国产海底地震仪研制现状及其在海底结构探测中的应用
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摘要
海底地震仪(Ocean Bottom Seismographs,OBS)及由其组成的海底流动地震观测台阵是近年来发展起来的高新技术,在油气探测、科学研究、防灾减灾等方面有广泛的用途,是地球物理仪器与探测技术发展中的一个新增长点.本文介绍了由中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研制成功的宽频带、7通道海底地震仪((I-7C)OBS)的性能、指标以及关键技术的实现.同时,介绍了(I-7C)OBS近年来在渤海、南海以及西南印度洋的5次海上试验与应用的结果.5次应用试验中均有国外同类型的一起参加,(I-7C)OBS在性能指标、回收率和数据质量等方面都有较好的表现.2010年以来,国产OBS在我国各海区经过上百台次的海上作业(超过半数工作水深在2000 m以上),仅丢失一台.仪器回收率超过98%,数据完整率超过95%.一些航次的首席科学家认为我国国产OBS已经达到国际先进水平.
Ocean Bottom Seismographs(OBS) and the seabed mobile seismic observation array composed by them was recently developed high-tech.It s a new growth point in the geophysical instruments and exploration technology,and it has a wide range of uses,such as in oil and gas exploration,scientific research,disaster prevention and mitigation and so on.The performance, technical data,and key techniques of the I-7C Ocean Bottom Seismograph(OBS) is introduced in this paper.The wideband 7-channel OBS is designed and produced by Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.In recent years we have conducted five marine tests in the Bohai Sea,South China Sea,and southwestern Indian Ocean.OBS instruments made in western countries were also used in the five tests.The results indicate the good performance of the(T7C) OBS in technical data,recovery operation ratio,and data quality.Since 2010, homemade OBS were tested over one hundred times in different seas,more than half worked in over 2000 meters water depth,only one was lost,and the recovery operation ratio was over 98%, data integrity ratio was over 95%.Some chief scientists believe that the domestic OBS have already reached advanced world levels.
Ocean Bottom Seismographs(OBS) and the seabed mobile seismic observation array composed by them was recently developed high-tech.It s a new growth point in the geophysical instruments and exploration technology,and it has a wide range of uses,such as in oil and gas exploration,scientific research,disaster prevention and mitigation and so on.The performance, technical data,and key techniques of the I-7C Ocean Bottom Seismograph(OBS) is introduced in this paper.The wideband 7-channel OBS is designed and produced by Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.In recent years we have conducted five marine tests in the Bohai Sea,South China Sea,and southwestern Indian Ocean.OBS instruments made in western countries were also used in the five tests.The results indicate the good performance of the(T7C) OBS in technical data,recovery operation ratio,and data quality.Since 2010, homemade OBS were tested over one hundred times in different seas,more than half worked in over 2000 meters water depth,only one was lost,and the recovery operation ratio was over 98%, data integrity ratio was over 95%.Some chief scientists believe that the domestic OBS have already reached advanced world levels.
引文
[1]刘光鼎.中国海区及邻域地质地球物理系列图(1:500万).北京:地质出版社,1992 Liu G D.Geophysical Series Maps in China Sea and Adjacent Regions(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1992
[2]刘光鼎.中国海区及邻域地质-地球物理系列图及说明书(1:500万).北京:地质出版社,1992 Liu G D ed.Specification of Geophysical Series Maps in China Sea and Adjacent Regions(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1992
[3]李家彪.中国边缘海形成演化与资源效应.北京:海洋出版社,2005 Li J B ed.Evolution and Resources Effect of Marginal Basins in the China Sea(in Chinese).Beijing:Ocean Press,2005
[4]丘学林,施小斌,阎贫等.南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测和研究新进展.自然科学进展,2003,13(3):231-236 Qiu X L,Shi X B,Yan P,et al.Deep seismic sounding and new progress in crustal structure of the northern South China Sea.Progress in Natural Science(in Chinese),2003,13 (3):231-236
