现代海底热水对流核模式及其油气意义
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摘要
本文简要介绍了海底热水成矿作用的基本概念,重点探讨了现代海底热水成矿作用最新流行的几种成因模式及其油气意义,从理论与实践的结合上较详细地阐述了对流核和地震泵成矿模式的地质环境、成矿物质来源与过程、流体性质及其演化,指出现代海底热水成矿作用中有两点是重要的,即岩浆与海水发生的水岩作用及含矿热水和海水的混合作用。在此基础上深入分析了海底热水金属矿床与油气矿藏独特共生的现象,并对海底热水系统内富CO2-烃类流体的形成、演化及CO2-烃类-金属相互作用问题做了一些讨论,旨在引起人们对现代海底热水成矿作用及其油气勘探研究工作的重视。
The paper briefly introduces the fundamental concept of modern submarine hydrothermal mineralization.Aiming at its some latest prevalent genetic models and oil-gas significance,it expounds convection kern, seismic pump models in light of theory and practice in detail,which not only display geological environment,metallogenic material source and process,fluid character and evolution,but also emphasize water-rock interaction of igneous and seawater and compositing of pay thermal water and seawater importantly.Therefore,it closely analyses distinct symbiosis of seafloor hydrothermal metal deposit and oil-gas ore reserves.The paper makes some discussions of CO_2-hydrocarbon fluid's forms,evolution and CO_2-hydrocarbon-metal interaction in submarine hydrothermal system in order to attach importance to modern submarine hydrothermal mineralization and exploration significance of oil and gas.
The paper briefly introduces the fundamental concept of modern submarine hydrothermal mineralization.Aiming at its some latest prevalent genetic models and oil-gas significance,it expounds convection kern, seismic pump models in light of theory and practice in detail,which not only display geological environment,metallogenic material source and process,fluid character and evolution,but also emphasize water-rock interaction of igneous and seawater and compositing of pay thermal water and seawater importantly.Therefore,it closely analyses distinct symbiosis of seafloor hydrothermal metal deposit and oil-gas ore reserves.The paper makes some discussions of CO_2-hydrocarbon fluid's forms,evolution and CO_2-hydrocarbon-metal interaction in submarine hydrothermal system in order to attach importance to modern submarine hydrothermal mineralization and exploration significance of oil and gas.
引文
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[3]Arrhen ins G O S,Bonatti E.Neptun ism and volcan ismin the ocean[M].In:SearsM eds.Progress in ocea-nography.London:Pergamon Press,1965:7~22
[4]Barnes H L.1979.热液矿床地球化学(陈浩琉,邓燕华译)[M].北京:地质出版社,1985
[5]栾锡武,秦蕴珊.现代海底热液活动的调查研究方法[J].地球物理学进展,2002,12,17(4):592~597
[6]Rona P A,Scott S D.A Spec ial issue on seafloor hydro-therm al m ineralization:new perspectives Preface[J].Econ.Geol.,1993,88:1933~1976
[7]高爱国.海底热水矿床勘探开发战略[J].中国地质,1999,9:8~12
[8]Roscoe S M.Geochem ical and isotop ic stud ies,Noran-da and M atagarm i areas,Canad ian Inst[J].M in ingM etallurgy Trans.,1965,68:279~285
[9]Franklin JM,Lydon JW,SangsterD F.Volcan ic-as-soc iated m assive su lfide deposits[J].Econom ic Geolo-gy,1981,75:485~627
[10]Hutch inson R W,Fye W S,Kerrich R.Deep flu idpenetration and ore deposition[J].M inerals Sc ienceand Engineering,1980,12:197~220
[11]Sh in jo R,Kato Y.Geochem ical constraints on the ori-gin of b imodal m agm atism at the Ok inawa Trough,aninc ip ient back-arc basin[J].L ithos.,2000,54:117~137
[12]陈秀澄.热液环境下非生物成因甲烷的形成和同位素分馏[J].1999,285:12~14
[13]候增谦,韩发,曲晓民,等.现代与古代海底热水成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2003
[14]杜同军,翟世奎,任建国.海底热液活动与海洋科学研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2002,32(4):597~602
[15]Y in A,Harrison TM.Geologic evolution of the H im a-layan-Tibetan orogen[J].Ann.Rev.Earth P lan-et.Sc ience,2000,28:211~280
[16]候增谦,曲晓民,徐明基,等.四川呷村VMS矿床:从野外观察到成矿模型[J].矿床地质,2001,20(1):44~56
[17]林文洲.现代海底热液成矿作用综述[J].成都理工学院学报(增刊),2000,27:264~267
[18]Solom an M.“Volcan ic”m assive su lph ide deposits andthe ir host rocks-a review and an exp lanation.In:W olf K A eds.Handbook of strata-bound and strati-form ore deposits,Ⅱ,Regional stud ies and spec ificdeposits[C].Am sterdam,E lsevier,1976:21~50
