断裂构造的分形研究及其地质应用
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摘要
文章详细总结了断裂构造分形研究的理论基础及其在地质研究中的应用。断裂构造的分维值可以定量描述断裂分布的复杂性和构造演化的成熟度 ,它是断层数量、规模、发育程度、组合方式及动力学的综合体现。断裂的分形结构特征与流体流动、油气运移成藏和矿床的形成有着十分密切的关系 ,断裂的分维值越高 ,断裂连通性越好 ,越有利于流体流动汇聚和矿床的形成。此外 ,还可以从活动断裂的分形分析来研究断层的活动性及其与区域地壳稳定性 ,进行地震预测。文中总结了目前断裂分形研究中存在的一些问题和改进方法以及今后研究的主要方向
The paper summarized in detail the basic fractal theory for fractures and its application in geology. Fractal dimension can be used to quantify the complexity of the fracture distribution and its evolutional maturity. It is a synthetic characterization of fault amount, scale, evolution, assembly pattern and dynamics mechanism. Fractal fracture structures have a close relation to fluid flow, oil gas migration and reservation and ore deposition. It's beneficial for fluid flow, fluid gathering and ore deposition with a high fractal dimension of fractures. In addition, fault activity and crustal stability can be discussed from fractal analysis of active faults. Thereby, earthquakes can be predicted. The paper points out some problems on the study of fracture fractal analysis and suggest some improved methods and the principal tendency of study.
The paper summarized in detail the basic fractal theory for fractures and its application in geology. Fractal dimension can be used to quantify the complexity of the fracture distribution and its evolutional maturity. It is a synthetic characterization of fault amount, scale, evolution, assembly pattern and dynamics mechanism. Fractal fracture structures have a close relation to fluid flow, oil gas migration and reservation and ore deposition. It's beneficial for fluid flow, fluid gathering and ore deposition with a high fractal dimension of fractures. In addition, fault activity and crustal stability can be discussed from fractal analysis of active faults. Thereby, earthquakes can be predicted. The paper points out some problems on the study of fracture fractal analysis and suggest some improved methods and the principal tendency of study.
引文
[1]MandelbrotBB .FractalGeometryofNature[M].SanFrancisco:WHFreeman&Co.1982.
[2]FederJ .Fractals[M].NewYork:PlenumPress,1988.
[3]KruhlJH .FractalsandDynamicsSystemsinGeoscience[M].NewYork:SpringerVerlag,1994.
[4]KorvinG .FractalModelintheEarthscience[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier.1992.
[5]BerryMV ,LewisZV .OntheWeierstrassMandelbrotfractalfunction[J].Proc.R .Soc.London,1980,70,459-484.
[6]ScholzCH ,AvilesCA .Fractaldimensionofthe1906SanAndreasfaultand1915PleasantValleyfaults(abstract)[J].Earth quakesNotes,1985,55,20.
[7]连长云,苏小四,朴寿成,等.中国大陆深断裂系的分形特征[J].世界地质,1995,14(3):35-39.
[8]HirataT .FractaldimensionoffaultsystemsinJapan:Fractalstructureinrockfracturegeometryatvariousscales[J].PureandAppl.Geophys,1989,131:157-170.
[9]陈江峰,胡诚.煤中断裂分布的分形特征[J].煤田地质与勘探,1999,27(1):7-9.
[10]CowiePA .,SornetteD ,VannesteC .Multifracralscalingpropertiesofagrowingfaultpopulation[J].GeophysicsJournalInternational,1995,122:457-469
[11]CelloG .FractalanalysisofaQuaternaryfaultarrayinthecentralApennines,Italy[J].JournalofStructuralGeology.1997,19(7):945-953.
[12]卢新卫,马东升.湘中锑矿带断裂体系分维及其对成矿流体运移和矿床定位的指示作用[J].矿床地质,1999,18(2):168-174.
[13]金章东,卢新卫,张传林.江西德兴斑岩铜矿田断裂分形研究[J].地质论评,1998,44(1):57-62.