[5]郝天珧,黄松,徐亚等.南海东北部及邻区深部结构的综合地球物理研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1785- 1796 Hao T Y,Huang S,Xu Y,et al.Comprehensive geophysical research on the deep structure of Northeastern South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1785- 1796
[6]Li Z W,Xu Y,Hao T Y,et al.V_p and V_p/V_s structures in the crust and upper mantle of the Taiwan region,China. Science in China(Series D):Earth Sciences,2009,52(7): 975-983
[7]张健,熊亮萍,汪集旸.南海深部地球动力学特征及其演化机制.地球物理学报,2001,44(5):602-610 Zhang J,Xiong L P,Wang J Y.Characteristics and mechanism of geodynamic evolution of the South China Sea. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5):602-610
[8]Brias A,Pautot G.Reconstructions of the South China Sea from structural data and magnetic anomalies.In:Jin X, Kudrass H R,Pautot G,eds.Marine Geology and Geophysics of the South China Sea.Proc.Symp.On Recent,Contributions to the Geological History of the South China Sea.Hangzhou: China Ocean Press,1990.60-70
[9]Davis M,Kusznir N.Depth-dependent lithospheric stretching at rifted continental margins.In:Karner G D,Taylor B, Driscoll N W,eds.Rheology and Deformation of the Lithosphere at Continental Margins.Columbia;Columbia University Press,2004.92-137
[10]Xia S H,Zhao M H,Qiu X L,et al.Crustal structure in an onshore-offshore transitional zone near Hong Kong,northern South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2010,37 (5-6):460-472
[11]阎贫.海底地震仪记录中的横波.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1998,18(1):115-118 Yan P.Shearwaves in OBS Records.Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),1998,18(1):115-118
[12]丘学林,赵明辉,夏少红等.大容量气枪震源与南海北部海陆联合深地震探测.见:金翔龙,秦蕴珊,朱日祥.中国地质与地球物理研究进展.北京:海洋出版社,2008.467-473 Qiu X L,Zhao M H,Xia S H,et al.The large volume air gun sources and the onshore-offshore deep seismic experiments in northern South China Sea.In:Jin X L,Qin Y S,Zhu R X, eds.Progress of Geology and Geophysical Research of China (in Chinese).Beijing:Ocean Press,2008.467-473
[13]敖威,赵明辉,丘学林等.西南印度洋中脊三维地震探测中炮点与海底地震仪的位置校正.地球物理学报,2010,53 (12):2982-2991 Ao W,Zhao M H,Qiu X L,et al.The correction of shot and OBS position in the 3D seismic experiment of the SW Indian Ocean Ridge.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010, 53(12):2982-2991
[14]赵明辉,丘学林,夏少红等.南海东北部三分量海底地震仪记录中横波的识别和分析.自然科学进展,2007,17(11): 1516-1523 Zhao M H,Qiu XL,Xia S H,et al.Identification and analysis of shear wave from three-component OBS records of northeastern South China Sea.Progress in Natural Science (in Chinese),2007,17(11).1516-1523
[15]赵明辉,丘学林,夏少红等.大容量气枪震源及其波形特征.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):558-565 Zhao M H,Qiu X L,Xia S H,et al.Large volume air-gun sources and its seismic waveform characters.Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(2):558-565
[16]Digranes P,Mjelde R,Kodaira S,et al.Modelling shear waves in OBS data from the Voring basin(northern Norway) by 2-D ray-tracing.Pure and Applied Geophysics,1996, 147(4):611-629
[17]Flueh E R,Fisher M A,Bialas J,et al.New seismic images of the Cascadia subduction zone from cruise SO108- ORWELL.Tectonophysics,1998,293(1-2):69-84
[18]Chian D P,Louden K E,Minshull T A,et al.Deep structure of the ocean-continent transition in the southern Iberia Abyssal Plain from seismic refraction profiles:Ocean Drilling Program(Legs 149 and 173) transect.Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1999,104(B4):7443- 7462
[19]http://www.geomar.ge/
[20]Katzman R,Holbrook W S,Paull C K.Combined vertical-incidence and wide-angle seismic study of a gas hydrate zone, Blake Ridge.Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 1994,99(B9):17975-17995
