新疆博格达山初始隆升时间的地层学标定
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摘要
博格达山位于东天山北缘,是准噶尔盆地与柴窝堡凹陷的分界岭。它的初始隆升时间是一个意义重大而又长期争论的基础地质问题。地表地质调查和人工地震勘探结果证实,石炭纪以来最早的区域性角度不整合发育于白垩系与前白垩纪地层之间。博格达地区斜层理、叠瓦状砾石迎水面等古流向示向构造研究结果证实,博南、博北沉积物扩散方向在早二叠世均指向南、侏罗纪时指向博格达主脊、而白垩纪及其后则背离博格达主脊。博格达山南、北砾石成分统计结果显示,侏罗系具双物源特征,而白垩纪物源区则为博格达山。据此推论,博格达山初始隆升发生在侏罗纪末-白垩纪初。基于博格达山初始隆升发生在侏罗纪、白垩纪转换之际,有理由相信博格达山地区在海西期未卷入天山造山带,在早中生代期间柴窝铺凹陷与准噶尔盆地同属一个盆地。
The Bogda Shan, located on the northern margin of East Tianshan, forms the watershed between the Junggar basin and the Chaiwopu depression. Its initial uplift time has been debated for a long time, and is of important geotectonic significance.Field surveys and seismic exploration show that the lowest regional angular unconformity older than the Carboniferous developed between the Cretaceous and the pre-Cretaceous strata. Several measurements have been made of cross-bedding and stoss surfaces of imbricate pebbles. Statistical analysis of the data indicates that a major change in sediment dispersal pattern occurred at the end of the Jurassic or the beginning of the Cretaceous. In the Jurassic, the sediment dispersal pattern is convergent, and the Bogda area functioned as a water catchment. In the Cretaceous, the sediment dispersal pattern is divergent, and the Bogda area functioned as a watershed. A statistical study of the composition of clasts in the Jurassic and Cretaceous conglomerates suggests that these Cretaceous conglomerates are different from the Jurassic conglomerates, and are composed mainly of volcanic gravels derived from nearby areas. On the basis of these studies we conclude that the initial uplift of Bogda Shan took place between the latest Jurassic and the earliest Cretaceous.Therefore we suggest that 1the Bogda Shan is not an integral part of the Tianshan orogenic belt; and 2 the Chaiwopu depression is part of the early Mesozoic Junggar Basin.
The Bogda Shan, located on the northern margin of East Tianshan, forms the watershed between the Junggar basin and the Chaiwopu depression. Its initial uplift time has been debated for a long time, and is of important geotectonic significance.Field surveys and seismic exploration show that the lowest regional angular unconformity older than the Carboniferous developed between the Cretaceous and the pre-Cretaceous strata. Several measurements have been made of cross-bedding and stoss surfaces of imbricate pebbles. Statistical analysis of the data indicates that a major change in sediment dispersal pattern occurred at the end of the Jurassic or the beginning of the Cretaceous. In the Jurassic, the sediment dispersal pattern is convergent, and the Bogda area functioned as a water catchment. In the Cretaceous, the sediment dispersal pattern is divergent, and the Bogda area functioned as a watershed. A statistical study of the composition of clasts in the Jurassic and Cretaceous conglomerates suggests that these Cretaceous conglomerates are different from the Jurassic conglomerates, and are composed mainly of volcanic gravels derived from nearby areas. On the basis of these studies we conclude that the initial uplift of Bogda Shan took place between the latest Jurassic and the earliest Cretaceous.Therefore we suggest that 1the Bogda Shan is not an integral part of the Tianshan orogenic belt; and 2 the Chaiwopu depression is part of the early Mesozoic Junggar Basin.
引文
①新疆地质局地质科学研究所,新疆地质局第五地质大队.1∶50万乌鲁木齐幅地质图及说明书.1977.
