注水诱发地震序列的震源机制变化特征:以四川长宁序列为例
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摘要
2006年4月以来,四川长宁、兴文、珙县交界区域相继出现注水诱发地震活动,至2013年4月30日共发生ML4.0以上地震16次,最大为2013年4月25日ML5.2地震.通过采用体波谱振幅相关系数方法研究长宁注水诱发地震序列ML3.0以上地震震源机制变化过程,结果显示序列震源机制散乱;利用CAP方法计算了序列中ML4.0以上12次地震的震源机制解,结果同样表明其机制紊乱.分析认为:钻孔加压注水引起附近岩体的孔隙压力增大及先存断层面的摩擦系数减小,这2种变化均导致库仑应力变化Δσf增大,从而促进地震的发生.因此,注水诱发地震活动期间,研究区构造应力场的应力强度无明显增强,对破裂方向也无明显的约束作用,故地震序列震源机制发散.
Earthquakes induced by water injection appeared in the border area of Changning,Xingwen and Gongxian counties,Sichuan Province since April,2006.Up to April 30,2013,16 ML≥4.0earthquakes occurred and the maximum is ML=5.2on April 25,2013.In this paper,the earthquake focal mechanism changing process of Changning ML≥3.0earthquake sequence is studied by calculating correlation coefficient of body wave spectral amplitudes,and the results show that focal mechanisms of sequence events are scattering,furthermore,12 ML≥4.0earthquakesfocal mechanisms are calculated by CAP method and they are in disorder also.The following analyses believe that water injection causes the pore pressure of rock body increasing as well as the friction coefficients of pre-existing fault planes decreasing,and those 2factors lead to Coulomb stress changeΔσfincreasing,thus induce earthquakesoccurrence.Therefore,the earthquakes induced by water injection occur without obvious enhancement of regional tectonic stress intensity,and there are no obvious restraining effects on the rupture directions of the earthquakes.As a result,the focal mechanisms of those earthquakes appear scattering.
Earthquakes induced by water injection appeared in the border area of Changning,Xingwen and Gongxian counties,Sichuan Province since April,2006.Up to April 30,2013,16 ML≥4.0earthquakes occurred and the maximum is ML=5.2on April 25,2013.In this paper,the earthquake focal mechanism changing process of Changning ML≥3.0earthquake sequence is studied by calculating correlation coefficient of body wave spectral amplitudes,and the results show that focal mechanisms of sequence events are scattering,furthermore,12 ML≥4.0earthquakesfocal mechanisms are calculated by CAP method and they are in disorder also.The following analyses believe that water injection causes the pore pressure of rock body increasing as well as the friction coefficients of pre-existing fault planes decreasing,and those 2factors lead to Coulomb stress changeΔσfincreasing,thus induce earthquakesoccurrence.Therefore,the earthquakes induced by water injection occur without obvious enhancement of regional tectonic stress intensity,and there are no obvious restraining effects on the rupture directions of the earthquakes.As a result,the focal mechanisms of those earthquakes appear scattering.
引文
Cui,Z.J.,Li,Z.X.,Chen,Z.L.,et al.,2012.A Study on theNew Method for Determining Small Earthquake Sequence Type—Correlation Analysis of Spectral Amplitude.Chinese J.Geophys.,55(5):1718-1724(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cun,S.C.,Shi,Y.J.,Chen,H.B.,1996.A Synthesis Study ofDrill and Geophysical Operations for the ShuangheRock Salt Mining Area.Journal of Chengdu Instituteof Technology,23(1):100-104(in Chinese with English abstract).
Diao,G.L.,Zhang,D.Y.,Zhao,G.M.,1982.Preliminary Studyon Water Injection Earthquake of Renqiu Oil-Field.Northwestern Seismological Journal,4(3):89-95(inChinese with English abstract).
Diao,S.Z.,Jiang,H.K.,Xu,X.Y.,1990.The Evolution andMechanism of Earthquake Sequences Induced by WaterInjection in Jiao 7 Oil Well of Shengli Oil Field,Shandong Province.Acta Seismologica Sinica,12(4):399-406(in Chinese with English abstract).