[21]Mienert J,Biinz S,Guidard S,et al.Ocean bottom seismometer investigations in the Ormen Lange area offshore mid-Norway provide evidence for shallow gas layers in subsurface sediments.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2005,22(1-2):287-297
[22]http://www.geopro.com/home,html
[23]阮爱国,李家彪,陈永顺等.国产I-4C型OBS在西南印度洋中脊的试验.地球物理学报,2010,53(4):1015-1018 Ruan A G,Li J B,Chen Y S,et al.The experiment of broad band I-4C type OBS in the Southwest India ridge.Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(4):1015-1018
[24]吴振利,李家彪,阮爱国等.南海西北次海盆地壳结构:海底广角地震实验结果.中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2011, 41(1 0):1463-1476 Wu Z L,Li J B,Ruan A G,et al.Crustal structure of the northwestern sub-basin,South China Sea:Results from a wide-angle seismic experiment.Sci.China Earth Sci.(in Chinese),2011,41(10):1463-1476
[25]薛彬,阮爱国,李湘云等.SEDISⅣ型短周期自浮式海底地震仪数据校正方法.海洋学研究,2008,26(2):98-102 Xue B,RuanYG,Li X Y,et al.The seismic data corrections of short period auto-floating ocean bottom seismometer.Journal of MarineSciences(in Chinese), 2008,26(2):98-102
[26]Zhao M H,Qiu X L,Xia S H,et al.Seismic structure in the northeastern South China Sea:S-wave velocity and V_p/V_s ratios derived from three-component OBS data.Tectonophysics, 2009,480(1-4):183-197
[27]赵明辉,丘学林,李家彪等.慢速、超慢速扩张洋中脊三维地震结构研究进展与展望.热带海洋学报,2010,29(6):1-7 Zhao M H,Qiu XL,Li J B,et al.Research development and prospect on three-dimensional seismic structures of slow and ultraslow spreading ocean ridges.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),2010,29(6):1-7
[2]刘光鼎.中国海区及邻域地质-地球物理系列图及说明书(1:500万).北京:地质出版社,1992 Liu G D ed.Specification of Geophysical Series Maps in China Sea and Adjacent Regions(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1992
[3]李家彪.中国边缘海形成演化与资源效应.北京:海洋出版社,2005 Li J B ed.Evolution and Resources Effect of Marginal Basins in the China Sea(in Chinese).Beijing:Ocean Press,2005
[4]丘学林,施小斌,阎贫等.南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测和研究新进展.自然科学进展,2003,13(3):231-236 Qiu X L,Shi X B,Yan P,et al.Deep seismic sounding and new progress in crustal structure of the northern South China Sea.Progress in Natural Science(in Chinese),2003,13 (3):231-236
[5]郝天珧,黄松,徐亚等.南海东北部及邻区深部结构的综合地球物理研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1785- 1796 Hao T Y,Huang S,Xu Y,et al.Comprehensive geophysical research on the deep structure of Northeastern South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1785- 1796
[6]Li Z W,Xu Y,Hao T Y,et al.V_p and V_p/V_s structures in the crust and upper mantle of the Taiwan region,China. Science in China(Series D):Earth Sciences,2009,52(7): 975-983
[7]张健,熊亮萍,汪集旸.南海深部地球动力学特征及其演化机制.地球物理学报,2001,44(5):602-610 Zhang J,Xiong L P,Wang J Y.Characteristics and mechanism of geodynamic evolution of the South China Sea. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5):602-610
[8]Brias A,Pautot G.Reconstructions of the South China Sea from structural data and magnetic anomalies.In:Jin X, Kudrass H R,Pautot G,eds.Marine Geology and Geophysics of the South China Sea.Proc.Symp.On Recent,Contributions to the Geological History of the South China Sea.Hangzhou: China Ocean Press,1990.60-70
[9]Davis M,Kusznir N.Depth-dependent lithospheric stretching at rifted continental margins.In:Karner G D,Taylor B, Driscoll N W,eds.Rheology and Deformation of the Lithosphere at Continental Margins.Columbia;Columbia University Press,2004.92-137
[10]Xia S H,Zhao M H,Qiu X L,et al.Crustal structure in an onshore-offshore transitional zone near Hong Kong,northern South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2010,37 (5-6):460-472
[11]阎贫.海底地震仪记录中的横波.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1998,18(1):115-118 Yan P.Shearwaves in OBS Records.Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),1998,18(1):115-118
