多重水力断裂的分形扩张
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摘要
应用复杂性理论对于赣南脉钨矿床的著名“五层楼”式形态垂直分带进行研究 ,获得如下结果。 (1 )赣南脉钨矿床的“五层楼”式形态垂直分带是“多重水力断裂分形扩张”的结果。脉钨矿床的控矿多重断裂是一种以水力断裂为主导的热致与流体驱动断裂构造。脉钨矿床的自组织临界性是多重分形扩张之源 ,而中观破裂尖端周围流体静力学应力场梯度最大区则是分形扩张的驱动力。多重水力断裂的发生和发展是一种分形扩张过程 ,其演化服从串级“崩塌间断平衡”的时空分形生长动力学 ,与地震的Omori余震律相类似。 (2 )脉钨矿床“三环一帽”式的成矿地球化学分带是一种多组分成矿溶液的渗滤、溶解沉淀波结构 ,是成矿反应扩散系统中化学波的时空同步化传播而形成的目标斑图 ,是近平衡地质介质内 ,通过外界的“短暂局部激发”、继之以构造、岩浆和成矿脉动作用等“局部中断”而形成的径向对称、嵌套球状、远离平衡的局域化耗散结构 ,即脉动型自孤子。 (3)赣南脉钨矿床是近平衡区域地质背景中远离平衡的局域化耗散结构。赣南钨矿集区是复合自孤子的群集体。它们是在构造、岩浆多期次脉动条件下 ,来自①矿源层部分熔融的“区域提纯”、②岩浆期后成矿热液输运反应和③含钨地层、岩石淋滤交代的成矿物质 ,通过岩浆和热液孤
The author applies the theory of complexity to studying the famous “five-storeyed type” morphological vertical zonality of the vein-type tungsten ore deposits in southern Jiangxi Province and obtains the following results:(1) The “five-storeyed type” morphological vertical zonality of the vein-type tungsten ore deposits is the consequence of “fractal dilatation of multiple hydraulic fracturing”. The ore-controlling multiple fractures of the vein-type tungsten ore deposits are heat-induced and fluid-driven fractures dominated by hydraulic fracturing. The self-organized criticality of the vein-type tungsten ore deposits is the origin of multiple fractal dilatation, while the regions of the steepest gradients of hydrostatic stress field around the tip of mesoscopic cracks are the driven force of fractal dilatation. The onset and development of multiple hydraulic fracturing are a process of fractal dilatation, and its evolution complies with the spatio-temporal dynamics of fractal growth, similar to the Omori's well known law of aftershocks for earthquakes.(2) The “three rings-one cap type” geochemical zonality of ore formation for the vein-type tungsten ore deposits is an infiltration- dissolution- precipitation wave structure of multicomponent ore-forming solutions, and a target pattern formed by spatio-temporally synchronized propagation of chemical waves in ore-forming reaction-diffusion systems, as well as a radially symmetric, nested, spherically shaped, far-from-equilibrium localized dissipative structure, i.e. pulsating-type autosoliton formed by brief local excitation from external, succeeded by local breakdown of pulsation of structural, magmatic and ore-forming processes occurring in near-equilibrium geological media.(3) The vein-type tungsten ore deposits in Southern Jiangxi Province are far-from-equilibrium localized dissipative structures in near-equilibrium regional geological background. The tungsten metallogenic district of Southern Jiangxi Province is clusters of composite autosolitons, formed by propagation of magmatic and hydrothermal solitary waves of ore-forming materials for long distance under conditions of structural and magmatic pulsation of multiple stages. The ore-forming materials came from: ①“zone refining” from partial melting of source rocks of ore formation, ②transport-reaction of postmagmatic ore-forming hydrothermal solutions, and ③ infiltrative metasomatism of tungsten-containing strata.
