南海北部大陆边缘深水环境的沉积物波
摘要
利用南海北部数万公里的多道地震剖面、3.5kHz单道地震剖面、重力活塞柱状样以及精细地形地貌,发现南海北部大陆边缘的深水环境发育有浊流、等深流(底流)、沉积变形等三种单一成因的沉积物波波域,以及复合成因的沉积物波波域,且勾勒了各沉积物波波域的空间分布.并发现,不同类型或同一类型但不同位置的波域其规模差异悬殊、波形特征也千差万别.这种差异背后隐藏着各自独特的成因机制和地理背景,也蕴涵了南海封闭性较强的这一特点所致的等深流循环的、不同于开阔大洋环境的独特性.
引文
1)王海荣,王英民,邱燕,等.南海东北部北吕宋海槽的浊流沉积物波的发育史和背景控制因素.待发表
2)王海荣,王英民,等,南海深水等深流循环的形成和格架.待发表
1)见第1236页脚注2)
2)王海荣,王英民,邱燕,等.南海北部大陆边缘深水陆坡的地貌形态与其控制因素.待发表
1)见第1239页脚注2)
2)见第1236页脚注2)
1Faug埁res JC,Stow DAV,Imbert P,et al.Seismic features diag-nostic of contourite drifts.Marine Geology,1999,162:1—38
2Habgood EL,Kenyon NH,Masson DG,et al.Deep-water sedi-ment wave fields,bottomcurrent sand chnnels and gravity flow channel-lobe systems:Gulf of Cadiz,NE Atlantic.Sedimentolo-gy,2003,50:483—510
3Knutz PC,Jones EJ W,Howe JA,et al.Wave-form sheeted contourite drift on the Barra Fan,NW UK continental margin.In:Stow DAV,Pudsey CJ,Howe JA,eds.Deep-Water Cont-ourite Systems:Modern Drifts and Ancient Seires,Seismic and Sedimentary Characteristics.Geological Society,London,Memoirs,2002,22:85—97
4Flood RD,Shor AN,Manley PD.Morphology of abyssal mud-waves at Project MUDWAVES sites in the Argentine Basin.Deep-Sea Research,1993,40:859—888
5Lom-Keil H,SpieβV,Hopfauf V.Fine-grained sediment waves on the western flank of the Zapiola Drift,Argentine Basin:Evi-dence for variationsin Late Quaternarybottomflowactivity.Ma-rine Geology,2002,192:239—258
6Ballard JA.Structure of the lower continental rise hills of the western North Atlantic.Geophysics,1966,31:506—523
7Fox PJ,Heezen BC,Harian AM.Abyssal anti-dunes.Nature,1968,220:470—472
8Hollister CD,et al.Abyssal furrows and hyperbolic echo traces on the Bahama Outer Ridge:Geology,1974,2:395—400
9Wynn RB,Masson DG,Stow DAV,et al.The Northwest Afri-can slope apron:a modern analogue for deep-water systems with complex seafloor topography.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17:253—265
10Séranne M,NzéAbeigne CR.Oligocene to Holocene sediment drifts and bottomcurrents onthe slope of Gabon continental mar-gin(west Africa)Consequences for sedimentation and southeast Atlantic upwelling.Sedimentary Geology,1999,128:179—199
11Wynn RB,Piper DJ W,Gee MJR.Generation and migration of coarse-grained sediment waves in turbidity current channels and channel-lobe transition zones.Marine Geology,2002,192:59—78
12Migeon S,Savoye B,Zanella E,et al.Detailed seismic-reflection and sedimentary study of turbidite sediment waves on the Var Sedimentary Ridge(SE France):Significance for sediment trans-port and deposition and for the mechanisms of sediment-wave construction.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2001,18:179—208
13Normark WR,Hess GR,Stow DAV,et al.Sediment waves on the Monterey Fan levee:A preliminary physical interpretation.Marine Geology,1980,37:1—18
14Normark WR,Piper DJ W,Posamentier H,et al.Variability in formand growth of sediment waves on turbidite channel levees.Marine Geology,2002,192:23—58
15Khripounoff A,Vangriesheim A,Babonneau N,et al.Direct observation of intense turbidity current activity in the Zaire sub-marine valley at4000m water depth.Marine Geology,2003,194:151—158