Diao,S.Z.,Zhou,H.P.,Guo,A.X.,1987.Induced Earthquakesby Injecting and Leaking Water in Jiao 7 Oil Well,Shandong Province—Characteristics of the Focal Parameters and Earthquake Sequences.Seismology andGeology,9(3):84-89(in Chinese with English abstract).
Healy,J.H.,Rubey,W.W.,Griggs,D.T.,et al.,1968.TheDenver Earthquakes.Science,161(3848):1301-1310.doi:10.2307/1725684
Lei,X.L.,Yu,G.Z.,Ma,S.L.,et al.,2008.Earthquakes Induced by Water Injection at-3km Depth within theRongchang Gas Field,Chongqing,China.J.Geophys.Res.,113(B10):310.doi:10.1029/2008JB005604
Li,X.,Dong,X.,Liu,X.Q.,et al.,2010.Study on the FocalMechanism Changing Process in Earthquake Concentrating Area Using Correlation Coefficient of Body-WaveSpectral Amplitudes.Northwestern SeismologicalJournal,32(3):231-236(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,Z.M.,Liu,D.W.,Xia,S.A.,2010.The Application ofCorrelation Coefficient of Body-Wave Spectral Amplitudes in the Tendency Determination after the FeidongEarthquake Sequence.Seismological and GeomagneticObservation and Research,31(5):13-16(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Long,F.,Du,F.,Ruan,X.,et al.,2010.Water Injection Triggered Earthquakes in the Zigong Mineral Wells inETAS Model.Earthquake Research in China,26(2):164-171(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lund,B.,Bvarsson,R.,2002.Correlation of Microearthquake Body-Wave Spectral Amplitudes.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Amer.,92(6):2419-2433.doi:10.1785/0119990156
Ruan,X.,Cheng,W.Z.,Zhang,Y.J.,et al.,2008.Research ofthe Earthquake Induced by Water Injections in SaltMines in Changning,Sichuan.Earthquake Research inChina,24(3):226-234(in Chinese with English abstract).
Stein,R.S.,1999.The Role of Stress Transfer in EarthquakeOccurrence.Nature,402(9):605-609.doi:10.1038/45144
Wei,B.L.,Guo,Q.H.,Li,C.Q.,et al.,1999.The Cause of theSanshui Earthquakes.Earthquake Research in China,15(3):247-256(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,P.X.,2012.On Several Problems Focused on Rock SaltMine Water Dissolve Mining.China Salt,(6):54-56(in Chinese).
Zhao,L.S.,Helmberger,D.V.,1994.Source Estimation fromBroadband Regional Seismograms.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Amer.,84(1):91-104.
Zhang,Z.W.,Cheng,W.Z.,Liang,M.J.,et al.,2012.Study onEarthquakes Induced by Water Injection in ZigongLongchang Area,Sichuan.Chinese J.Geophys.,55(5):1635-1645(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng,J.C.,Lü,Z.Q.,Xu,P.,et al.,2013.Analyses and Discussion on Mechanism of Clustered Microearthquakesin Puyang,Henan Province.Earthquake Research inChina,29(1):11-25(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,H.,Liu,J.,Chen,T.C.,2006.Study on the ChangingProcess of Earthquake Sequences Focal MechanismsUsing Correlation Coefficient of Body-Wave SpectralAmplitudes.Earthquake,26(2):1-11(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Zhu,L.X.,Huang,S.Y.,Wei,H.M.,2007.On Fluid-InjectionInduced Earthquake in Rongchang Area.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,27(6):86-90(in Chinesewith English abstract).
崔子健,李志雄,陈章立,等,2012.判别小震群序列类型的新方法研究———谱振幅相关分析法.地球物理学报,55(5):1718-1724.
寸树苍,石应骏,陈华玢,1996.四川双河岩盐矿区钻探、物探综合研究.成都理工学院学报,23(1):100-104.
刁桂苓,张德元,赵根模,1982.任邱油田注水地震的初步研究.西北地震学报,4(3):89-95.
刁守中,蒋海昆,徐学炎,1990.山东胜利油田角07井注水地震序列的演化及其机制.地震学报,12(4):399-406.
