金属矿产勘查技术发展现状与思考
|
摘要
近年来 ,以寻找金属矿产为目的发展起来的勘查新技术可概括为 :(1)以寻找隐伏矿为目标的覆盖区地球物理勘查技术 ,其中包括“三维地震”和“高光谱遥感”技术 ;(2 )地球化学勘查新技术 ,其中包括“深穿透地球化学技术”、“地球化学信息的综合解释和地球化学填图技术” ;(3)“找矿信息提取和综合”技术等 .限于篇幅 ,本文仅对地球化学勘查新技术的研究现状进行了分析 ,同时对下列问题进行了思考 :(1)在一个地区开展地球化学找矿工作首先要确立合适的取样介质 ,取样介质的确立应以查明成矿成晕元素的形成机制和赋存状态为基础 ;(2 )加强不同景观条件下不同矿种和不同矿床类型的异常特征和异常模式研究 ,建立区分矿异常和非矿异常的模式识别模型 ;(3)加强不同景观地质条件下 ,不同勘查尺度的地球化学填图技术研究 ,以实现迅速掌握全局 ,逐步缩小靶区的找矿战略 ;(4)加强地球化学信息与地质、地球物理和遥感信息相结合的信息综合技术的研究 ,应用综合信息定量圈定和评价找矿靶区 ,减少矿产勘查的不确定性 .
Developing current situation of geochemical exploration methodology and techniques used for searching for ore deposits can be outlined as the following contents: (1) study on geochemical exploration for concealed mineral deposits in overburden areas; (2) study on both existing status of elements and geochemical properties of elements; (3) comprehensive interpretation of geochemical information; (4) regional geochemical mapping. The following suggestions are given in this paper: (1) the first task of geochemical exploration for mineral resources is to determine suitable sampling medium; (2)the study on elemental anomalous features and elemental anomalous pattern should be strengthen; (3) the study on geochemical mapping techniques under different landscapes should be strengthen to realize the mineral exploration strategy of quickly mastering all situation and delineating ore targets step by step; (4) strength the study on information processing techniques for geochemical , geological, geophysical and remote sensing data to delineate and assess ore targets utilizing integrated information and to reduce the uncertainty of mineral exploration.
Developing current situation of geochemical exploration methodology and techniques used for searching for ore deposits can be outlined as the following contents: (1) study on geochemical exploration for concealed mineral deposits in overburden areas; (2) study on both existing status of elements and geochemical properties of elements; (3) comprehensive interpretation of geochemical information; (4) regional geochemical mapping. The following suggestions are given in this paper: (1) the first task of geochemical exploration for mineral resources is to determine suitable sampling medium; (2)the study on elemental anomalous features and elemental anomalous pattern should be strengthen; (3) the study on geochemical mapping techniques under different landscapes should be strengthen to realize the mineral exploration strategy of quickly mastering all situation and delineating ore targets step by step; (4) strength the study on information processing techniques for geochemical , geological, geophysical and remote sensing data to delineate and assess ore targets utilizing integrated information and to reduce the uncertainty of mineral exploration.
引文
[1] CasS ,GreenhalghS .High resolutionseismictomographicdelineationoforedeposits[J].ExplorationGeophysics,1995,26:315～318.
[2] YangK ,HuntingtonJF ,BoardmanJW ,MasonP .MappinghydrothermalalterationintheComstockminingdistrict,Nevada,usingsimulatedsatellite bornehyperspectraldata[J].AustralianJ .ofEarthSciences,2000,46:915～922.
[3] XXie,XWang,LXu,KremenetskyAA ,KheffetsVK .OrientationstudyofstrategicdeeppenetrationgeochemicalmethodsinthecentralKyzylkumdesertterrain,Uzbekistan[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,66:135～144.
[4] YingqingChen,PengdaZhao,JianguoChen,JipingLiu.Ap plicationofTheGeo anomalyUnitConceptinQuantitativeDelineationandAssessmentofGoldOreTargetsInWesternShandongUpliftTerrain,EasternChina[J].NaturalRe sourcesResearch,2001,10(1):35～49.
[5] LombardM ,deBruinD ,ElsenbroekJH .High-densityregionalgeochemicalmappingofsoilsandstreamsedimentsinSouthAfrica[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,66:145～150.
