库车前陆褶皱冲断带中段第三系盐枕构造
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摘要
本文旨在探讨库车前陆褶皱冲断带盐枕构造的类型、分布、成因机制及其与油气聚集的关系。通过地震反射剖面的解释和石油地质条件综合分析 ,认为库车前陆褶皱冲断带由北而南依次发育残留盐枕、非稳态盐枕和稳态盐枕等 3类盐枕构造 ,沿克拉苏构造带和西秋立塔克构造带呈长条形带状分布 ,其成因受重力滑动、重力扩展、区域挤压和塑性流动作用的联合控制。从盐枕构造的演化序列和分布特征看 ,该区盐枕构造的主要特点表现为 :北部盐枕形成较早 ,稳定性差 ,出现残留盐枕 ,盐枕规模较小 ;南部盐枕形成较晚 ,稳定性较强 ,形态相对完整 ,规模较大。库车前陆褶皱冲断带盐枕构造与油气聚集密切相关 ,伴随盐枕构造的形成 ,发育大量盐相关油气圈闭构造 ,沿盐枕构造成带状分布 ,同时盐枕构造巨厚的盐岩层为油气聚集提供了良好的封闭条件。
The paper aimed to analyze the type, distribution, mechanism and relation to the oil gas accumulation of the salt pillows in the Kuqa foreland fold and thrust belt, Tarim Basin, northwest China. Based on the interpretation of seismic profiles and integrated analysis of petroleum geology, the residual salt pillows, unstable salt pillows and stable ones developed from the north to the south in the area. The salt pillows distributed along the Klash and West Qiulitag structural belts, their developing being controlled by gravitational sliding and spreading, regional compression and plastic flow of the salt beds. The salt pillows formed earlier, with poor stability, smaller size and relict ones occurring in the northern part; and in the southern part, the salt pillows formed later, with more stable, larger size and relatively complete salt pillows. Accompanied with creation of the salt pillows, a large number of salt related petroleum traps developed, and the salt bed itself could be served as excellent seals for oil gas accumulation.
The paper aimed to analyze the type, distribution, mechanism and relation to the oil gas accumulation of the salt pillows in the Kuqa foreland fold and thrust belt, Tarim Basin, northwest China. Based on the interpretation of seismic profiles and integrated analysis of petroleum geology, the residual salt pillows, unstable salt pillows and stable ones developed from the north to the south in the area. The salt pillows distributed along the Klash and West Qiulitag structural belts, their developing being controlled by gravitational sliding and spreading, regional compression and plastic flow of the salt beds. The salt pillows formed earlier, with poor stability, smaller size and relict ones occurring in the northern part; and in the southern part, the salt pillows formed later, with more stable, larger size and relatively complete salt pillows. Accompanied with creation of the salt pillows, a large number of salt related petroleum traps developed, and the salt bed itself could be served as excellent seals for oil gas accumulation.
引文
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刘和甫.1995.前陆盆地类型及褶皱—冲断层样式.地学前缘,2(3):59—68.LiuHefu.1995.Thebasintypesandfold thruststylesofforelandbasins.EarthScienceFrontiers,2(3):59—68.
刘和甫,梁慧社,蔡立国,夏义平,刘立群.1994.天山两侧前陆盆地冲断系构造样式与前陆盆地演化.地球科学,19(6):727—741.LiuHefu,LiangHuishe,CaiLiguo,XiaYipingandLiuLiqun.1994.EvolutionandstructuralstyleofTianshanandadjacentbasins,northwesternChina.EarthScience,19(6):727—741.
刘志宏,卢华复,李西建,贾承造,雷刚林,陈楚铭,王国强,范湘涛.2000.库车再生前陆盆地的构造演化.地质科学,35(4):482—492.LiuZhihong,LuHuafu,LiXijian,JiaChengzao,LeiGanglin,ChenChuming,WangGuoqiangandFanXiangtao.2000.TectonicevolutionofKuqarejuvenatedforelandbasin.ChineseJour.Geol.(formerly,ScientiaGeologicaSinica),35(4):482—492.
卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,贾 东,王国强,贾承造.2000.库车再生前陆逆冲带的构造特征与成因.石油学报,21(3):18—24.LuHuafu,ChenChuming,LiuZhihong,JiaDong,WangGuoqiangandJiaChengzao.2000.StructuralcharacteristicsandoriginofKuqareactivatedforelandthrustbelts.ActaPetroleiSinica,21(3):18—24.