刁守中,周焕鹏,郭爱香,1987.山东角07井注(漏)水诱发地震-震源参数与地震序列特征.地震地质,9(3):84-89.
李霞,董翔,刘希强,等,2010.采用体波谱振幅相关系数方法研究地震集中区震源机制变化过程.西北地震学报,32(3):231-236.
刘泽民,刘东旺,夏仕安,2010.体波谱振幅相关系数法在肥东地震序列震后判定中的应用.地震地磁观测与研究,31(5):13-16.
龙锋,杜方,阮祥,等,2010.用ETAS模型分析自贡矿井注水触发地震.中国地震,26(2):164-171.
阮祥,程万正,张永久,等,2008.四川长宁盐矿井注水诱发地震研究.中国地震,24(3):226-234.
魏柏林,郭钦华,李纯清,等,1999.论三水地震的成因.中国地震,15(3):247-256.
续培信,2012.关于岩盐矿山水溶开采注重的几个问题.中国盐业,(6):54-56.
张致伟,程万正,梁明剑,等,2012.四川自贡-隆昌地区注水诱发地震研究.地球物理学报,55(5):1635-1645.
郑建常,吕子强,许萍,等,2013.濮阳小震集中区发震机理分析与讨论.中国地震,29(1):11-25.
朱航,刘杰,陈天长,2006.采用体波谱振幅相关系数方法研究地震序列的震源机制变化过程.地震,26(2):1-11.
朱丽霞,黄世源,魏红梅,2007.荣昌地区注水地震研究.大地测量与地球动力学,27(6):86-90.
Cun,S.C.,Shi,Y.J.,Chen,H.B.,1996.A Synthesis Study ofDrill and Geophysical Operations for the ShuangheRock Salt Mining Area.Journal of Chengdu Instituteof Technology,23(1):100-104(in Chinese with English abstract).
Diao,G.L.,Zhang,D.Y.,Zhao,G.M.,1982.Preliminary Studyon Water Injection Earthquake of Renqiu Oil-Field.Northwestern Seismological Journal,4(3):89-95(inChinese with English abstract).
Diao,S.Z.,Jiang,H.K.,Xu,X.Y.,1990.The Evolution andMechanism of Earthquake Sequences Induced by WaterInjection in Jiao 7 Oil Well of Shengli Oil Field,Shandong Province.Acta Seismologica Sinica,12(4):399-406(in Chinese with English abstract).
Diao,S.Z.,Zhou,H.P.,Guo,A.X.,1987.Induced Earthquakesby Injecting and Leaking Water in Jiao 7 Oil Well,Shandong Province—Characteristics of the Focal Parameters and Earthquake Sequences.Seismology andGeology,9(3):84-89(in Chinese with English abstract).
Healy,J.H.,Rubey,W.W.,Griggs,D.T.,et al.,1968.TheDenver Earthquakes.Science,161(3848):1301-1310.doi:10.2307/1725684
Lei,X.L.,Yu,G.Z.,Ma,S.L.,et al.,2008.Earthquakes Induced by Water Injection at-3km Depth within theRongchang Gas Field,Chongqing,China.J.Geophys.Res.,113(B10):310.doi:10.1029/2008JB005604
Li,X.,Dong,X.,Liu,X.Q.,et al.,2010.Study on the FocalMechanism Changing Process in Earthquake Concentrating Area Using Correlation Coefficient of Body-WaveSpectral Amplitudes.Northwestern SeismologicalJournal,32(3):231-236(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,Z.M.,Liu,D.W.,Xia,S.A.,2010.The Application ofCorrelation Coefficient of Body-Wave Spectral Amplitudes in the Tendency Determination after the FeidongEarthquake Sequence.Seismological and GeomagneticObservation and Research,31(5):13-16(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Long,F.,Du,F.,Ruan,X.,et al.,2010.Water Injection Triggered Earthquakes in the Zigong Mineral Wells inETAS Model.Earthquake Research in China,26(2):164-171(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lund,B.,Bvarsson,R.,2002.Correlation of Microearthquake Body-Wave Spectral Amplitudes.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Amer.,92(6):2419-2433.doi:10.1785/0119990156
Ruan,X.,Cheng,W.Z.,Zhang,Y.J.,et al.,2008.Research ofthe Earthquake Induced by Water Injections in SaltMines in Changning,Sichuan.Earthquake Research inChina,24(3):226-234(in Chinese with English abstract).
