聿贤,壇一男.1994.估计近场地震动的统计经验格林函数法[J].自然灾害学报,3(3):3-10.
许力生,Patau G,陈运泰.2002.用余震作为经验格林函数从GDSN长周期波形资料中提取1999年集集地震的震源时间函数[J].地震学报,24(2):113-125.
赵志新,赵昭,徐纪人,久保田隆二.2006.用数值模拟格林函数方法合成近源地面运动地震图[J].科学通报,51(18):2181-2188.
Aki K.1967.Scaling lawof seismic spectrum[J].J Geophys Res,72(4):1217-1231.
Aki K,Richards P.2002.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods[M].University Science Books,Sausalito,California:39.
Brune J N.1970.Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves fromearthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,75(26):4997-5009.
Brune J N.1971.Correction[J].J Geophys Res,76(20):5002.
Chen X F.1999.Seismogramsynthesisin multi-layered half-space,Part I.Theoretical formulations[J].Earthquake Re-search in China,13(2):149-174.
Carroll D L.2001.FORTRAN Genetic Algorithm(GA)Driver[CP].[2008-09-07].http:∥cuaerospace.com/carroll/ga.ht ml.
Dan K,Watanabe T,Tanaka T,Sato R.1990.Stability of earthquake ground motion synthesized by using differentsmall-event records as empirical Green’s functions[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,80(6A):1433-1455.
Hartzell S H.1978.Earthquake aftershocks as Green's functions[J].Geophys Res lett,5(1):1-4.
Hayes G,Ji C.2008.Preli minary Result of the Jun13,2008MW6.8Honshu Earthquake[EB/OL].[2008-10-15]http:∥earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2008/us2008tfdp/finite-fault.php.
Irikura K.1983.Semi-empirical esti mation of strong ground motions duringlarge earthquakes[J].Bull Disast Prev ResInst,Kyoto Univ,33(2):63-104.
Irikura K.1986.Prediction of strong acceleration motion using empirical green’s function[C]∥Proc7th Japan EarthqEng Symp,Tokyo:151-156.
Irikura K.1999.Techniques for the si mulation of strong ground motion and deterministic seismic hazard analysis[C]∥Proceedings ofthe Advanced Study Course Seismotectonic and Microzonation Techniques in Earthquake Engineer-ing:Integrated Trainingin Earthquake Risk Reduction Practices,Kefallinia:453-554.
Joyner WB,Boore D M.1986.On si mulatinglarge earthquakes by green’s-function addition of smaller earthquakes[C]∥Earthquake Source Mechanics.American Geophysical Union Monograph,Washington,DC,37:269-274.
Kamae K,Kawabe H.2004.Source model composed of asperities for the2003Tokachi-oki,Japan,earthquake(MJ MA=8.0)esti mated by the empirical Green’s function method[J].Earth Planets Space,56(3):323-327.
Kanamori H,Anderson D L.1975.Theoretical basis of some empirical relationsin seismology[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,65(5):1073-1095.
Kanamori H.1979.Asemi-empirical approach to prediction of long-period ground motions from great earthquakes[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,69(6):1645-1670.
Miyake H,Iwata T,Irikura K.2003.Source characterizationfor broadband ground-motion si mulation:kinematic hetero-geneous source model and strong motion generation area[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,93(6):2531-2545.
Oth A,Wenzel F,Radulian M.2007.Source parameters of intermediate-depth Vrancea(Romania)earthquakes fromempirical Green's functions modeling[J].Tectonophys,438(1-4):33-56.
Somerville P,Irikura K,Graves R,Wald D,Abrahamson N,Iwasaki Y,Kagawa T,Smith N,Kowada A.1999.Char-acterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strong ground motion[J].Seism Res Lett,70(1):59-80.
Suzuki W,Iwata T.2006.Source model of the2005west off Fukuoka prefecture earthquake esti matedfromthe empiricalgreen's function si mulation of broadband strong motions[J].Earth Planets Space,58(1):99-104.
Suzuki W,Iwata T.2007.Source model of the2005Miyagi-Oki,Japan,earthquake esti mated from broadband strongmotions[J].Earth Planets Space,59(11):1155-1171.