16Ercilla G,Alonso B,Wynn RB,et al.Turbidity current sedi-ment waves on irregular slopes:Observations fromthe Orinoco sediment-wave field.Marine Geology,2002,192:171—187
17Kenyon NH,Belderson RH,Stride AH.Channels,canyons and slump folds on the continental slope between South-West Ireland and Spain.Oceanology Acta,1978,1:369—380
18Faug埁res JC,Gonthier E,Mulder T,et al.Multi-process gener-ated sediment waves on the Landes Plateau(Bay of Biscay,North Atlantic).Marine Geology,2002,182:279—302
19Gao ZZ,Eriksson KA.Internal-tide deposits in an Ordovician submarine channel:Previously unrecognized facies.Geology,1991,19(7):734—737
20高振中,Eriksson KA.美国阿巴拉契亚山脉芬卡苏地区奥陶纪海底水道中的内潮汐沉积.沉积学报,1993,11(1):12—22
21Karl HA,Cacchione DA,Carlson PR.Internal-wave currents as a mechanismto account for large sand waves in Navarinsky Can-yon Head,Bering Sea.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1986:56(5):706—714
22高振中,何幼斌,罗顺社,等.深水牵引流沉积——内潮汐、内波和等深流沉积研究.北京:科学出版社,1996
23Gao ZZ,Eriksson KA,He YB,et al.Deep-Water Traction Cur-rent Deposits-A Study of Internal Tides,Internal Waves,Con-tour Currents and Their Deposits.Beijing and New York:Sci-ence Press,1998.Utrecht and Tokyo:VSP
24高振中,何幼斌,张兴阳,翟永红,胡云扬,杨海军,李新生,李勇.塔中地区中晚奥陶世内波、内潮汐沉积.沉积学报,2002,18(3):400—407
25张兴阳,高振中,姚雪根.北大西洋洛克尔海槽东北部内波沉积.沉积学报,1999,17(3):464—472
26张兴阳,何幼斌,罗顺社,等.内波单独作用形成的深水沉积物波.古地理学报,2002,4(1):83—89
27Gardner JV,Prior DB,Field ME.Humboldt slide:A largeshear-dominated retrogressive slope failure.Marine Geology,1999,154:323—338
28Lee HJ,Baraza J.Geotechnical characteristics and slope stability in the Gulf of Cadiz.Marine Geology,1999,155:173—190
29Correggiari A,Trincardi F,Langone L,et al.Styles of failurein late Holocene highstand prodelta wedges on the Adriatic shelf.Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71:218—236
30Lee HJ,Syvitski JPM,Parker G,et al.Distinguishing sediment waves fromslope failure deposits:field examples,including the“Humboldt slide”,and modelling results.Marine Geology,2002,192:79—104
31Cattaneo A,Correggiari A,Marsset T,et al.Seafloor undula-tion pattern on the Adriatic shelf and comparison to deep-water sediment waves.Marine Geology,2004,213:121—148
32Schnitker D.North Atlantic oceanography as possible cause of Antarctic glaciation and eutrophication.Nature,1980,284:615—616
33Stoker MS.Sediment-drift development on the continental mar-gin off NWBritain.In:Stoker MS,Evans D,Cramp A,eds.Geological Processes on Continental Margin:Sedimentation,Mass-Wasting and Stability.Geological Society,London:Special Publication,1998,129:229—254
34Vogt PR.The Faeroe-Iceland-Greenland aseismic ridge and the western boundary undercurrent.Nature,1972,239:79—81
35Wright JD&Miller KG.Control of North Atlantic deep water circulation by the Greenland-Scotland Ridge.Paleoceanography,1996,11:157—170
36Davies R,Cartwright J,Pike J,et al.Early Oligocene initiation of North Atlantic deep water formation.Nature,2001,410:917—920
37Damuth JE.Migrating sediment waves created by turbidity cur-rents in the northern South China Basin.Geology,1979,7:520—523