[14]ZhangX ,SandersonDJ .Fractalstructureanddeformationoffracturedrockmasses[A].SHKruhl.FractalsandDynamicsSys temsinGeoscience[M].NewYork:Spring-Verlag,1994.37-52.
[15]CarlsonCA .Spatialdistributionoforedeposits[J].Geology,1991,19:111-114.
[16]谭凯旋,刘顺生,谢焱石.新疆阿尔泰地区矿床分布的多重分形分析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2000,24(4):333-341.
[17]BartonCC ,LaPointePR .FractalsinPetroleumGeologyandEarthScienceProcesses[M].NewYork:PlenumPress,1995.
[18]徐景祯,刘明斌,刘晓冬.断层体系的分形维数及其对深源气运移条件的指示作用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1997,16(3):14-18.
[19]沈忠民,马祖钧,周光甲.断裂体系分维与油田分布[J].地球科学,1995,20(1):73-78.
[20]周新桂,孙宝珊,刘金红.辽河科尔康油田断裂分形特征与油气关系[J].地质力学学报,1997,3(1):81-87.
[21]施泽进,罗蛰潭,彭大钧.非线性地质勘探导论[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.1995,45-70.
[22]TanKaixuan,HaoXincai,DaiTaden.FractalfeaturesoffracturesinChinaandtheirimplicationforgeotectonics[J].GeotectonicsetMetallogenia,1997,21(3-4):55-59.
[23]孔凡臣,丁国瑜.线性构造分数维值含义[J].地震,1991,5:33-37.
[24]LeeHK ,SchwarczHP .FractalclusteringoffaultactivityinCalifornia[J].Geology(Boulder).1995,23(4):377-380.
[25]OncelAO ,MainI,AlptekinO ,etal.SpatialvariationsofthefractalpropertiesofseismicityintheAnatolianfaultzones[J].Tectonophysics.1996,257(2-4):189-202.
[26]吴树仁,胡道功,石玲,等.鄂西清江下游主要活动断层分段、分形与地震活动[J].长春科技大学学报,1999,29(3):272-278.
[27]彭建兵.渭河盆地边界活动断裂的分形几何特征[J].西安地质学院学报,1993,15(1):52-60.
[28]刘锡大,赵希俊,侯建军,等.太行山山前断裂带的分形几何特征[J].地震研究,1998,21(2):165-171.
[29]NanjoK ,NagahamaH ,Satomura.M .Ratesofaftershockdecayandthefractalstructureofactivefaultsystems[J].Tectono physics,1998,287;1-4,173-186.
[30]SukmonoS ,ZenMT ,HendrajavaL ,etal.FractalpatternoftheSumatrafaultseismicityanditspossibleapplicationtoearth quakeprediction[J].BulletinoftheSeismologicalSocietyofAmerica,1997,87(6):1685-1690.
[31]AgterbergFP ,ChengQiuming,BrownA ,etal.MultifracralmodelingoffracturesintheLacDuBonnetBatholith,Manitoba[J].Computers&Geosciences.1996,22(5):497-507.
[32]施泽进,罗蜇潭,彭大钧,等.四川地区断层空间分布的多重分形特征[J].现代地质,1995,9(4):467-474.
[2]FederJ .Fractals[M].NewYork:PlenumPress,1988.
[3]KruhlJH .FractalsandDynamicsSystemsinGeoscience[M].NewYork:SpringerVerlag,1994.
[4]KorvinG .FractalModelintheEarthscience[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier.1992.
[5]BerryMV ,LewisZV .OntheWeierstrassMandelbrotfractalfunction[J].Proc.R .Soc.London,1980,70,459-484.
[6]ScholzCH ,AvilesCA .Fractaldimensionofthe1906SanAndreasfaultand1915PleasantValleyfaults(abstract)[J].Earth quakesNotes,1985,55,20.
[7]连长云,苏小四,朴寿成,等.中国大陆深断裂系的分形特征[J].世界地质,1995,14(3):35-39.
[8]HirataT .FractaldimensionoffaultsystemsinJapan:Fractalstructureinrockfracturegeometryatvariousscales[J].PureandAppl.Geophys,1989,131:157-170.