[1] HENDRIX M S,GRAHAM S A,CARROLL A R, et alSedimentary record and climatic implications of recurrent de formation inTianShan:Evidence fromMesozoic strata of thenorthTarim, southernJunggar, andTurpan basins, north westChina[J].GSA Bulletin,1992,104:5379
[2] YU Chunhui,JIANG Yiqin,LIU ShuhuiJurassic sedimen tary boundary between theJunggar andTurpanHami basinsinXinjiang[J]SedimentaryFacies andPaleogeography,1996,16:4854(inChinese)
[3] WANG Zuoxun,WU Jiyi,LU Chaoxi, et alPolycyclicO peningClosingTectonicEvolution andMetallogeny ofTianshan[M]Beijing:SciencePress,1990:1217(inChi nese)
[4] WU Zhizhong,GUO FuxianRe discussion on the relation ship between the thrust tectonics and oil gas inBogdaMountains[J]XinjiangGeology,1991,9:914(inChi nese)
[5] WANG Zongxiu,LI Tao,ZHOU Gaozhi, et alGeologicalrecord of the lateCarboniferous orogeny inBogdaShan,northernTianshanMountains, northwestChina[J]EarthScienceFrontiers,2003,10:6369(inChinese)
[6] GREENE T J,CARROLL A R,HENDRIX M S, et alSed imentary record ofMesozoic deformation and inception of theTurpenHami basin, northwestChina[A]HENDRIX M S,DAVIS G A.Paleozoic andMesozoicTectonicEvolution ofCentralAsia:FromContinentalAssembly toIntracontinentalDeformation[C]GeologicalSociety ofAmericaMemoir,2001,194:317340
[7] FANG GuoqingSedimentological evidence of latePalaeozoicBogda island arc[J]ActaSedimentologicaSinica,1993,11:3136(inChinese)
[8] MA Ruishi,WANG Ciyin,YE ShangfuTectonicFrame work andCrustalEvolution ofEasternTianshanMountains[M]Nanjing:PublishingHouse ofNanjingUniversity,1993:1255(inChinese)
[9] ZHOU D,GRAHAM S A,CHANG E Z, et alPaleozoictectonic amalgamation of theChineseTianShan:Evidencefrom a transect along theDushanziKuqa highway[A ]HENDRIX M S,DAVIS G A.Paleozoic andMesozoicTec tonicEvolution ofCentralAsia:FromContinentalAssemblytoIntracontinentalDeformation[C]GeologicalSociety ofAmericaMemoir,2001,194:2346
[10] YANG Hao,GU LianxingPreliminary discussion on thetectonic significance of theTulufanHamiPrecambrian blockin theEastTianshan orogenic belt[J]Journal ofNanjingUniversity(EarthScienceEdition),1989,25:8286( inChinese)
[11] GU Lianxing,HU Shouxi,YU Chunshui, et alCarbonifer ous volcanites in theBogda orogenic belt of easternTienshan:Their tectonic implications[J ]ActaPetrologicaSinica,2001,16:305316(inChinese)
[12] CARROLL A R,GRAHAM S A,HENDRIX M S, et alLatePaleozoic tectonic amalgamation of northwesternChina:Sedimentary record of the northernTarim, northwesternTurpan, and southernJunggar basins[J]GSA Bulletin,1995,107:571594
[13] LAWTON T F,TREXLER J H JrPiggyback basin in theSevier thrust belt,Utah:Implications for development of thethrust wedge[J]Geology,1991,19:827830
[14] ZHANG Chuanheng,WANG Ziqiang,JIA WeiminOn thetiming of orogeny[J]ActaGeologicaSinica,1997,71:1826(inChinese)
[15] LIAO Zhuoting,LU Linhuang,JIANG Nayan, et alCar boniferous andPermian in the western part of eastMtsTianshan[A]11thInternationalCongress ofCarboniferousStratigraphy andGeology,Guidebook forExcursion4[C]Beijing,China,1987:139
[16] LIAO Zhuoting,LIU Lujun,ZHANG WeiEarlyPermianmolasse facies assemblage on the southwestern slope ofBogdaMountain[J]Journal ofStratigraphy,1999,23:190195(inChinese)
[17] LIU ZhaoshengThePermianTriassic boundary on thenorthern margin of theTurpanHami basin ofXinjiang,NWChina[J]Journal ofStratigraphy,1999,24:310314(inChinese).