[6] PwaA ,McQueenKG ,ScottKM ,vanMoortJC .Re golithgeochemicalexplorationusingacidinsolubleresiduesasasamplemediumforgoldandbasemetaldepositsintheCobarregion,N .S .W .,Australia[J].J .Geochem.Ex plor.1999,67:15～31.
[7] CostaML ,AngelicaRS ,CostaNC .Regochemicalassoci ationAuAsB (Cu)SnWinlatosol,colluvium,lateriticironcrustandgossaninCarajas,Brazil:importanceforpri maryoreidentification[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:33～49.
[8] ScottKMvanRielB .TheGoornongSouthgilddepositanditsimplicationsforexplorationbeneathcoverinCentralVic toria,Australia[J].J.Geochem.Explor.1999,67:83～96.
[9] McQueenKG ,HillSM ,FosterKA .Thenatureanddis trbutionofregolithcarbonateaccumulationsinsoutheasternAustraliaandtheirpotentialasasamplingmediumingeo chemicalexploration[J].J.Geochem.Explor.1999,67:67～82.
[10] MeloJrG ,FletcherWK .Dispersionofgoldandassociat edelementsinstreamsedimentsundersemi aridcondi tions,northeastbrazil[J].J.Geochem.Explor.1999,67:235～244.
[11] LaurusKA ,FletcherWK .GolddistributioninglacialsedimentsandsoilsatBostonProperty,Nunavut,Canada[J].J.Geochem.Explor.1999,67:271～286.
[12] GrayJD ,WildmanJE ,LongmanGD .SelectiveandpartialextractionanalysesoftransportedoverburdenforgoldexplorationintheYilgarnCraton,WesternAustralia[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:51～66.
[13] ClarkJR .Conceptsandmodelsforinterpretationofen zymeleachdataformineralandprteoleumexploration[A].In:Enzymeleachmodel,samplingprotocol&casehisto ries,[C].ActivationLaboratoriesLtd&ActlabsSkyline,1999.
[14] BowellRJ ,BaumannM ,GingrichM ,etal.Theoccur renceofgoldattheGetchellmine,Nevada[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:127～144.
[15] BrandNW .Elementratiosinnickelsulphideexploration:vectoringtowardsoreenvironments[J].J .Geochem.Ex plor.1999,67:145～166.
[16] MclemoreVT ,MunroeEA ,HeizlerMT ,MckeeC .GeochemistryoftheCopperFlatporphyryandassocateddepositsintheHillsborominingdistrict,SierraCounty,NewMexico,USA[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:167～190.
[17] GrunskyEC ,SmeeBW .Thedifferentiationofsoiltypesandmineralizationfrommulti elementgeochemistryusingmulti elementmethodsanddigitaltopography[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:167～300.
[18] HarrisJR ,WikinsonL ,GrunskyE ,HeatherK ,AyerJ .Techniquesforanalysisandvisualizationoflithogeochemi caldatawithapplicationstotheSwayzegreenstonebelt,Ontario[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:301～334.
[19] HalfpennyR ,MazzucchelliRH .Regionalmulti-elementdrainagegeochemistryintheHimalayanMountains,north ernPakistan[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:223～233.
[20] CockerMD .GeochemicalmappinginGeorgia,USA :atoolforenvironmentstudies,geologicmappingandmineralexploration[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:345～360.
[21] WangXueqiu.Leachingofmobileformsofmetalsinover burden:developmentandapplications[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1998,61:345～360.
[22] MannAW ,BirrellGayLM .Applicationofthemobilemetaliontechniquetoroutinegeochemicalexploration[A].In:HallG .E .M .,BonhamCarterG .F .(editors).Selectiveextrations[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1995,51:87～102.
[2] YangK ,HuntingtonJF ,BoardmanJW ,MasonP .MappinghydrothermalalterationintheComstockminingdistrict,Nevada,usingsimulatedsatellite bornehyperspectraldata[J].AustralianJ .ofEarthSciences,2000,46:915～922.
[3] XXie,XWang,LXu,KremenetskyAA ,KheffetsVK .OrientationstudyofstrategicdeeppenetrationgeochemicalmethodsinthecentralKyzylkumdesertterrain,Uzbekistan[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,66:135～144.