The author applies the theory of complexity to studying the famous “five-storeyed type” morphological vertical zonality of the vein-type tungsten ore deposits in southern Jiangxi Province and obtains the following results:(1) The “five-storeyed type” morphological vertical zonality of the vein-type tungsten ore deposits is the consequence of “fractal dilatation of multiple hydraulic fracturing”. The ore-controlling multiple fractures of the vein-type tungsten ore deposits are heat-induced and fluid-driven fractures dominated by hydraulic fracturing. The self-organized criticality of the vein-type tungsten ore deposits is the origin of multiple fractal dilatation, while the regions of the steepest gradients of hydrostatic stress field around the tip of mesoscopic cracks are the driven force of fractal dilatation. The onset and development of multiple hydraulic fracturing are a process of fractal dilatation, and its evolution complies with the spatio-temporal dynamics of fractal growth, similar to the Omori's well known law of aftershocks for earthquakes.(2) The “three rings-one cap type” geochemical zonality of ore formation for the vein-type tungsten ore deposits is an infiltration- dissolution- precipitation wave structure of multicomponent ore-forming solutions, and a target pattern formed by spatio-temporally synchronized propagation of chemical waves in ore-forming reaction-diffusion systems, as well as a radially symmetric, nested, spherically shaped, far-from-equilibrium localized dissipative structure, i.e. pulsating-type autosoliton formed by brief local excitation from external, succeeded by local breakdown of pulsation of structural, magmatic and ore-forming processes occurring in near-equilibrium geological media.(3) The vein-type tungsten ore deposits in Southern Jiangxi Province are far-from-equilibrium localized dissipative structures in near-equilibrium regional geological background. The tungsten metallogenic district of Southern Jiangxi Province is clusters of composite autosolitons, formed by propagation of magmatic and hydrothermal solitary waves of ore-forming materials for long distance under conditions of structural and magmatic pulsation of multiple stages. The ore-forming materials came from: ①“zone refining” from partial melting of source rocks of ore formation, ②transport-reaction of postmagmatic ore-forming hydrothermal solutions, and ③ infiltrative metasomatism of tungsten-containing strata.
引文
[1] GUJuyun.Themorphologicalzonalityofvein typetungstenoredeposits[A].YUHongzhang.ProceedingsofSymposium forTungstenOreDeposits[C ].Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1981,3545(inChinese). [古菊云.华南脉钨矿床的形态分带[A].余鸿彰.钨矿地质讨论会论文集[C].北京:地质出版社,1981.3545.]
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[16] KOIDEH ,BHATTACHARJIS .Formationoffracturesaroundmagmaticintrusionsandtheirroleinorelocalization[J].Eco nomicGeology,1975,70:781799.
[17] KNAPPRB ,KNIGHTJE .Differentialthermalexpansionofporefluids:Fracturepropagationandmicroearthquakeproduc tioninhotplutonenvironments[J].JournalofGeophysicalRe search,1977,82(17):25152522.
[18] KNAPPRB ,NORTOND .Preliminarynumericalanalysisofprocessesrelatedtomagmacrystallizationandstressevolutionincoolingplutonenvironments[J].AmerJSci,1981,281:3568.
[19] LISTERJR .Buoyancy drivenfluidfracture:Theeffectsofma terialtoughnessandoflow viscosity precursors[J].JFluidMech,1990,210:263280.
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[21] XIAHongyuan.ThetungstenoredepositsinHuangsha,JiangxiProvince[A ].CHENYuchuan,PEIRongfu,ZHANGHongliang,etal.TheGeologyofNon ferrousandRareMetalDepositsRelatedtoMesozoicGranitoidsinNanlingRegion[M ].Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1989.87101(inChinese). [夏宏远.江西黄沙钨矿床[A ].陈毓川,裴荣富,张宏良,等.南岭地区与中生代花岗岩类有关的有色及稀有金属矿床地质[M ].北京:地质出版社,1989.87101.]
[22] LIHui,HEHouqiang,ZHANGXiping,etal.TheGeochemi calAnomalyPatternsandGeochemicalProspectingCriteriaofVeinTypeTungstenOreDepositsinSouthernJiangxiProvince[R].BeijingInstituteofMineralResourcesandGeology,HeadOfficeofNonFerrousMetalsIndustry;TheSecondTeamofCompanyofGeologyandProspectinJiangxiProvince,1984(inChinese). [李惠,何厚强,张西平,等.赣南脉状钨矿床的地球化学异常模式及地球化学预测标志[R].中国有色金属工业总公司北京矿产地质研究所,江西地质勘探公司二队,1984.]
[23] BAGDASSAROVNS ,FRADKOVAS .Evolutionofdoublediffusiveconvectioninafelsicmagmachamber[J].JVolcanolGeothermRes,1993,54:291308.
[24] MUZhiguo,etal.Thestudyofcarbon,hydrogenandoxygenstableisotopesof quartzvein typetungstenoredepositsinPiaotangXihuashan,JiangxiProvince[A ].YUHongzhang.ProceedingsofSymposiumforTungstenOreDeposits[C].Bei jing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1981.153169(inChinese). [穆治国,等.漂塘西华山石英脉型钨矿床碳、氢和氧稳定同位素研究[A].余?
[2] EMMONSWH .Onthemechanismofthedepositionofcertainmetalliferouslodesystemsassociatedwithgraniticbatholiths[A ].OreDepositsoftheWesternStates[M ].NewYork:Amer.Inst.MiningEngineers,1933.327349.
[3] EMMONSWH .OreDepositsoftheWorld[M ].McGrawHillBookCompany,1937.562.
[4] EMMONSWH .ThePrinciplesofEconomicGeology[M ].2nded.McGrawHillBookCompany,1940.562.
[5] ANDERSONEM .Thedynamicsoftheformationofconesheets,ring dykesandcauldronsubsidences[J].RoyalSocEdinburghProc,1936,56:128157.