[18] NanjingInstitute ofPaleontology ofChinaAcademy ofSci ences,Institute ofGeology andMineralResources ofXin jiangBureau ofGeology andMineralResourcesPermian&TriassicStrata andPaleontology ofDalongkouRegion,Ji musar,Xinjiang(GeologicalMemoirs,3Stratigraphy&PaleontologySeries)[M]Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1986:137(inChinese)
[19] GU Yunfei,MA Mingfu,SU Shilong, et alLithofacies pa leogeography of theCretaceous in theJunggar basin[J]Pe troleumGeology&Experiment,2003,25:337343(inChi nese)
[2] 喻春辉,蒋宜勤,刘树辉准噶尔盆地与吐哈盆地侏罗纪沉积边界的讨论[J]岩相古地理,1996,16:4854
[3] 王作勋,邬继易,吕喜朝,等天山多旋回构造演化及成矿[M]北京:科学出版社,1990:1217
[4] 武致中,郭富贤再论博格达推覆构造与油气[J]新疆地质,1991,9:914
[5] 王宗秀,李涛,周高志,等博格达山晚石炭世造山活动的变形地质记录[J]地学前缘,2003,10:6369
[7] 方国庆博格达晚古生代岛弧的沉积岩石学证据[J]沉积学报,1993,11:3136
[8] 马瑞士,王赐银,叶尚夫东天山构造格架及地壳演化[M]南京:南京大学出版社,1993:1225
[10] 杨浩,顾连兴东天山造山带中吐哈地块的认识及意义[J]南京大学学报(地球科学版),1989,25:8286
[11] 顾连兴,胡受奚,于春水,等东天山博格达造山带石炭纪火山岩及其形成地质环境[J]岩石学报,2000,16:305316
[14] 张传恒,王自强,贾维民论造山运动的时间特征[J]地质学报,1997,71:1826
[16] 廖卓庭,刘陆军,张维博格达山西南缘早二叠世磨拉石相沉积组合———桃西沟群[J]地层学杂志,1999,23:190195
[17] 刘兆生吐哈盆地北缘二叠系与三叠系界线[J]地层学杂志,2000,24:310314
[18] 中国科学院南京古生物研究所,新疆地质矿产局地质矿产研究所新疆吉木萨尔大龙口二叠、三叠纪地层及古生物(地质专报地层古生物第3号)[M]北京:地质出版社,1986:137
[19] 古云飞,马明福,苏世龙,等准噶尔盆地白垩系岩相古地理[J]石油实验地质,2003,25:337343
[1] HENDRIX M S,GRAHAM S A,CARROLL A R, et alSedimentary record and climatic implications of recurrent de formation inTianShan:Evidence fromMesozoic strata of thenorthTarim, southernJunggar, andTurpan basins, north westChina[J].GSA Bulletin,1992,104:5379
[2] YU Chunhui,JIANG Yiqin,LIU ShuhuiJurassic sedimen tary boundary between theJunggar andTurpanHami basinsinXinjiang[J]SedimentaryFacies andPaleogeography,1996,16:4854(inChinese)
[3] WANG Zuoxun,WU Jiyi,LU Chaoxi, et alPolycyclicO peningClosingTectonicEvolution andMetallogeny ofTianshan[M]Beijing:SciencePress,1990:1217(inChi nese)
[4] WU Zhizhong,GUO FuxianRe discussion on the relation ship between the thrust tectonics and oil gas inBogdaMountains[J]XinjiangGeology,1991,9:914(inChi nese)
[5] WANG Zongxiu,LI Tao,ZHOU Gaozhi, et alGeologicalrecord of the lateCarboniferous orogeny inBogdaShan,northernTianshanMountains, northwestChina[J]EarthScienceFrontiers,2003,10:6369(inChinese)
[6] GREENE T J,CARROLL A R,HENDRIX M S, et alSed imentary record ofMesozoic deformation and inception of theTurpenHami basin, northwestChina[A]HENDRIX M S,DAVIS G A.Paleozoic andMesozoicTectonicEvolution ofCentralAsia:FromContinentalAssembly toIntracontinentalDeformation[C]GeologicalSociety ofAmericaMemoir,2001,194:317340
[7] FANG GuoqingSedimentological evidence of latePalaeozoicBogda island arc[J]ActaSedimentologicaSinica,1993,11:3136(inChinese)
[8] MA Ruishi,WANG Ciyin,YE ShangfuTectonicFrame work andCrustalEvolution ofEasternTianshanMountains[M]Nanjing:PublishingHouse ofNanjingUniversity,1993:1255(inChinese)