Stein,R.S.,1999.The Role of Stress Transfer in EarthquakeOccurrence.Nature,402(9):605-609.doi:10.1038/45144
Wei,B.L.,Guo,Q.H.,Li,C.Q.,et al.,1999.The Cause of theSanshui Earthquakes.Earthquake Research in China,15(3):247-256(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,P.X.,2012.On Several Problems Focused on Rock SaltMine Water Dissolve Mining.China Salt,(6):54-56(in Chinese).
Zhao,L.S.,Helmberger,D.V.,1994.Source Estimation fromBroadband Regional Seismograms.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Amer.,84(1):91-104.
Zhang,Z.W.,Cheng,W.Z.,Liang,M.J.,et al.,2012.Study onEarthquakes Induced by Water Injection in ZigongLongchang Area,Sichuan.Chinese J.Geophys.,55(5):1635-1645(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng,J.C.,Lü,Z.Q.,Xu,P.,et al.,2013.Analyses and Discussion on Mechanism of Clustered Microearthquakesin Puyang,Henan Province.Earthquake Research inChina,29(1):11-25(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,H.,Liu,J.,Chen,T.C.,2006.Study on the ChangingProcess of Earthquake Sequences Focal MechanismsUsing Correlation Coefficient of Body-Wave SpectralAmplitudes.Earthquake,26(2):1-11(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Zhu,L.X.,Huang,S.Y.,Wei,H.M.,2007.On Fluid-InjectionInduced Earthquake in Rongchang Area.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,27(6):86-90(in Chinesewith English abstract).
崔子健,李志雄,陈章立,等,2012.判别小震群序列类型的新方法研究———谱振幅相关分析法.地球物理学报,55(5):1718-1724.
寸树苍,石应骏,陈华玢,1996.四川双河岩盐矿区钻探、物探综合研究.成都理工学院学报,23(1):100-104.
刁桂苓,张德元,赵根模,1982.任邱油田注水地震的初步研究.西北地震学报,4(3):89-95.
刁守中,蒋海昆,徐学炎,1990.山东胜利油田角07井注水地震序列的演化及其机制.地震学报,12(4):399-406.
刁守中,周焕鹏,郭爱香,1987.山东角07井注(漏)水诱发地震-震源参数与地震序列特征.地震地质,9(3):84-89.
李霞,董翔,刘希强,等,2010.采用体波谱振幅相关系数方法研究地震集中区震源机制变化过程.西北地震学报,32(3):231-236.
刘泽民,刘东旺,夏仕安,2010.体波谱振幅相关系数法在肥东地震序列震后判定中的应用.地震地磁观测与研究,31(5):13-16.
龙锋,杜方,阮祥,等,2010.用ETAS模型分析自贡矿井注水触发地震.中国地震,26(2):164-171.
阮祥,程万正,张永久,等,2008.四川长宁盐矿井注水诱发地震研究.中国地震,24(3):226-234.
魏柏林,郭钦华,李纯清,等,1999.论三水地震的成因.中国地震,15(3):247-256.
续培信,2012.关于岩盐矿山水溶开采注重的几个问题.中国盐业,(6):54-56.
张致伟,程万正,梁明剑,等,2012.四川自贡-隆昌地区注水诱发地震研究.地球物理学报,55(5):1635-1645.
郑建常,吕子强,许萍,等,2013.濮阳小震集中区发震机理分析与讨论.中国地震,29(1):11-25.
朱航,刘杰,陈天长,2006.采用体波谱振幅相关系数方法研究地震序列的震源机制变化过程.地震,26(2):1-11.
朱丽霞,黄世源,魏红梅,2007.荣昌地区注水地震研究.大地测量与地球动力学,27(6):86-90.
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