38Li YH.Denudation of Tai wan island since the Pliocene Epoch.Geology,1976,4:105—107
39汪品先,赵泉鸿,翦知湣,等.南海三千万年的深海记录.科学通报,2003,48(21):2206—2216
2)王海荣,王英民,等,南海深水等深流循环的形成和格架.待发表
1)见第1236页脚注2)
2)王海荣,王英民,邱燕,等.南海北部大陆边缘深水陆坡的地貌形态与其控制因素.待发表
1)见第1239页脚注2)
2)见第1236页脚注2)
1Faug埁res JC,Stow DAV,Imbert P,et al.Seismic features diag-nostic of contourite drifts.Marine Geology,1999,162:1—38
2Habgood EL,Kenyon NH,Masson DG,et al.Deep-water sedi-ment wave fields,bottomcurrent sand chnnels and gravity flow channel-lobe systems:Gulf of Cadiz,NE Atlantic.Sedimentolo-gy,2003,50:483—510
3Knutz PC,Jones EJ W,Howe JA,et al.Wave-form sheeted contourite drift on the Barra Fan,NW UK continental margin.In:Stow DAV,Pudsey CJ,Howe JA,eds.Deep-Water Cont-ourite Systems:Modern Drifts and Ancient Seires,Seismic and Sedimentary Characteristics.Geological Society,London,Memoirs,2002,22:85—97
4Flood RD,Shor AN,Manley PD.Morphology of abyssal mud-waves at Project MUDWAVES sites in the Argentine Basin.Deep-Sea Research,1993,40:859—888
5Lom-Keil H,SpieβV,Hopfauf V.Fine-grained sediment waves on the western flank of the Zapiola Drift,Argentine Basin:Evi-dence for variationsin Late Quaternarybottomflowactivity.Ma-rine Geology,2002,192:239—258
6Ballard JA.Structure of the lower continental rise hills of the western North Atlantic.Geophysics,1966,31:506—523
7Fox PJ,Heezen BC,Harian AM.Abyssal anti-dunes.Nature,1968,220:470—472
8Hollister CD,et al.Abyssal furrows and hyperbolic echo traces on the Bahama Outer Ridge:Geology,1974,2:395—400
9Wynn RB,Masson DG,Stow DAV,et al.The Northwest Afri-can slope apron:a modern analogue for deep-water systems with complex seafloor topography.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17:253—265
10Séranne M,NzéAbeigne CR.Oligocene to Holocene sediment drifts and bottomcurrents onthe slope of Gabon continental mar-gin(west Africa)Consequences for sedimentation and southeast Atlantic upwelling.Sedimentary Geology,1999,128:179—199
11Wynn RB,Piper DJ W,Gee MJR.Generation and migration of coarse-grained sediment waves in turbidity current channels and channel-lobe transition zones.Marine Geology,2002,192:59—78
12Migeon S,Savoye B,Zanella E,et al.Detailed seismic-reflection and sedimentary study of turbidite sediment waves on the Var Sedimentary Ridge(SE France):Significance for sediment trans-port and deposition and for the mechanisms of sediment-wave construction.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2001,18:179—208
13Normark WR,Hess GR,Stow DAV,et al.Sediment waves on the Monterey Fan levee:A preliminary physical interpretation.Marine Geology,1980,37:1—18
14Normark WR,Piper DJ W,Posamentier H,et al.Variability in formand growth of sediment waves on turbidite channel levees.Marine Geology,2002,192:23—58
15Khripounoff A,Vangriesheim A,Babonneau N,et al.Direct observation of intense turbidity current activity in the Zaire sub-marine valley at4000m water depth.Marine Geology,2003,194:151—158
16Ercilla G,Alonso B,Wynn RB,et al.Turbidity current sedi-ment waves on irregular slopes:Observations fromthe Orinoco sediment-wave field.Marine Geology,2002,192:171—187