吕修祥,金之钧,周新源,皮学军.2000.塔里木盆地库车坳陷与膏盐岩相关的油气聚集.石油勘探与开发,27(4):20—21.L櫣Xiuxiang,JinZhijun,ZhouXinyuanandPiXuejun.2000.OilandgasaccumulationrelatedtoevaporiterocksinKuqadepres sionofTarimbasin.PetroleumExplorationandDevelopment,27(4):20—21.
汤良杰.1996.塔里木盆地演化和构造样式.北京:地质出版社.1—136.TangLiangjie.1996.EvolutionandStructuralStylesoftheTarimBasin.Beijing:GeologicalPubl.House.1—136.
汪 新,贾承造,杨树锋.2002.南天山库车褶皱冲断带构造几何学和运动学.地质科学,37(3):372—384.WangXin,JiaChengzaoandYangShufeng.2002.GeometryandkinematicsoftheKuqafold and thrustbeltinthesouthernTian shan.ChineseJour.Geol.,37(3):372—384.
张朝军,田在艺.1998.塔里木盆地库车坳陷第三系盐构造与油气.石油学报,19(1):6—10.ZhangChaojunandTianZaiyi.1998.TheTertiarysaltstructuresandpetroleuminKuqadepression,Tarimbasin.ActaPetroleiSini ca,19(1):6—10.
张光亚,陈发景,汪新文.1994.塔北地区变形样式及其分布规律.地球科学,19(6):755—768.ZhangGuangya,ChenFajingandWangXinwen.1994.DeformationstylesanddistributionofthenorthernTarimbasin.EarthSci ence,19(6):755—768.
赵文智,许大丰,张朝军,张 研.1998.库车坳陷构造变形层序划分及在油气勘探中的意义.石油学报,19(3):1—5.ZhaoWenzhi,XuDafeng,ZhangChaojunandZhangYan.1998.DivisionofstructuraldeformedsequenceinKuchedepressionandsignificanceforoil gasexploration.ActaPetroleiSinica,19(3):1—5.
JiaDong,LuHuafu,CaiDongsheng,WuShimi,ShiYangshenandChenChuming.1998.StructuralfeaturesofnorthernTarimbasin:implicationsforregionaltectonicsandpetroleumtraps.AAPGBull.,82(1):147—159.
JacksonMPA .1995.Retrospectivesalttectonics.in:JacksonMPA ,RobertsDGandSnelsonS .eds.SaltTectonics:AGlobalPerspective.AAPGMemoir65.1—28.
LetouzeyJ,CollettaB ,ViallyRandChermetteJC .1995.Evolutionofsalt relatedstructuresincompressionalsettings.in:JacksonMPA ,RobertsDGandSnelsonS .eds.SaltTectonics:AGlobalPerspective.AAPGMemoir65.41—60.
McKnightCL .1993.StructuralStylesandTectonicSignificanceofTianshanFoothillFold thrustBelts,NorthwestChina(DoctoralDegreeThesis).Waco(Texas):BaylorUniversity.1—207.
NishidaiTandBerryJL .1990.Structureandhydrocarbonpot
贾承造,何登发,雷振宇.2000.前陆冲断带油气勘探.北京:石油工业出版社.1—351.JiaChengzao,HeDengfaandLeiZhenyu.2000.PetroleumExplorationinForelandThrustBelts.Beijing:PetroleumIndustryPress.1—135.
贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君.1995.塔里木盆地构造演化与区域构造地质.北京:石油工业出版社.1—174.JiaChengzao,WeiGuoqiandYaoHuijun.1995.TectonicEvolutionandRegionalStructuralGeologyoftheTarimBasin.Beijing:PetroleumIndustryPress.1—174.
康竹林,翟光明.1995.中国的前陆盆地与油气聚集.石油学报,16(4):1—8.KangZhulinandZhaiGuangming.1995.TheforelandbasinsandhydrocarbonaccumulationsinChina.ActaPetroleiSinica,16(4):1—8.
刘和甫.1993.沉积盆地地球动力学分类及构造样式分析.地球科学,18(6):694—724.LiuHefu.1993.Geodynamicclassificationandstructuralstylesofsedimentarybasins.EarthScience,18(6):694—724.
刘和甫.1995.前陆盆地类型及褶皱—冲断层样式.地学前缘,2(3):59—68.LiuHefu.1995.Thebasintypesandfold thruststylesofforelandbasins.EarthScienceFrontiers,2(3):59—68.
