乌鲁木齐城市活断层探测与地震危险性评价主要成果简介
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摘要
以乌鲁木齐市建成区和规划区作为探测目标区,对区内的活动断层及其深部发震构造进行了系统的探测,对活动断层的危险性和危害性进行了初步评价。根据断层活动性鉴定,确定目标区内存在2组全新世活动断层,即王家沟断层组和九家湾断层组。前者为近EW向的北倾逆断层,后者为NE走向的北倾正断层。晚更新世活动断层为八钢-石化隐伏断层、西山断层、碗窑沟断层和白杨南沟断层。深部发震构造探测揭示出目标区所处的北天山山前薄皮推覆构造及其前缘逆断层-褶皱的清楚结构,结合流动地震观测和小震精确定位等,建立了目标区活动断层的发震构造模型。通过古地震探槽和地震活动性研究对目标区全新世活动断层和晚更新世活动断层的地震危险性进行了评价;并在此基础上对可能发生的直下型大地震所引起的强地震动进行了预测,对全新世活动断层可能产生的地表错动带和晚更新世活动断层可能引起的地表变形带进行了预测。
The predominant results of the project "Active fault detecting and seismic risk assessment in Urumqi City" are introduced in this paper. The active faults detecting target region covers the Urumqi City and its urban planning area. Deep seismogenic tectonics of the faults was detected systematically during this project. The seismic risk and damage of the active faults were estimated preliminarily. Two groups of Holocene active faults,namely,Wangjiagou Fault group and Jiujiawan Fault group,were identified in the target region. The Wangjiagou Fault group is composed of four north-dipping thrust faults,while the Jiujiawan Fault group is composed of four north-dipping normal faults. Four late Pleistocene active faults,namely,Bagang-Shihua buried fault,Xishan Fault,Wanyaogou Fault and Bayangnangou Fault,were detected in the target region. A clear image of the thin-skinned thrust system under the city was made by deep seismic profile carried out by this project. Combined with the observation of mobile seismic station array and precise location of micro quakes in the target region,as well as other deep structure detecting results,such as the petroleum seismic profile,two seismic models of the target region were established. The seismic risk of the Holocene active faults and late Pleistocene active fault were estimated by paleo-earthquake trenching and seismicity analysis along the Holocene active faults,as well as the microstructure study along the late Pleistocene active faults. Meanwhile,the strong ground motion generated by potential strong earthquakes directly under the target region was predicted by numerical modeling. The surface displacement and deformation zones of the future strong earthquake along the Holocene and late Pleistocene active faults were estimated.
The predominant results of the project "Active fault detecting and seismic risk assessment in Urumqi City" are introduced in this paper. The active faults detecting target region covers the Urumqi City and its urban planning area. Deep seismogenic tectonics of the faults was detected systematically during this project. The seismic risk and damage of the active faults were estimated preliminarily. Two groups of Holocene active faults,namely,Wangjiagou Fault group and Jiujiawan Fault group,were identified in the target region. The Wangjiagou Fault group is composed of four north-dipping thrust faults,while the Jiujiawan Fault group is composed of four north-dipping normal faults. Four late Pleistocene active faults,namely,Bagang-Shihua buried fault,Xishan Fault,Wanyaogou Fault and Bayangnangou Fault,were detected in the target region. A clear image of the thin-skinned thrust system under the city was made by deep seismic profile carried out by this project. Combined with the observation of mobile seismic station array and precise location of micro quakes in the target region,as well as other deep structure detecting results,such as the petroleum seismic profile,two seismic models of the target region were established. The seismic risk of the Holocene active faults and late Pleistocene active fault were estimated by paleo-earthquake trenching and seismicity analysis along the Holocene active faults,as well as the microstructure study along the late Pleistocene active faults. Meanwhile,the strong ground motion generated by potential strong earthquakes directly under the target region was predicted by numerical modeling. The surface displacement and deformation zones of the future strong earthquake along the Holocene and late Pleistocene active faults were estimated.
引文
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冯先岳.1997.新疆古地震[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社.1—250.FENG Xian-yue.1997.The Paleoearthquake in Xinjiang,China[M].Sci-Tech and Public Health Press of Xinjiang,Urumqi.1—250(in Chinese).
韩竹军,冉勇康,徐锡伟.2002.隐伏活断层未来地表破裂带宽度与位错量初步研究[J].地震地质,24(4):484—494.HAN Zhu-jun,RANYong-kang,XUXi-wei.2002.Primary study on possible width and displacement of future surfacerupture zone produced by buried active fault[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):484—494(in Chinese).
韩淑媞,叶玮.1985.乌鲁木齐仓房沟晚更新世沉积环境[A].见:新疆大学编.干旱区新疆第四纪研究论文集.乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社.HAN Shu-ti,YE Wei.1985.The late Pleistocene deposit environment in Cangfanggtou of Urumqi[A].In:XinjiangUniversity(ed).Collection of Quaternary study in arid Xinjiang.Xinjiang People s Press,Urumqi(in Chinese).