[4] YingqingChen,PengdaZhao,JianguoChen,JipingLiu.Ap plicationofTheGeo anomalyUnitConceptinQuantitativeDelineationandAssessmentofGoldOreTargetsInWesternShandongUpliftTerrain,EasternChina[J].NaturalRe sourcesResearch,2001,10(1):35～49.
[5] LombardM ,deBruinD ,ElsenbroekJH .High-densityregionalgeochemicalmappingofsoilsandstreamsedimentsinSouthAfrica[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,66:145～150.
[6] PwaA ,McQueenKG ,ScottKM ,vanMoortJC .Re golithgeochemicalexplorationusingacidinsolubleresiduesasasamplemediumforgoldandbasemetaldepositsintheCobarregion,N .S .W .,Australia[J].J .Geochem.Ex plor.1999,67:15～31.
[7] CostaML ,AngelicaRS ,CostaNC .Regochemicalassoci ationAuAsB (Cu)SnWinlatosol,colluvium,lateriticironcrustandgossaninCarajas,Brazil:importanceforpri maryoreidentification[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:33～49.
[8] ScottKMvanRielB .TheGoornongSouthgilddepositanditsimplicationsforexplorationbeneathcoverinCentralVic toria,Australia[J].J.Geochem.Explor.1999,67:83～96.
[9] McQueenKG ,HillSM ,FosterKA .Thenatureanddis trbutionofregolithcarbonateaccumulationsinsoutheasternAustraliaandtheirpotentialasasamplingmediumingeo chemicalexploration[J].J.Geochem.Explor.1999,67:67～82.
[10] MeloJrG ,FletcherWK .Dispersionofgoldandassociat edelementsinstreamsedimentsundersemi aridcondi tions,northeastbrazil[J].J.Geochem.Explor.1999,67:235～244.
[11] LaurusKA ,FletcherWK .GolddistributioninglacialsedimentsandsoilsatBostonProperty,Nunavut,Canada[J].J.Geochem.Explor.1999,67:271～286.
[12] GrayJD ,WildmanJE ,LongmanGD .SelectiveandpartialextractionanalysesoftransportedoverburdenforgoldexplorationintheYilgarnCraton,WesternAustralia[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:51～66.
[13] ClarkJR .Conceptsandmodelsforinterpretationofen zymeleachdataformineralandprteoleumexploration[A].In:Enzymeleachmodel,samplingprotocol&casehisto ries,[C].ActivationLaboratoriesLtd&ActlabsSkyline,1999.
[14] BowellRJ ,BaumannM ,GingrichM ,etal.Theoccur renceofgoldattheGetchellmine,Nevada[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:127～144.
[15] BrandNW .Elementratiosinnickelsulphideexploration:vectoringtowardsoreenvironments[J].J .Geochem.Ex plor.1999,67:145～166.
[16] MclemoreVT ,MunroeEA ,HeizlerMT ,MckeeC .GeochemistryoftheCopperFlatporphyryandassocateddepositsintheHillsborominingdistrict,SierraCounty,NewMexico,USA[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:167～190.
[17] GrunskyEC ,SmeeBW .Thedifferentiationofsoiltypesandmineralizationfrommulti elementgeochemistryusingmulti elementmethodsanddigitaltopography[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:167～300.
[18] HarrisJR ,WikinsonL ,GrunskyE ,HeatherK ,AyerJ .Techniquesforanalysisandvisualizationoflithogeochemi caldatawithapplicationstotheSwayzegreenstonebelt,Ontario[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:301～334.
[19] HalfpennyR ,MazzucchelliRH .Regionalmulti-elementdrainagegeochemistryintheHimalayanMountains,north ernPakistan[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:223～233.
[20] CockerMD .GeochemicalmappinginGeorgia,USA :atoolforenvironmentstudies,geologicmappingandmineralexploration[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1999,67:345～360.
[21] WangXueqiu.Leachingofmobileformsofmetalsinover burden:developmentandapplications[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1998,61:345～360.
[22] MannAW ,BirrellGayLM .Applicationofthemobilemetaliontechniquetoroutinegeochemicalexploration[A].In:HallG .E .M .,BonhamCarterG .F .(editors).Selectiveextrations[J].J .Geochem.Explor.1995,51:87～102.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心