刘和甫,梁慧社,蔡立国,夏义平,刘立群.1994.天山两侧前陆盆地冲断系构造样式与前陆盆地演化.地球科学,19(6):727—741.LiuHefu,LiangHuishe,CaiLiguo,XiaYipingandLiuLiqun.1994.EvolutionandstructuralstyleofTianshanandadjacentbasins,northwesternChina.EarthScience,19(6):727—741.
刘志宏,卢华复,李西建,贾承造,雷刚林,陈楚铭,王国强,范湘涛.2000.库车再生前陆盆地的构造演化.地质科学,35(4):482—492.LiuZhihong,LuHuafu,LiXijian,JiaChengzao,LeiGanglin,ChenChuming,WangGuoqiangandFanXiangtao.2000.TectonicevolutionofKuqarejuvenatedforelandbasin.ChineseJour.Geol.(formerly,ScientiaGeologicaSinica),35(4):482—492.
卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,贾 东,王国强,贾承造.2000.库车再生前陆逆冲带的构造特征与成因.石油学报,21(3):18—24.LuHuafu,ChenChuming,LiuZhihong,JiaDong,WangGuoqiangandJiaChengzao.2000.StructuralcharacteristicsandoriginofKuqareactivatedforelandthrustbelts.ActaPetroleiSinica,21(3):18—24.
吕修祥,金之钧,周新源,皮学军.2000.塔里木盆地库车坳陷与膏盐岩相关的油气聚集.石油勘探与开发,27(4):20—21.L櫣Xiuxiang,JinZhijun,ZhouXinyuanandPiXuejun.2000.OilandgasaccumulationrelatedtoevaporiterocksinKuqadepres sionofTarimbasin.PetroleumExplorationandDevelopment,27(4):20—21.
汤良杰.1996.塔里木盆地演化和构造样式.北京:地质出版社.1—136.TangLiangjie.1996.EvolutionandStructuralStylesoftheTarimBasin.Beijing:GeologicalPubl.House.1—136.
汪 新,贾承造,杨树锋.2002.南天山库车褶皱冲断带构造几何学和运动学.地质科学,37(3):372—384.WangXin,JiaChengzaoandYangShufeng.2002.GeometryandkinematicsoftheKuqafold and thrustbeltinthesouthernTian shan.ChineseJour.Geol.,37(3):372—384.
张朝军,田在艺.1998.塔里木盆地库车坳陷第三系盐构造与油气.石油学报,19(1):6—10.ZhangChaojunandTianZaiyi.1998.TheTertiarysaltstructuresandpetroleuminKuqadepression,Tarimbasin.ActaPetroleiSini ca,19(1):6—10.
张光亚,陈发景,汪新文.1994.塔北地区变形样式及其分布规律.地球科学,19(6):755—768.ZhangGuangya,ChenFajingandWangXinwen.1994.DeformationstylesanddistributionofthenorthernTarimbasin.EarthSci ence,19(6):755—768.
赵文智,许大丰,张朝军,张 研.1998.库车坳陷构造变形层序划分及在油气勘探中的意义.石油学报,19(3):1—5.ZhaoWenzhi,XuDafeng,ZhangChaojunandZhangYan.1998.DivisionofstructuraldeformedsequenceinKuchedepressionandsignificanceforoil gasexploration.ActaPetroleiSinica,19(3):1—5.
JiaDong,LuHuafu,CaiDongsheng,WuShimi,ShiYangshenandChenChuming.1998.StructuralfeaturesofnorthernTarimbasin:implicationsforregionaltectonicsandpetroleumtraps.AAPGBull.,82(1):147—159.
JacksonMPA .1995.Retrospectivesalttectonics.in:JacksonMPA ,RobertsDGandSnelsonS .eds.SaltTectonics:AGlobalPerspective.AAPGMemoir65.1—28.
LetouzeyJ,CollettaB ,ViallyRandChermetteJC .1995.Evolutionofsalt relatedstructuresincompressionalsettings.in:JacksonMPA ,RobertsDGandSnelsonS .eds.SaltTectonics:AGlobalPerspective.AAPGMemoir65.41—60.
McKnightCL .1993.StructuralStylesandTectonicSignificanceofTianshanFoothillFold thrustBelts,NorthwestChina(DoctoralDegreeThesis).Waco(Texas):BaylorUniversity.1—207.
NishidaiTandBerryJL .1990.Structureandhydrocarbonpot
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