胡军,栾超群,胡方秋,等.1996.乌鲁木齐西山断裂新构造运动特征[J].新疆地质,14(3):228—237.HU Jun,LUAN Chao-qun,HU Fang-qiu,et al.1996.Neotectonic movement of Xishan Fault,Urumqi[J].XinjiangGeology,14(3):228—237(in Chinese).
刘保金,沈军,张先康,等.2007.深地震反射剖面揭示出的天山北缘乌鲁木齐坳陷地壳结构和构造[J].地球物理学报,50(5):1464—1472.LIU Bao-jing,SHEN Jun,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2007.The crust structures and tectonics of Urumqi depressionrevealed by deep seismic reflection profile in the northern margin of Tianshan mountains[J].Chinese J Geophys,50(5):1464—1472(in Chinese).
栾超群,胡军,罗福忠,等.1998.新疆博格达北麓山前断裂西段的断裂组成及其全新世时期的活动[J].内陆地震,12(4):355—361(in Chinese).LUAN Chao-qun,HU Jun,LUO Fu-zhong,et al.1998.The composition of the west section of the piedmont fault innorthern margin of Bogda,Xinjiang,mountains and its activity in Holocene[J].Inland Earthquake,12(4):355—361(in Chinese).
毛风英,张培震.1995.古地震研究中的逐次限定法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.153—164.MAO Feng-ying,ZHANG Pei-zhen.1995.Progressive constraining method in paleoseismic study and paleoearthquakesalong the major active faults in northern Xinjiang[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research on ActiveFault(4).Seismological Press,Beijing.153—164(in Chinese).
乔作山.1981.乌鲁木齐河头屯河流域第四纪地层概要[A].见:中国地质学会等编.新疆第四纪地质及冰川地质论文选集.乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社.QIAO Zuo-shan.1981.The outline of Quaternary layers in Toutunhe drainage area of Urumqi[A].In:The ChineseGeological Society,et al.(eds).Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology and Glacial Geology of Xinjiang.XinjiangPeople s Press,Urumqi(in Chinese).
冉勇康,陈立春,沈军,等.2007.乌鲁木齐西山断裂组与地表破裂型逆断层古地震识别标志[J].地震地质,29(2):218—237.RAN Yong-kang,CHEN Li-chun,SHEN Jun,et al.2007.Xishan Fault group near Urumqi City and paleoearthquakeidentification on reverse fault[J].Seismology and Geology,29(2):218—237(in Chinese).
沈军,宋和平,李军.2007.乌鲁木齐城市活断层发震模型初探[J].内陆地震,21(3):193—204.SHEN Jun,SONG He-ping,LI Jun.2007.Preliminary study on seismogenic tectonic model for active fault in UrumqiCity[J].Inland Earthquake,21(3):193—204(in Chinese).
汪一鹏,沈军.2000.天山北麓活动构造基本特征[J].新疆地质,18(3):203—210.WANG Yi-peng,SHEN Jun.2000.Basic features of active structures at the northern foothill of Tianshan Mountains,China[J].Xinjiang Geology,18(3):203—210(in Chinese).
张红艳,谢富仁,崔效锋,等.2006.乌鲁木齐地区活动断层滑动与现代构造应力场[J].中国地震,22(3):259—268.ZHANG Hong-yan,XIE Fu-ren,CUI Xiao-feng,et al.2006.Active fault sliding and recent tectonic stress field in theUrumqi area[J].Earthquake Research in China,22(3):259—268(in Chinese).
张培震,邓起东,杨晓平,等.1995.天山北麓的冰水冲洪积地貌与新构造运动[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.63—78.ZHANG Pei-zhen,DENG Qi-dong,YANG Xiao-ping.1995.Glaciofluvial geomorphology and neotectonics along therange-front of the northern Tianshan[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research on Active Faults(4).Seismological Press,Beijing.63—78(in Chinese).
邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.1999.天山北麓乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂-褶皱带及其形成机制[J].地学前缘,6(4):191—201.DENG Qi-dong,FENG Xian-yue,ZHANG Pei-zhen,et al.1999.Reverse fault and fold zone in the Urumqi rang frontdepression on the northern Tianshan and its genetic mechanics[J].Earth Science frontiers,6(4):191—201(inChinese).
邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.2000.天山活动构造[M].北京:地震出版社.1—399.DENG Qi-dong,FENG Xian-yue,ZHANG Pei-zhen,et al.2000.Active Tectonics of Tianshan[M].SeismologicalPress,Beijing.1—399(in Chinese).
邓起东,于贵华,叶文华.1992.地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(2):247—264.DENG Qi-dong,YU Gui-hua,YE Wen-hua.1992.Relationships between earthquake magnitude and parameters ofsurface rupture associated with historical earthquakes[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research on ActiveFaults(2).Seismological Press,Beijing.247—264(in Chinese).
冯先岳.1987.乌鲁木齐活动构造与地震[J].内陆地震,1(1):10—16.FENG Xian-yue.1987.Active tectonics and earthquakes in Urumqi[J].Inland Earthquake,1(1):10—16(inChinese).
