汶川强震区都江堰虹口小沟地震泥石流灾害调查研究
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摘要
汶川地震诱发了很多地震泥石流。通过对四川省都江堰市虹口乡小沟泥石流沟实地考察和室内实验数据分析,得出小沟泥石流暴发的主要原因是:(1)2008年5月12日汶川大地震导致大量山体滑坡,在四川省都江堰虹口乡小沟流域内大量滑坡体失去了原有稳定性但还没有滑动;(2)强降雨作用使滑坡体运动至沟道内,阻塞束窄沟道,后在洪水冲刷下溃决,暴发泥石流。目前小沟流域内还存在大量潜在滑坡,在强降雨作用下,很容易再次滑至沟道,并在洪水作用下启动形成泥石流,造成灾害。此类强震区泥石流的暴发具有一定的隐蔽性,事前不易被发觉,危险性更大。
A number of earthquake debris flows were caused by the Wenchuan earthquake.This paper discusses the characteristics and happening conditions of the typical sequential debris flows in the earthquake area.Through field observation of the Xiaogou gully basin located in Hongkou,Dujiangyan,Sichuan Province and laboratory experimental data analysis,it reaches the conclusion that first,many landslides were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008 and many potential landslides lost their balance in the earthquake but were not triggered in the Xiaogou gully basin.Second,the landslides were mainly triggered by heavy rainfalls.The channel was blocked by landslides and formed some dams and lakes.Heavy rainfall and floods broke these dams,formed strong floods,eroded the bed of the channel,and therefore formed debris flows.Right now,there are still many potential landslides in the Xiaogou gully basin.They are easily triggered by heavy rainfalls block the channel with the effect of flood,and finally form debris flows.Because of their potentiality and concealment,these debris flows in the Xiaogou gully are much more dangerous.
A number of earthquake debris flows were caused by the Wenchuan earthquake.This paper discusses the characteristics and happening conditions of the typical sequential debris flows in the earthquake area.Through field observation of the Xiaogou gully basin located in Hongkou,Dujiangyan,Sichuan Province and laboratory experimental data analysis,it reaches the conclusion that first,many landslides were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008 and many potential landslides lost their balance in the earthquake but were not triggered in the Xiaogou gully basin.Second,the landslides were mainly triggered by heavy rainfalls.The channel was blocked by landslides and formed some dams and lakes.Heavy rainfall and floods broke these dams,formed strong floods,eroded the bed of the channel,and therefore formed debris flows.Right now,there are still many potential landslides in the Xiaogou gully basin.They are easily triggered by heavy rainfalls block the channel with the effect of flood,and finally form debris flows.Because of their potentiality and concealment,these debris flows in the Xiaogou gully are much more dangerous.
引文
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[10]刘惠军,任光明.典型硬质岩区泥石流的发育研究[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):372-375.
[11]余斌,杨永红,苏永超,等.甘肃省舟曲8.7特大泥石流调查研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(4):437-444.
[12]DZ/T 0220-2006,泥石流灾害防治工程勘察规范[S].
[13]余斌.粘性泥石流的平均运动速度研究[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(5):524-532.
[14]张健楠,马煜,张惠惠,等.都江堰市虹口乡大干沟地震泥石流灾害研究[J].山地学报,2010,289(5):624-627.
[15]李丽,张健楠,马煜,等.地震区形成的堰塞湖对泥石流沟危险性的影响——以地震后汶川县茶园沟堰塞湖演化为例,待发表.
[16]王士革,范晓岭.低频率泥石流灾害及工程防治[J].山地学报,2006,24(5):562-568.
[2]钟敦伦.试论地震在泥石流活动中的作用[C]//全国泥石流学术会议论文集.成都:中国科学院成都地理研究所,1980:100-109.
[3]唐川,朱静,张翔瑞.GIS支持下的地震诱发滑坡危险区预测研究[J].地震研究,2001,24(1):73-81.
[4]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川“9.24”暴雨泥石流特征研[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):751-758.
[5]刘树根,罗志立,戴苏兰,等.龙门山冲断带的隆升和川西前陆盆地的沉降[J].地质学报,1995,69(3):205-214.
[6]朱平一,何子文,汪阳春,等.川藏公路典型山地灾害研究[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1999.
[7]游勇,柳金峰.汶川8级地震对岷江上游泥石流灾害防治的影响[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(增刊):16-22.
[8]台佳佳,邓建辉.汶川大地震中映秀-虹口地区的地表破裂[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):109-118.
[9]WFSD.汶川地震科钻遭受泥石流袭击[N/OL].(2009-07-26)[2009-10-05].http://www.wfsd.org/ViewInfo.as?Key=4ccea3161064506dda8e0c9fd416d1ae.
[10]刘惠军,任光明.典型硬质岩区泥石流的发育研究[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):372-375.
[11]余斌,杨永红,苏永超,等.甘肃省舟曲8.7特大泥石流调查研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(4):437-444.
[12]DZ/T 0220-2006,泥石流灾害防治工程勘察规范[S].
[13]余斌.粘性泥石流的平均运动速度研究[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(5):524-532.
[14]张健楠,马煜,张惠惠,等.都江堰市虹口乡大干沟地震泥石流灾害研究[J].山地学报,2010,289(5):624-627.
[15]李丽,张健楠,马煜,等.地震区形成的堰塞湖对泥石流沟危险性的影响——以地震后汶川县茶园沟堰塞湖演化为例,待发表.
[16]王士革,范晓岭.低频率泥石流灾害及工程防治[J].山地学报,2006,24(5):562-568.
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