[9]陈江峰,胡诚.煤中断裂分布的分形特征[J].煤田地质与勘探,1999,27(1):7-9.
[10]CowiePA .,SornetteD ,VannesteC .Multifracralscalingpropertiesofagrowingfaultpopulation[J].GeophysicsJournalInternational,1995,122:457-469
[11]CelloG .FractalanalysisofaQuaternaryfaultarrayinthecentralApennines,Italy[J].JournalofStructuralGeology.1997,19(7):945-953.
[12]卢新卫,马东升.湘中锑矿带断裂体系分维及其对成矿流体运移和矿床定位的指示作用[J].矿床地质,1999,18(2):168-174.
[13]金章东,卢新卫,张传林.江西德兴斑岩铜矿田断裂分形研究[J].地质论评,1998,44(1):57-62.
[14]ZhangX ,SandersonDJ .Fractalstructureanddeformationoffracturedrockmasses[A].SHKruhl.FractalsandDynamicsSys temsinGeoscience[M].NewYork:Spring-Verlag,1994.37-52.
[15]CarlsonCA .Spatialdistributionoforedeposits[J].Geology,1991,19:111-114.
[16]谭凯旋,刘顺生,谢焱石.新疆阿尔泰地区矿床分布的多重分形分析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2000,24(4):333-341.
[17]BartonCC ,LaPointePR .FractalsinPetroleumGeologyandEarthScienceProcesses[M].NewYork:PlenumPress,1995.
[18]徐景祯,刘明斌,刘晓冬.断层体系的分形维数及其对深源气运移条件的指示作用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1997,16(3):14-18.
[19]沈忠民,马祖钧,周光甲.断裂体系分维与油田分布[J].地球科学,1995,20(1):73-78.
[20]周新桂,孙宝珊,刘金红.辽河科尔康油田断裂分形特征与油气关系[J].地质力学学报,1997,3(1):81-87.
[21]施泽进,罗蛰潭,彭大钧.非线性地质勘探导论[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.1995,45-70.
[22]TanKaixuan,HaoXincai,DaiTaden.FractalfeaturesoffracturesinChinaandtheirimplicationforgeotectonics[J].GeotectonicsetMetallogenia,1997,21(3-4):55-59.
[23]孔凡臣,丁国瑜.线性构造分数维值含义[J].地震,1991,5:33-37.
[24]LeeHK ,SchwarczHP .FractalclusteringoffaultactivityinCalifornia[J].Geology(Boulder).1995,23(4):377-380.
[25]OncelAO ,MainI,AlptekinO ,etal.SpatialvariationsofthefractalpropertiesofseismicityintheAnatolianfaultzones[J].Tectonophysics.1996,257(2-4):189-202.
[26]吴树仁,胡道功,石玲,等.鄂西清江下游主要活动断层分段、分形与地震活动[J].长春科技大学学报,1999,29(3):272-278.
[27]彭建兵.渭河盆地边界活动断裂的分形几何特征[J].西安地质学院学报,1993,15(1):52-60.
[28]刘锡大,赵希俊,侯建军,等.太行山山前断裂带的分形几何特征[J].地震研究,1998,21(2):165-171.
[29]NanjoK ,NagahamaH ,Satomura.M .Ratesofaftershockdecayandthefractalstructureofactivefaultsystems[J].Tectono physics,1998,287;1-4,173-186.
[30]SukmonoS ,ZenMT ,HendrajavaL ,etal.FractalpatternoftheSumatrafaultseismicityanditspossibleapplicationtoearth quakeprediction[J].BulletinoftheSeismologicalSocietyofAmerica,1997,87(6):1685-1690.
[31]AgterbergFP ,ChengQiuming,BrownA ,etal.MultifracralmodelingoffracturesintheLacDuBonnetBatholith,Manitoba[J].Computers&Geosciences.1996,22(5):497-507.
[32]施泽进,罗蜇潭,彭大钧,等.四川地区断层空间分布的多重分形特征[J].现代地质,1995,9(4):467-474.
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