冯先岳.1997.新疆古地震[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社.1—250.FENG Xian-yue.1997.The Paleoearthquake in Xinjiang,China[M].Sci-Tech and Public Health Press of Xinjiang,Urumqi.1—250(in Chinese).
韩竹军,冉勇康,徐锡伟.2002.隐伏活断层未来地表破裂带宽度与位错量初步研究[J].地震地质,24(4):484—494.HAN Zhu-jun,RANYong-kang,XUXi-wei.2002.Primary study on possible width and displacement of future surfacerupture zone produced by buried active fault[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):484—494(in Chinese).
韩淑媞,叶玮.1985.乌鲁木齐仓房沟晚更新世沉积环境[A].见:新疆大学编.干旱区新疆第四纪研究论文集.乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社.HAN Shu-ti,YE Wei.1985.The late Pleistocene deposit environment in Cangfanggtou of Urumqi[A].In:XinjiangUniversity(ed).Collection of Quaternary study in arid Xinjiang.Xinjiang People s Press,Urumqi(in Chinese).
胡军,栾超群,胡方秋,等.1996.乌鲁木齐西山断裂新构造运动特征[J].新疆地质,14(3):228—237.HU Jun,LUAN Chao-qun,HU Fang-qiu,et al.1996.Neotectonic movement of Xishan Fault,Urumqi[J].XinjiangGeology,14(3):228—237(in Chinese).
刘保金,沈军,张先康,等.2007.深地震反射剖面揭示出的天山北缘乌鲁木齐坳陷地壳结构和构造[J].地球物理学报,50(5):1464—1472.LIU Bao-jing,SHEN Jun,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2007.The crust structures and tectonics of Urumqi depressionrevealed by deep seismic reflection profile in the northern margin of Tianshan mountains[J].Chinese J Geophys,50(5):1464—1472(in Chinese).
栾超群,胡军,罗福忠,等.1998.新疆博格达北麓山前断裂西段的断裂组成及其全新世时期的活动[J].内陆地震,12(4):355—361(in Chinese).LUAN Chao-qun,HU Jun,LUO Fu-zhong,et al.1998.The composition of the west section of the piedmont fault innorthern margin of Bogda,Xinjiang,mountains and its activity in Holocene[J].Inland Earthquake,12(4):355—361(in Chinese).
毛风英,张培震.1995.古地震研究中的逐次限定法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.153—164.MAO Feng-ying,ZHANG Pei-zhen.1995.Progressive constraining method in paleoseismic study and paleoearthquakesalong the major active faults in northern Xinjiang[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research on ActiveFault(4).Seismological Press,Beijing.153—164(in Chinese).
乔作山.1981.乌鲁木齐河头屯河流域第四纪地层概要[A].见:中国地质学会等编.新疆第四纪地质及冰川地质论文选集.乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社.QIAO Zuo-shan.1981.The outline of Quaternary layers in Toutunhe drainage area of Urumqi[A].In:The ChineseGeological Society,et al.(eds).Selected Papers on Quaternary Geology and Glacial Geology of Xinjiang.XinjiangPeople s Press,Urumqi(in Chinese).
冉勇康,陈立春,沈军,等.2007.乌鲁木齐西山断裂组与地表破裂型逆断层古地震识别标志[J].地震地质,29(2):218—237.RAN Yong-kang,CHEN Li-chun,SHEN Jun,et al.2007.Xishan Fault group near Urumqi City and paleoearthquakeidentification on reverse fault[J].Seismology and Geology,29(2):218—237(in Chinese).
沈军,宋和平,李军.2007.乌鲁木齐城市活断层发震模型初探[J].内陆地震,21(3):193—204.SHEN Jun,SONG He-ping,LI Jun.2007.Preliminary study on seismogenic tectonic model for active fault in UrumqiCity[J].Inland Earthquake,21(3):193—204(in Chinese).
汪一鹏,沈军.2000.天山北麓活动构造基本特征[J].新疆地质,18(3):203—210.WANG Yi-peng,SHEN Jun.2000.Basic features of active structures at the northern foothill of Tianshan Mountains,China[J].Xinjiang Geology,18(3):203—210(in Chinese).
张红艳,谢富仁,崔效锋,等.2006.乌鲁木齐地区活动断层滑动与现代构造应力场[J].中国地震,22(3):259—268.ZHANG Hong-yan,XIE Fu-ren,CUI Xiao-feng,et al.2006.Active fault sliding and recent tectonic stress field in theUrumqi area[J].Earthquake Research in China,22(3):259—268(in Chinese).
张培震,邓起东,杨晓平,等.1995.天山北麓的冰水冲洪积地貌与新构造运动[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.63—78.ZHANG Pei-zhen,DENG Qi-dong,YANG Xiao-ping.1995.Glaciofluvial geomorphology and neotectonics along therange-front of the northern Tianshan[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research on Active Faults(4).Seismological Press,Beijing.63—78(in Chinese).
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