罗奇峰,胡聿贤,壇一男.1994.估计近场地震动的统计经验格林函数法[J].自然灾害学报,3(3):3-10.
许力生,Patau G,陈运泰.2002.用余震作为经验格林函数从GDSN长周期波形资料中提取1999年集集地震的震源时间函数[J].地震学报,24(2):113-125.
赵志新,赵昭,徐纪人,久保田隆二.2006.用数值模拟格林函数方法合成近源地面运动地震图[J].科学通报,51(18):2181-2188.
Aki K.1967.Scaling lawof seismic spectrum[J].J Geophys Res,72(4):1217-1231.
Aki K,Richards P.2002.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods[M].University Science Books,Sausalito,California:39.
Brune J N.1970.Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves fromearthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,75(26):4997-5009.
Brune J N.1971.Correction[J].J Geophys Res,76(20):5002.
Chen X F.1999.Seismogramsynthesisin multi-layered half-space,Part I.Theoretical formulations[J].Earthquake Re-search in China,13(2):149-174.
Carroll D L.2001.FORTRAN Genetic Algorithm(GA)Driver[CP].[2008-09-07].http:∥cuaerospace.com/carroll/ga.ht ml.
Dan K,Watanabe T,Tanaka T,Sato R.1990.Stability of earthquake ground motion synthesized by using differentsmall-event records as empirical Green’s functions[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,80(6A):1433-1455.
Hartzell S H.1978.Earthquake aftershocks as Green's functions[J].Geophys Res lett,5(1):1-4.
Hayes G,Ji C.2008.Preli minary Result of the Jun13,2008MW6.8Honshu Earthquake[EB/OL].[2008-10-15]http:∥earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2008/us2008tfdp/finite-fault.php.
Irikura K.1983.Semi-empirical esti mation of strong ground motions duringlarge earthquakes[J].Bull Disast Prev ResInst,Kyoto Univ,33(2):63-104.
Irikura K.1986.Prediction of strong acceleration motion using empirical green’s function[C]∥Proc7th Japan EarthqEng Symp,Tokyo:151-156.
Irikura K.1999.Techniques for the si mulation of strong ground motion and deterministic seismic hazard analysis[C]∥Proceedings ofthe Advanced Study Course Seismotectonic and Microzonation Techniques in Earthquake Engineer-ing:Integrated Trainingin Earthquake Risk Reduction Practices,Kefallinia:453-554.
Joyner WB,Boore D M.1986.On si mulatinglarge earthquakes by green’s-function addition of smaller earthquakes[C]∥Earthquake Source Mechanics.American Geophysical Union Monograph,Washington,DC,37:269-274.
Kamae K,Kawabe H.2004.Source model composed of asperities for the2003Tokachi-oki,Japan,earthquake(MJ MA=8.0)esti mated by the empirical Green’s function method[J].Earth Planets Space,56(3):323-327.
Kanamori H,Anderson D L.1975.Theoretical basis of some empirical relationsin seismology[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,65(5):1073-1095.
Kanamori H.1979.Asemi-empirical approach to prediction of long-period ground motions from great earthquakes[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,69(6):1645-1670.
Miyake H,Iwata T,Irikura K.2003.Source characterizationfor broadband ground-motion si mulation:kinematic hetero-geneous source model and strong motion generation area[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,93(6):2531-2545.
Oth A,Wenzel F,Radulian M.2007.Source parameters of intermediate-depth Vrancea(Romania)earthquakes fromempirical Green's functions modeling[J].Tectonophys,438(1-4):33-56.
Somerville P,Irikura K,Graves R,Wald D,Abrahamson N,Iwasaki Y,Kagawa T,Smith N,Kowada A.1999.Char-acterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strong ground motion[J].Seism Res Lett,70(1):59-80.
Suzuki W,Iwata T.2006.Source model of the2005west off Fukuoka prefecture earthquake esti matedfromthe empiricalgreen's function si mulation of broadband strong motions[J].Earth Planets Space,58(1):99-104.
Suzuki W,Iwata T.2007.Source model of the2005Miyagi-Oki,Japan,earthquake esti mated from broadband strongmotions[J].Earth Planets Space,59(11):1155-1171.
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