[9] ZHOU D,GRAHAM S A,CHANG E Z, et alPaleozoictectonic amalgamation of theChineseTianShan:Evidencefrom a transect along theDushanziKuqa highway[A ]HENDRIX M S,DAVIS G A.Paleozoic andMesozoicTec tonicEvolution ofCentralAsia:FromContinentalAssemblytoIntracontinentalDeformation[C]GeologicalSociety ofAmericaMemoir,2001,194:2346
[10] YANG Hao,GU LianxingPreliminary discussion on thetectonic significance of theTulufanHamiPrecambrian blockin theEastTianshan orogenic belt[J]Journal ofNanjingUniversity(EarthScienceEdition),1989,25:8286( inChinese)
[11] GU Lianxing,HU Shouxi,YU Chunshui, et alCarbonifer ous volcanites in theBogda orogenic belt of easternTienshan:Their tectonic implications[J ]ActaPetrologicaSinica,2001,16:305316(inChinese)
[12] CARROLL A R,GRAHAM S A,HENDRIX M S, et alLatePaleozoic tectonic amalgamation of northwesternChina:Sedimentary record of the northernTarim, northwesternTurpan, and southernJunggar basins[J]GSA Bulletin,1995,107:571594
[13] LAWTON T F,TREXLER J H JrPiggyback basin in theSevier thrust belt,Utah:Implications for development of thethrust wedge[J]Geology,1991,19:827830
[14] ZHANG Chuanheng,WANG Ziqiang,JIA WeiminOn thetiming of orogeny[J]ActaGeologicaSinica,1997,71:1826(inChinese)
[15] LIAO Zhuoting,LU Linhuang,JIANG Nayan, et alCar boniferous andPermian in the western part of eastMtsTianshan[A]11thInternationalCongress ofCarboniferousStratigraphy andGeology,Guidebook forExcursion4[C]Beijing,China,1987:139
[16] LIAO Zhuoting,LIU Lujun,ZHANG WeiEarlyPermianmolasse facies assemblage on the southwestern slope ofBogdaMountain[J]Journal ofStratigraphy,1999,23:190195(inChinese)
[17] LIU ZhaoshengThePermianTriassic boundary on thenorthern margin of theTurpanHami basin ofXinjiang,NWChina[J]Journal ofStratigraphy,1999,24:310314(inChinese).
[18] NanjingInstitute ofPaleontology ofChinaAcademy ofSci ences,Institute ofGeology andMineralResources ofXin jiangBureau ofGeology andMineralResourcesPermian&TriassicStrata andPaleontology ofDalongkouRegion,Ji musar,Xinjiang(GeologicalMemoirs,3Stratigraphy&PaleontologySeries)[M]Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1986:137(inChinese)
[19] GU Yunfei,MA Mingfu,SU Shilong, et alLithofacies pa leogeography of theCretaceous in theJunggar basin[J]Pe troleumGeology&Experiment,2003,25:337343(inChi nese)
[2] 喻春辉,蒋宜勤,刘树辉准噶尔盆地与吐哈盆地侏罗纪沉积边界的讨论[J]岩相古地理,1996,16:4854
[3] 王作勋,邬继易,吕喜朝,等天山多旋回构造演化及成矿[M]北京:科学出版社,1990:1217
[4] 武致中,郭富贤再论博格达推覆构造与油气[J]新疆地质,1991,9:914
[5] 王宗秀,李涛,周高志,等博格达山晚石炭世造山活动的变形地质记录[J]地学前缘,2003,10:6369
[7] 方国庆博格达晚古生代岛弧的沉积岩石学证据[J]沉积学报,1993,11:3136
[8] 马瑞士,王赐银,叶尚夫东天山构造格架及地壳演化[M]南京:南京大学出版社,1993:1225
[10] 杨浩,顾连兴东天山造山带中吐哈地块的认识及意义[J]南京大学学报(地球科学版),1989,25:8286
[11] 顾连兴,胡受奚,于春水,等东天山博格达造山带石炭纪火山岩及其形成地质环境[J]岩石学报,2000,16:305316
[14] 张传恒,王自强,贾维民论造山运动的时间特征[J]地质学报,1997,71:1826
[16] 廖卓庭,刘陆军,张维博格达山西南缘早二叠世磨拉石相沉积组合———桃西沟群[J]地层学杂志,1999,23:190195
[17] 刘兆生吐哈盆地北缘二叠系与三叠系界线[J]地层学杂志,2000,24:310314
[18] 中国科学院南京古生物研究所,新疆地质矿产局地质矿产研究所新疆吉木萨尔大龙口二叠、三叠纪地层及古生物(地质专报地层古生物第3号)[M]北京:地质出版社,1986:137
[19] 古云飞,马明福,苏世龙,等准噶尔盆地白垩系岩相古地理[J]石油实验地质,2003,25:337343
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