基于南黄海海相油气勘探的地震采集技术研究
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摘要
南黄海盆地中部隆起区前第三系油气储层主要为中古生代海相碳酸盐岩地层,厚度大、分布广,具有良好的油气前景.由于厚度小于1000 m的新近系低速地层直接覆盖在高速碳酸盐岩地层之上,对地震波的向下传播起到了强烈的屏蔽作用,使之深部目的层地震资料品质差,影响了油气勘探的进程.根据区域地质、地球物理特征,进行了基于AVO(Amplitude Versus Offset,振幅随偏移距变化)与地震波吸收衰减的地震反射振幅理论模拟分析,获得了主要反射界面的地震反射振幅与偏移距关系.在对不同气枪、电缆沉放组合的震源子波特征模拟分析的基础上,重点选取波形好、穿透能力强的气枪、电缆沉放组合系列,通过试验选择了适宜的采集参数进行地震资料采集,获得了有效深部弱反射地震信号.
Pre-Tertiary reservoir in the central rise of the Southern Yellow Sea Basin(SYSB) consists of mainly Paleozoic and Mesozoic marine carbonates.It is of huge thickness,wide distribution and good hydrocarbon potential.Neogene low velocity strata with thickness less than 1000 m cover on the high velocity Pre-Tertiary carbonate and induce strong shielding effects on seismic wave propagation,and produce poor quality of seismic data.Therefore,this hampers the progress of hydrocarbon exploration.Based on regional geology and geophysical field in the southern Yellow Sea,theoretical modeling of seismic reflection amplitude with AVO and absorption attenuation was conducted,and the relationship of seismic amplitude and migration distance was gained.On the analysis of wavelet modeling for different airgun and cable sink depth,we chose the gun and stream array with fined waveform and strong penetration.A series of seismic acquisition parameters in the seismic experiment have been gained in order to get the signature of deep reflection.
Pre-Tertiary reservoir in the central rise of the Southern Yellow Sea Basin(SYSB) consists of mainly Paleozoic and Mesozoic marine carbonates.It is of huge thickness,wide distribution and good hydrocarbon potential.Neogene low velocity strata with thickness less than 1000 m cover on the high velocity Pre-Tertiary carbonate and induce strong shielding effects on seismic wave propagation,and produce poor quality of seismic data.Therefore,this hampers the progress of hydrocarbon exploration.Based on regional geology and geophysical field in the southern Yellow Sea,theoretical modeling of seismic reflection amplitude with AVO and absorption attenuation was conducted,and the relationship of seismic amplitude and migration distance was gained.On the analysis of wavelet modeling for different airgun and cable sink depth,we chose the gun and stream array with fined waveform and strong penetration.A series of seismic acquisition parameters in the seismic experiment have been gained in order to get the signature of deep reflection.
引文
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[13]李庆忠.岩石的纵、横波速度规律.石油地球物理勘探, 1992,27(1):1-12 Li Q Z.Velocity regularities of P and S-waves in formations. Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1992,27(1 ):1-- 12
[14]王建花,李庆忠,邱睿.浅层强反射界面的能量屏蔽作用.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):589-596 Wang J H,Li Q Z,Qiu R.Energy shielding action of shallow strong reflection.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2003,38(6):589-596
[15]何汉漪.海上高分辨率地震勘探技术及其应用.北京:地质出版社,2004 He H Y.High Resolution Marine Seismic Survey Techniques and Its Application(in Chinese ).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2004
[16]李庆忠.关于低信噪比地震资料的基本概念和质量改进方向.石油地球物理勘探,1986,21(4):343-364 Li Q Z.The concept of low S/N seismic data and the measures for improving the data quality.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1986,21(4):343-364
[17]张海啓,陈建文,李刚等.地震调查在南黄海崂山隆起的发现及其地质意义.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(3): 107-113 Zhang H Q,Chen J W,Li G,et al.Discovery from seismic survey in Laoshan uplift of the South Yellow Sea and the significance.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),2009,29(3):107-113
