小波域相关算法在随钻地震信号处理中的应用
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摘要
因钻头振动能量弱、井场噪音能量强等因素使得随钻地震信噪比很低,时域互相关算法无法有效提取子波时延信息,基于此特点,提出小波变换域多次互相关算法,将参考道和其他接收道分别进行小波变换,将参考道时频信息与其他道时频信息进行互相关,得到接收道相对于参考道的时延,提取直达波和反射波信息。数值模拟和现场实验均表明:相对于传统的互相关技术,小波变换域多次互相关算法能在低信噪比下,检测随钻地震子波时延,有效提取了直达波或反射波信息,更好地压制了噪声。
Due to the low vibration energy of drill-bit and the high energy of rig noise along with some other reasons,conventional cross-correlation can not extract the information effectively.Put forward wavelet transform domain correlation algorithm,reference channel and receiving channel was done by wavelet transform respectively,and the delay information was detected by cross-correlation of time-frequency information,and then,the direct wave or the reflected wave information was extracted.Numerical simulation and field experiments show that,compared with the traditional cross-correlation technique,the wavelet transform correlation algorithm has a better ability to suppress the noise,and detect the wave delay of SWD information accurately and clearly.
Due to the low vibration energy of drill-bit and the high energy of rig noise along with some other reasons,conventional cross-correlation can not extract the information effectively.Put forward wavelet transform domain correlation algorithm,reference channel and receiving channel was done by wavelet transform respectively,and the delay information was detected by cross-correlation of time-frequency information,and then,the direct wave or the reflected wave information was extracted.Numerical simulation and field experiments show that,compared with the traditional cross-correlation technique,the wavelet transform correlation algorithm has a better ability to suppress the noise,and detect the wave delay of SWD information accurately and clearly.
引文
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[17]ISA Yesilyurt.End mill breakage detection using mean frequencyanalysis of scalogram[J].Machine Tools&Manufacture,2006,46:450-458.
[2]董守华,马彦良,周明.煤层厚度与振幅、频率地震属性的正演模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(1):29-32.Dong Shouhua,Ma Yanliang,Zhou Ming.Forward modeling of rela-tionship between coal seam thickness and seismic attributes of ampli-tude and frequency[J].Journal of China University of Mining andTechnology,2004,33(1):29-32.
[3]杨秋芬,石显新.探地雷达信号直达波的去除[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(7):771-774.Yang Qiufen,Shi Xianxin.Removing for the direct wave noise inground penetrating radar[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(7):771-774.
[4]Malusa M,Poletto F,Miranda F.Prediction ahead of the bit by usingdrill-bit pilot signals and reverse vertical seismic profiling(RSVP)[J].Geophysics,2002,67:1169-1176.
[5]Rector J W.Utilization of drill-bit vibrations as a downhole seismicsource[D].Stanford:Stanford University,1990.
[6]周洁玲,成世琦.反褶积与信噪比的关系研究[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2002,17(4):24-27.Zhou Jieling,Cheng Shiqi.Study on the relationship between decon-volution and signal-to-noise ratio[J].Journal of Xi’an PetroleumInstitute Edition(Natural Science),2002,17(4):24-27.
[7]于茜.利用VSP子波替换提高地面地震资料的分辨率[J].物探与化探,2010,34(4):546-548.Yu Xi.The enhancement of the resolution of surface seismic data byusing wavelet of VSP replacement method[J].Geophysical and Geo-chemical Exploration,2010,34(4):546-548.
[8]Flavio Poletto,Massimo Malusa,Francesco Miranda,et al.Seismic-while-drilling by using dual sensors in drill strings[J].Geophysics,2004,69(5):1261-1271.
[9]Giancarlo Bernasconi,Diego Rovetta.Estimation of bit position andvelocity model while drilling[A].SEG/San Antonio Annual Meeting[C].San Antonio:Society of Exploration Geoplysicitst,2007.
[10]崔士波,葛洪魁,陆斌,等.钻柱振动信号特征及多次波成像[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2):714-720.Cui Shibo,Ge Hongkui,Lu Bin,et al.Featrues of drill string vibra-tion signal and multiples imaging[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(2):714-720.
[11]Wu Y,Han D,Li X.Time-frequency decomposition based on rickerwavelet[A].Expanded Abstracts of 74th SEG Ann.Intl.Mtg.[C].2004:1937-1940.
[12]Tabaru T,Shin S.Relation between spectrum density and wavelettransform of correlation function[J].Trans.of SICE,2003,39(5):425-431.
[13]陆斌,葛洪魁,吴何珍,等.利用相关域小波变换进行SWD资料预处理[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(9):2349-2356.Lu Bin,Ge Hongkui,Wu Hezhen,et al.SWD data preprocessingusing wavelet transfrom of correlation domain[J].Chinese Journalof Geophysics,2009,52(9):2349-2356.
[14]Tabaru T,Shin S.Relation between wavelet transform of correlationfunction and spectrum density[J].Trans.of SICE,2004,40(1):25-32.
[15]蒋忠进,邱小军,林君,等.小波变换回波提取在可控震源地震信号处理中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):687-691.Jiang Zhongjin,Qiu Xiaojun,Lin Jun,et al.Echo wavelet transformextraction and its application in the vibrator seismic signal process-ing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(6):687-691.
[16]张志刚,周晓军,宫燃,等.基于复Morlet小波的汽车主减速器故障特征提取[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(11):192-195.Zhang Zhigang,Zhou Xiaojun,Gong Ran,et al.Based on the com-plex morletwavelet feature extraction of the car main gear malfunc-tion[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Ma-chinery,2008,39(11):192-195.
[17]ISA Yesilyurt.End mill breakage detection using mean frequencyanalysis of scalogram[J].Machine Tools&Manufacture,2006,46:450-458.
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