17Kenyon NH,Belderson RH,Stride AH.Channels,canyons and slump folds on the continental slope between South-West Ireland and Spain.Oceanology Acta,1978,1:369—380
18Faug埁res JC,Gonthier E,Mulder T,et al.Multi-process gener-ated sediment waves on the Landes Plateau(Bay of Biscay,North Atlantic).Marine Geology,2002,182:279—302
19Gao ZZ,Eriksson KA.Internal-tide deposits in an Ordovician submarine channel:Previously unrecognized facies.Geology,1991,19(7):734—737
20高振中,Eriksson KA.美国阿巴拉契亚山脉芬卡苏地区奥陶纪海底水道中的内潮汐沉积.沉积学报,1993,11(1):12—22
21Karl HA,Cacchione DA,Carlson PR.Internal-wave currents as a mechanismto account for large sand waves in Navarinsky Can-yon Head,Bering Sea.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1986:56(5):706—714
22高振中,何幼斌,罗顺社,等.深水牵引流沉积——内潮汐、内波和等深流沉积研究.北京:科学出版社,1996
23Gao ZZ,Eriksson KA,He YB,et al.Deep-Water Traction Cur-rent Deposits-A Study of Internal Tides,Internal Waves,Con-tour Currents and Their Deposits.Beijing and New York:Sci-ence Press,1998.Utrecht and Tokyo:VSP
24高振中,何幼斌,张兴阳,翟永红,胡云扬,杨海军,李新生,李勇.塔中地区中晚奥陶世内波、内潮汐沉积.沉积学报,2002,18(3):400—407
25张兴阳,高振中,姚雪根.北大西洋洛克尔海槽东北部内波沉积.沉积学报,1999,17(3):464—472
26张兴阳,何幼斌,罗顺社,等.内波单独作用形成的深水沉积物波.古地理学报,2002,4(1):83—89
27Gardner JV,Prior DB,Field ME.Humboldt slide:A largeshear-dominated retrogressive slope failure.Marine Geology,1999,154:323—338
28Lee HJ,Baraza J.Geotechnical characteristics and slope stability in the Gulf of Cadiz.Marine Geology,1999,155:173—190
29Correggiari A,Trincardi F,Langone L,et al.Styles of failurein late Holocene highstand prodelta wedges on the Adriatic shelf.Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71:218—236
30Lee HJ,Syvitski JPM,Parker G,et al.Distinguishing sediment waves fromslope failure deposits:field examples,including the“Humboldt slide”,and modelling results.Marine Geology,2002,192:79—104
31Cattaneo A,Correggiari A,Marsset T,et al.Seafloor undula-tion pattern on the Adriatic shelf and comparison to deep-water sediment waves.Marine Geology,2004,213:121—148
32Schnitker D.North Atlantic oceanography as possible cause of Antarctic glaciation and eutrophication.Nature,1980,284:615—616
33Stoker MS.Sediment-drift development on the continental mar-gin off NWBritain.In:Stoker MS,Evans D,Cramp A,eds.Geological Processes on Continental Margin:Sedimentation,Mass-Wasting and Stability.Geological Society,London:Special Publication,1998,129:229—254
34Vogt PR.The Faeroe-Iceland-Greenland aseismic ridge and the western boundary undercurrent.Nature,1972,239:79—81
35Wright JD&Miller KG.Control of North Atlantic deep water circulation by the Greenland-Scotland Ridge.Paleoceanography,1996,11:157—170
36Davies R,Cartwright J,Pike J,et al.Early Oligocene initiation of North Atlantic deep water formation.Nature,2001,410:917—920
37Damuth JE.Migrating sediment waves created by turbidity cur-rents in the northern South China Basin.Geology,1979,7:520—523
38Li YH.Denudation of Tai wan island since the Pliocene Epoch.Geology,1976,4:105—107
39汪品先,赵泉鸿,翦知湣,等.南海三千万年的深海记录.科学通报,2003,48(21):2206—2216
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