[2]王连进,叶加仁,吴冲龙.南黄海盆地前第三系油气地质特征.天然气工业,2005,25(7):1-3 Wang L J,Ye J R,Wu C L.Petroleum geological characteristics of Pre-Tertiary in South Yellow Sea basin. Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2005,25(7):1 -3
[3]戴春山,李刚,蔡峰等.黄海海域前第三系及油气勘探方向.中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(4):225-231 Dai C S,Li G,Cai F,et al.The Pre-Tertiary and its hydrocarbon exploration targets in Yellow Sea.China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology)(in Chinese),2003,17(4): 225-231
[4]蔡乾忠.中国海域及邻区主要含油气盆地与成藏地质条件.海洋地质及第四纪地质,1998,18(4):1-10 Cai Q Z.Primary hydrocarbon-bearing basins and the poolforming conditions in China and adjacent regions.Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),1998,18(4): 1-10
[5]吴志强.黄海地层岩石地球物理特征及其对地震勘探技术的挑战.中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(6):407-411 Wu Z Q.Petrophysical properties of Yellow Sea sediments and their challenges to seismic survey.China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology)(in Chinese),2003,17(6):407-411
[6]戴明刚.黄海地质与地球物理特征研究进展.地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):583-591 Dai M G.Research progress in geology and geophysics characters of the Yellow Sea.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,18(4):583-591
[7]Ziolkowski A.Measurement of air-gun bubble oscillations. Geophysics,1998,63(6):2009-2024
[8]罗桂纯,王宝善,葛洪魁等.气枪震源在地球深部结构探测中的应用研究进展.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):400-407 Luo G C,Wang B S,Ge H K,et al.Progress in earth's deep structures exploration by air gun source.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):400-407
[9]赵明辉,丘学林,夏少红等.大容量气枪震源及其波形特征.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):558-565 Zhao M H,Qiu X L,XiaS H,et al.Large volume air gun sources and its seismic waveform characters.Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(2):558-565
[10]许忠淮,吴少武.南黄海和东海地区现代构造应力场特征的研究.地球物理学报,1997,40(6):773-781 Xu Z H,Wu S W.A study on present-day tectonic stress in the Southern Yellow Sea and East China Sea region.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica )(in Chinese),1997, 40(6):773-781
[11]陈沪生,张永鸿,徐师文等.下扬子及邻区岩石圈结构构造特征与油气资源评价.北京:地质出版社,1999 Chen H S,Zhang Y H,Xu S W,et al.The Lithospheric Textural and Structural Features as well as Oil and Gas Evaluation in the Lower Yangtze Area and Its Adjacent Region,China(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1999
[12]李庆忠.走向精确地震勘探的道路.北京:石油工业出版社, 1993 Li Q Z.The Way to Obtain a Better Resolution in Seismic Prospecting(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993
[13]李庆忠.岩石的纵、横波速度规律.石油地球物理勘探, 1992,27(1):1-12 Li Q Z.Velocity regularities of P and S-waves in formations. Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1992,27(1 ):1-- 12
[14]王建花,李庆忠,邱睿.浅层强反射界面的能量屏蔽作用.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):589-596 Wang J H,Li Q Z,Qiu R.Energy shielding action of shallow strong reflection.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2003,38(6):589-596
[15]何汉漪.海上高分辨率地震勘探技术及其应用.北京:地质出版社,2004 He H Y.High Resolution Marine Seismic Survey Techniques and Its Application(in Chinese ).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2004
[16]李庆忠.关于低信噪比地震资料的基本概念和质量改进方向.石油地球物理勘探,1986,21(4):343-364 Li Q Z.The concept of low S/N seismic data and the measures for improving the data quality.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1986,21(4):343-364
[17]张海啓,陈建文,李刚等.地震调查在南黄海崂山隆起的发现及其地质意义.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(3): 107-113 Zhang H Q,Chen J W,Li G,et al.Discovery from seismic survey in Laoshan uplift of the South Yellow Sea and the significance.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),2009,29(3):107-113
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