地震沉积学在塔北哈拉哈塘地区古河道识别中的应用
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摘要
运用地震沉积学基本原理,借助高分辨率三维地震数据体,综合使用三维可视化、相干体解释、地层切片技术、地震分频与RGB混频等技术手段对哈拉哈塘地区某三维地震区的古河道进行识别和刻画。精细刻画出志留系底界面与奥陶系吐木休克组底界面2个重要沉积间断期发育的河道体系并总结其特征。研究结果表明:志留系底界面发育高曲度的稳定曲流河,而吐木休克组底界面发育典型的曲流河。两期河道发育期哈拉哈塘地区均处于相对平缓的地貌背景。通过古河道的识别可知:在吐木休克组沉积前该区域曾发生短暂暴露性沉积间断而非传统认识的直接发育的淹没台地型水下沉积间断,从而为吐木休克组底界面下发育的古岩溶储层提供更合理的成因背景解释。
According to the basic principle of seismic sedimentology,using high-resolution 3D seismic,comprehensively applying 3D visualization,coherence cube interpreting,stratigraphical slicing method,seismic frequency-decomposition and RGB frequency mixing,paleo-channels in Halahatang area were recognized.Characteristics of paleo-channels on the bottom of Silurian and Tumuxiuke formation of Ordovician were depicted.The results show that paleo-channels on the bottom of Silurian belong to stable meandering and ones in Tumuxiuke formation belong to meandering.Furthermore,they are both developed on the background of relatively gentle geomorphology.It is very important to recognize rivers developed on the bottom of Tumuxiuke formation.However,this sequence surface is exposure deposional break hiatus instead of subfluvial depositional break hiatus.So reasonable apprehension for karst reservoir developed below Tumuxiuke formation can be given.
According to the basic principle of seismic sedimentology,using high-resolution 3D seismic,comprehensively applying 3D visualization,coherence cube interpreting,stratigraphical slicing method,seismic frequency-decomposition and RGB frequency mixing,paleo-channels in Halahatang area were recognized.Characteristics of paleo-channels on the bottom of Silurian and Tumuxiuke formation of Ordovician were depicted.The results show that paleo-channels on the bottom of Silurian belong to stable meandering and ones in Tumuxiuke formation belong to meandering.Furthermore,they are both developed on the background of relatively gentle geomorphology.It is very important to recognize rivers developed on the bottom of Tumuxiuke formation.However,this sequence surface is exposure deposional break hiatus instead of subfluvial depositional break hiatus.So reasonable apprehension for karst reservoir developed below Tumuxiuke formation can be given.
引文
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[2]Zeng H L,Henry S C,Riola J P.St ratal slicing,part II:Real3D seismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[3]Zeng H L,Hentz T F.High-frequency sequence stratigraphyfrom seismic sedimentology:Applied to Miocene,VermilionBlock 50,Tiger Shoal area,Offshore Louisiana[J].AAPGBulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
[4]Schlager W.The future of applied sedimentary geology[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2000,70(1):229.
[5]Zeng H L,Ambrose W A.Seismic sedimentology and regionaldepositional systems in Mioceno Norte,LakeMaracaibo,Venezuela[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(11):1260-1269.
[6]Zeng H L,Hentz T F,Wood L J.Stratal slicing ofMiocene-Pliocene sediments in Vermilion Block 50,Tiger Shoalarea,Offshore Louisiana[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(4):408-418.
[7]Zeng H L,Loucks R G,Brown L F.Mapping sediment dispersalpatterns and associated systems tracts in fourth and fifth ordersequences using seismic sedimentology:Example from CorpusChristi Bay,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(7):981-1003.
[8]林承焰,张宪国.地震沉积学探讨[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(1):1140-1144.LIN Cheng-yan,ZHANG Xian-guo.The discussion of seismicsedimentology[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(1):1140-1144.
[9]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.地震沉积学的概念、方法和技术[J].沉积学报,2006,24(5):698-704.DONG Chun-mei,ZHANG Xian-guo,LIN Cheng-yan.Conception,method and technology of the seismicsedimentology[J].Acta Sedmentologica Sinica,2006,24(5):698-704.
[10]陆永潮,杜学斌,陈平,等.油气勘探的主要方法体系:地震沉积学研究[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(1):1-5.LU Yong-chao,DU Xue-bin,CHEN Ping,et al.Main methodssystem of fine petroleum exploration:Seismic sedimentology[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2008,30(1):1-5.
[11]崔海峰,郑多明.塔北隆起哈拉哈塘凹陷石油地质特征与油气勘探方向[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(2):54-60.CUI Hai-feng,ZHENG Duo-ming.Petroleum geologiccharacteristics and exploration orientation in Halahatangdepression of Tabei uplift[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(2):54-60.
[12]吕修祥,周新源,李建交,等.塔里木盆地塔北隆起碳酸盐岩油气成藏特点[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1057-1064.LU Xiu-xiang,ZHOU Xin-yuan,LI Jian-jiao,et al.Hydrocarbonaccumulation characteristics of the carbonate rock in theNorthern uplift of the Tarim basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(8):1057-1064.
[13]张军华,周振晓,谭明友,等.地震切片解释中的几个理论问题[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):348-352.ZHANG Jun-hua,ZHOU Zhen-xiao,Tan Ming-you,et al.Several theoretical issues about interpretation of seismic slices[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(3):348-352.
[14]赵爽,李仲东,许红梅.分频解释技术及其在陆相砂岩地层地震勘探中的应用分析[J].矿物岩石,2006,26(2):106-110.ZHAO Shuang,LI Zhong-dong,XU Hong-mei.Frequencydivision and the analyse of its application for sandstone ofcontinental faies in seismic prospecting[J].Journal ofMineralogy and Petrology,2006,26(2):106-110.
[15]Posamentier H,Ole M.The character and genesis of masstransport complexes:Geomorphology and processsedimentology from 3D seismic data[R].Houston:AAPGAnnual Convention,2004:11-24.
[16]Partyka G,Gridley J,Lopez J.Interpretational application ofspectral decomposition in reservoir characterization[J].TheLeading Edge,1999,18(3):353-360.
[17]毕俊凤,刘书会,陈学国,等.分频解释技术在桩106地区馆上段河道砂体描述中的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2003,10(5):38-40.BI Jun-feng,LIU Shu-hui,CHEN Xue-guo,et al.Using spectraldecomposition to describe channel sand bodies in upper guantaoformation of ZHUANG106 area[J].Petroleum Geology andRecovery Efficiency,2003,10(5):38-40.
[18]Rosgen D L.A classification of natural rivers[J].Catena,1994,22(3):169-199.
[19]刘静江,刘慧荣.塔里木盆地轮南奥陶系古潜山油气成藏与分布[J].地质科学,2004,39(4):532-542.LIU Jing-jiang,LIU Hui-rong.Reservoir characteristics anddistributions of the Ordovician buried hill reservoir in LUNAN,Tarim basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2004,39(4):532-542.
[20]何登发.不整合面的结构与油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(2):142-149.HE Deng-fa.Structure of unconformity and its control onhydrocarbon accumulation[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2007,34(2):142-149.
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