[12]丘学林,赵明辉,夏少红等.大容量气枪震源与南海北部海陆联合深地震探测.见:金翔龙,秦蕴珊,朱日祥.中国地质与地球物理研究进展.北京:海洋出版社,2008.467-473 Qiu X L,Zhao M H,Xia S H,et al.The large volume air gun sources and the onshore-offshore deep seismic experiments in northern South China Sea.In:Jin X L,Qin Y S,Zhu R X, eds.Progress of Geology and Geophysical Research of China (in Chinese).Beijing:Ocean Press,2008.467-473
[13]敖威,赵明辉,丘学林等.西南印度洋中脊三维地震探测中炮点与海底地震仪的位置校正.地球物理学报,2010,53 (12):2982-2991 Ao W,Zhao M H,Qiu X L,et al.The correction of shot and OBS position in the 3D seismic experiment of the SW Indian Ocean Ridge.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010, 53(12):2982-2991
[14]赵明辉,丘学林,夏少红等.南海东北部三分量海底地震仪记录中横波的识别和分析.自然科学进展,2007,17(11): 1516-1523 Zhao M H,Qiu XL,Xia S H,et al.Identification and analysis of shear wave from three-component OBS records of northeastern South China Sea.Progress in Natural Science (in Chinese),2007,17(11).1516-1523
[15]赵明辉,丘学林,夏少红等.大容量气枪震源及其波形特征.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):558-565 Zhao M H,Qiu X L,Xia S H,et al.Large volume air-gun sources and its seismic waveform characters.Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(2):558-565
[16]Digranes P,Mjelde R,Kodaira S,et al.Modelling shear waves in OBS data from the Voring basin(northern Norway) by 2-D ray-tracing.Pure and Applied Geophysics,1996, 147(4):611-629
[17]Flueh E R,Fisher M A,Bialas J,et al.New seismic images of the Cascadia subduction zone from cruise SO108- ORWELL.Tectonophysics,1998,293(1-2):69-84
[18]Chian D P,Louden K E,Minshull T A,et al.Deep structure of the ocean-continent transition in the southern Iberia Abyssal Plain from seismic refraction profiles:Ocean Drilling Program(Legs 149 and 173) transect.Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1999,104(B4):7443- 7462
[19]http://www.geomar.ge/
[20]Katzman R,Holbrook W S,Paull C K.Combined vertical-incidence and wide-angle seismic study of a gas hydrate zone, Blake Ridge.Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 1994,99(B9):17975-17995
[21]Mienert J,Biinz S,Guidard S,et al.Ocean bottom seismometer investigations in the Ormen Lange area offshore mid-Norway provide evidence for shallow gas layers in subsurface sediments.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2005,22(1-2):287-297
[22]http://www.geopro.com/home,html
[23]阮爱国,李家彪,陈永顺等.国产I-4C型OBS在西南印度洋中脊的试验.地球物理学报,2010,53(4):1015-1018 Ruan A G,Li J B,Chen Y S,et al.The experiment of broad band I-4C type OBS in the Southwest India ridge.Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(4):1015-1018
[24]吴振利,李家彪,阮爱国等.南海西北次海盆地壳结构:海底广角地震实验结果.中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2011, 41(1 0):1463-1476 Wu Z L,Li J B,Ruan A G,et al.Crustal structure of the northwestern sub-basin,South China Sea:Results from a wide-angle seismic experiment.Sci.China Earth Sci.(in Chinese),2011,41(10):1463-1476
[25]薛彬,阮爱国,李湘云等.SEDISⅣ型短周期自浮式海底地震仪数据校正方法.海洋学研究,2008,26(2):98-102 Xue B,RuanYG,Li X Y,et al.The seismic data corrections of short period auto-floating ocean bottom seismometer.Journal of MarineSciences(in Chinese), 2008,26(2):98-102
[26]Zhao M H,Qiu X L,Xia S H,et al.Seismic structure in the northeastern South China Sea:S-wave velocity and V_p/V_s ratios derived from three-component OBS data.Tectonophysics, 2009,480(1-4):183-197
[27]赵明辉,丘学林,李家彪等.慢速、超慢速扩张洋中脊三维地震结构研究进展与展望.热带海洋学报,2010,29(6):1-7 Zhao M H,Qiu XL,Li J B,et al.Research development and prospect on three-dimensional seismic structures of slow and ultraslow spreading ocean ridges.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),2010,29(6):1-7
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