[6] ANDERSONEM .Thedynamicsofsheetintrusion[J].RoyalSocEdinburghProc,1938,58:242251.
[7] ANDERSONEM .TheDynamicsofFaulting[M ].2nded.Edinburgh:OliverandBoyd,1951.206.
[8] TERZAGHIKV .TheoreticalSoilMechanics[M ].Wiley,1943.
[9] HUBBERTMK ,WILLISDG .Mechanicsofhydraulicfrac turing[J].TransAmInstMechEngrs,1957,210:153168.
[10] HUBBERTMK ,RUBEYWW .Roleoffluidpressureinthemechanicsofoverthrustfaulting[J].BullGeolSocAmer,1959,70:115166.
[11] SECORDTJr.Roleoffluidpressureinjointing[J].AmerJourSci,1965,263:633646.
[12] PHILLIPSWJ .Hydraulicfracturingandmineralization[J].QuarterlyJGeolSocLondon,1972,128:337359.
[13] BURNHAMCW .Hydrothermalfluidsatthemagmaticstage[A].BARNESHL .GeochemistryofHydrothermalOreDe posits[M ].Holt,RinehartandWinston,Inc.,1967.3476.
[14] BURNHAMCW .Magmasandhydrothermalfluids[A ].BARNESHL .GeochemistryofHydrothermalOreDeposits[M ].2nded.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,1979.71136.
[15] BURNHAMCW ,OHMOTOH .Late stageprocessesoffelsicmagmatism[A].ISHIHARAS ,TAKENOUCHIS .GraniticMagmatismandRelatedMineralization[M ].TheSocietyofMiningGeologistsofJapan,1980.
[16] KOIDEH ,BHATTACHARJIS .Formationoffracturesaroundmagmaticintrusionsandtheirroleinorelocalization[J].Eco nomicGeology,1975,70:781799.
[17] KNAPPRB ,KNIGHTJE .Differentialthermalexpansionofporefluids:Fracturepropagationandmicroearthquakeproduc tioninhotplutonenvironments[J].JournalofGeophysicalRe search,1977,82(17):25152522.
[18] KNAPPRB ,NORTOND .Preliminarynumericalanalysisofprocessesrelatedtomagmacrystallizationandstressevolutionincoolingplutonenvironments[J].AmerJSci,1981,281:3568.
[19] LISTERJR .Buoyancy drivenfluidfracture:Theeffectsofma terialtoughnessandoflow viscosity precursors[J].JFluidMech,1990,210:263280.
[20] HEIDRICKTL ,TITLEYSR .FractureanddikepatternsinLaramidePlutonsandtheirstructureandtectonicimplications,AmericanSouthwest[A].TITLEYSR .AdvancesinGeologyofthePorphyryCopperDeposits,SouthwesternNorthAmerica[M ].TheUniversityofArizonaPress,1982.7392.
[21] XIAHongyuan.ThetungstenoredepositsinHuangsha,JiangxiProvince[A ].CHENYuchuan,PEIRongfu,ZHANGHongliang,etal.TheGeologyofNon ferrousandRareMetalDepositsRelatedtoMesozoicGranitoidsinNanlingRegion[M ].Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1989.87101(inChinese). [夏宏远.江西黄沙钨矿床[A ].陈毓川,裴荣富,张宏良,等.南岭地区与中生代花岗岩类有关的有色及稀有金属矿床地质[M ].北京:地质出版社,1989.87101.]
[22] LIHui,HEHouqiang,ZHANGXiping,etal.TheGeochemi calAnomalyPatternsandGeochemicalProspectingCriteriaofVeinTypeTungstenOreDepositsinSouthernJiangxiProvince[R].BeijingInstituteofMineralResourcesandGeology,HeadOfficeofNonFerrousMetalsIndustry;TheSecondTeamofCompanyofGeologyandProspectinJiangxiProvince,1984(inChinese). [李惠,何厚强,张西平,等.赣南脉状钨矿床的地球化学异常模式及地球化学预测标志[R].中国有色金属工业总公司北京矿产地质研究所,江西地质勘探公司二队,1984.]
[23] BAGDASSAROVNS ,FRADKOVAS .Evolutionofdoublediffusiveconvectioninafelsicmagmachamber[J].JVolcanolGeothermRes,1993,54:291308.
[24] MUZhiguo,etal.Thestudyofcarbon,hydrogenandoxygenstableisotopesof quartzvein typetungstenoredepositsinPiaotangXihuashan,JiangxiProvince[A ].YUHongzhang.ProceedingsofSymposiumforTungstenOreDeposits[C].Bei jing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1981.153169(inChinese). [穆治国,等.漂塘西华山石英脉型钨矿床碳、氢和氧稳定同位素研究[A].余?
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