华南沿海温泉成因探讨
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摘要
首先分析了华南沿海温泉成因 ,排除该区多数温泉具局部衰变热、岩浆残余热、断层活动热成因的可能性。重点讨论了地下水深特循环的动力学模型 ,分析了地下水循环深度 (相当于张性断层的规模 )和水头压力(相当于地形反差 )对泉温和流量的控制作用 ,并把泉温和流量与理论计算曲线对比 ,从而得出华南温泉为深循环的成因的结论。分析还得出 ,较大地形反差和张性大断裂是温泉形成的两个有利条件 ,如果仅具备其中一个条件 ,那么张性大断裂 (小地形反差 )比大地形反差 (小断裂 )更有利于获得较高泉温。可见 ,温泉深循环的动力学模型对华南沿海地热资源的预测、开发和利用有一定的指导意义。最后 ,简要讨论了温泉与地震的关系
Several opinions about hot spring origin along the coast area of South China are analyzed firstly, in which the opinions of decay heat of local enriched radioative elements, remnant heat of magma, friction heat of fault slip to most hot springs are excluded. Then the dynamic model of deep cycle of underground water is adopted and discussed emphatically. According to the model, two controlling fctors, namely cycle depth (equivalent to the dimension of tensional faults) and water head (equivalent of the topographic contrast), to temperature and discharge of hot springs are analyzed. And still the temperatures and discharges of hot springs in the studied area are correlated to those calculated by the model. The similarity between them also supports the opinion of deep cycle of ground water. Thus, the best conditions for the formation of hot spring are relatively high topography contrast and deep tensional faults. The situation of deep tensional faults with low topographic contrast is better than that of small faults with high topographic contrast in getting higher temperature of hot spring according to the model. It can be seen that deep cycle dynamic model of underground water has particular significance to the prediction and exploration of hot spring in the studied area. The relationship between hot springs and seismic activities is also discussed.
Several opinions about hot spring origin along the coast area of South China are analyzed firstly, in which the opinions of decay heat of local enriched radioative elements, remnant heat of magma, friction heat of fault slip to most hot springs are excluded. Then the dynamic model of deep cycle of underground water is adopted and discussed emphatically. According to the model, two controlling fctors, namely cycle depth (equivalent to the dimension of tensional faults) and water head (equivalent of the topographic contrast), to temperature and discharge of hot springs are analyzed. And still the temperatures and discharges of hot springs in the studied area are correlated to those calculated by the model. The similarity between them also supports the opinion of deep cycle of ground water. Thus, the best conditions for the formation of hot spring are relatively high topography contrast and deep tensional faults. The situation of deep tensional faults with low topographic contrast is better than that of small faults with high topographic contrast in getting higher temperature of hot spring according to the model. It can be seen that deep cycle dynamic model of underground water has particular significance to the prediction and exploration of hot spring in the studied area. The relationship between hot springs and seismic activities is also discussed.
引文
[1] 黄坤荣.华南沿海地区温泉热释放与地震的关系[J].华南地震,1983,3(4):18-29.
[2] TURCOTTE ,KLSCHUBERTG .Geodynamics,applicationsofcontinuumphysicstogeologicalproblems[M].NewYork:JohnWiley&SonsInc,1982:134-422.
[3] 陈定国,姚梅尹.莲花山南段的地震和构造[J].华南地震,1984,4(1):42-51.
[4] 魏柏林.广东省地震构造概论[M].北京:地震出版社,2000:37-43.
[5] 李学伦,孙效功,王永红.山东半岛温泉的分布规律与成因[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1997,27(3):389-396.
[6] 张虎男,陈伟光,黄坤荣,等.华南沿海新构造运动与地质环境[M].北京:地震出版社,1990:附录8-21.
[7] 王春林.华南地区温泉、地震和活动性断裂关系研究∥中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会.中国活动断裂[M].北京:地震出版社,1982:190-195.
[8] 黄玉昆,张珂.广东莲花山断裂带新构造运动特征研究[J].华南地震,1990,10(2):25-34.
[2] TURCOTTE ,KLSCHUBERTG .Geodynamics,applicationsofcontinuumphysicstogeologicalproblems[M].NewYork:JohnWiley&SonsInc,1982:134-422.
[3] 陈定国,姚梅尹.莲花山南段的地震和构造[J].华南地震,1984,4(1):42-51.
[4] 魏柏林.广东省地震构造概论[M].北京:地震出版社,2000:37-43.
[5] 李学伦,孙效功,王永红.山东半岛温泉的分布规律与成因[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1997,27(3):389-396.
[6] 张虎男,陈伟光,黄坤荣,等.华南沿海新构造运动与地质环境[M].北京:地震出版社,1990:附录8-21.
[7] 王春林.华南地区温泉、地震和活动性断裂关系研究∥中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会.中国活动断裂[M].北京:地震出版社,1982:190-195.
[8] 黄玉昆,张珂.广东莲花山断裂带新构造运动特征研究[J].华南地震,1990,10(2):25-34.
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