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[20]Lydon JW.Volcanogen ic m assive su lfide deposits PartⅠ:a deseriptive model[J].Geosc ience Canada,1984,11:195~202
[21]Sakai H,M atsubaya O.Isotop ic geochem istry of thetherm al water of Japan and its bearing on the Kurokoore solution[J].Econ Geol,1974,69:974~991
[22]Farrell C W,Holland M D,Petersen U.The isotop iccomposition of strontium in barites and anhydrites fromKuroko deposits[J].M in ing Geology,1978,8:281~291
[23]桑斯特D F.层控贱金属矿床及其成矿作用[J].国外矿床地质(增刊),1985:34~35
[24]郭占谦.成矿热液与石油生成[J].新疆石油地质,2001,6,22(3):181~185
[25]孙省利,陈践发,刘文汇,等.热水流体作用与油气的形成[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(3):215~219
[26]Ishibashi J,Urabe T.Hydrothermal activity related to arc-back-arc magmatism in theW estern Pacific.In:Tay-lor,Beds.Backarc Basin:Tectonics and Magmatism[C].New York:Plenum Press,1995:452~495
[27]Von Damm K L,Edmond JM,G rant B et al.Chem is-try of subm arine hydrotherm al solutions at 21°N EastPac ific R ise[J].Geoch im.Cosmoch im.Acta.,1985,49:2197~2220
[28]翟世奎,张杰,张明书,等.冲绳海槽浮岩包裹体的测温试验[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(1):67~73
[29]SakaiH,Gamo T,K im E S,et al.Venting of carbond ioxide-rich flu id and hydrate form ation in M id-O-k inawa Trough backarc basin[J].Sc ience,1990,248:1093~1096
[30]郝英,王定一,冯有良等.胜利油田火山岩中的流体包裹体成分及其意义[J].地球化学,1996,25(5):468~474
[31]储同庆,王鹤年,陈来福.油气田矿物中包裹体研究[J].南京大学学报(地球化学),1995,5(2):259~266
[32]Hou Z Q,L i Y H,A i Y D,et al.Helium isotop iccompositions of the active hydrotherm al system in theOk inawa.Trough:evidence for the m antle-derivedhelium[J].Sc ience in Ch ina,1999,29:155~162
[33]罗德.任芙斯卡娅MN深埋层的含油气性[J].天然气地球科学,2001,12(4-5):48~51
[34]金之钧,杨雷,曾溅辉,等.东营凹陷深部流体活动及其生烃效应初探[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(2):42~44
[35]Lupton J E,K linkhamm er G P,Norm ark W R.Heli-um-3 and m anganese at the 21°N East Pac ific R isehydrotherm al site[J].Earth P lanet.Sc i.Lett.,1980,50:115~127
[36]Ch iba H,Sakai H,Gamo T,et al.1993.Chem istryand isotop ic composition of bubb les em erging from theseafloor at the M inam i-Ense i knoll,Ok inawa trough[C].Japan M arine.Sc ience and Technology Center,Symposium on Deep Sea Research,8 th,Yokosuka,Japan,December 1993,Proceed ings:81~87
[37]Hou Z Q,Zhang Q L.CO2and hydrocarbon-rich flu-ids in subm arine active hydrotherm al system in the O-k inawa Trough:evidence from flu id inc lusions[J].Sc iences in Ch ina,1998,18:142~148
[38]张景廉,王先彬,曹正林.热液烃的生成与深部油气藏[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(5):545~552
[39]S imone it B R T.Petroleum generation in subm arinehydrotherm al system s:an update[J].The Canad ianM ineralogist,1988,26:827~840
[40]S imone it B R T.A lteration and m igration process oforgan ic m atter in hydrotherm al system s and imp lica-tions form etallo-genesis[A].In:G likson M andM astalerz M(eds).O rgan ic M atter and M ineraliza-tion[C].K luwer Academ ic Pub lishers:Printed inG reatB ritain,2000:13~17
[41]Zhang Q L,Hou Z Q,Tang S H.O rgan ic compositionof su lph ide ores in the Ok inawa Trough and its imp lica-tions[J].Acta.Geologica.S in ica,2001,75(2):196~203
[42]Hunt IM.Generation and m igration of petroleum fromabnorm ally pressured flu id compartm ents[J].Am eri-can Assoc iation of Petroleum Geologists Bu lletin,1990,74:1~12
[43]S imone it B R T,Abou l-Kassim T A T,Tiercelin J J.Hydrotherm al petroleum from lacustrine sed im entaryorgan ic m atter in the East A frican R ift[J].App liedGeochem istry,2000,15:355~368
[2]肖荣阁,杨忠芳,杨卫东,等.热水成矿作用[J].地学前缘,1994,10,1(3-4):140~147
[3]Arrhen ins G O S,Bonatti E.Neptun ism and volcan ismin the ocean[M].In:SearsM eds.Progress in ocea-nography.London:Pergamon Press,1965:7~22
[4]Barnes H L.1979.热液矿床地球化学(陈浩琉,邓燕华译)[M].北京:地质出版社,1985
[5]栾锡武,秦蕴珊.现代海底热液活动的调查研究方法[J].地球物理学进展,2002,12,17(4):592~597
[6]Rona P A,Scott S D.A Spec ial issue on seafloor hydro-therm al m ineralization:new perspectives Preface[J].Econ.Geol.,1993,88:1933~1976
[7]高爱国.海底热水矿床勘探开发战略[J].中国地质,1999,9:8~12
[8]Roscoe S M.Geochem ical and isotop ic stud ies,Noran-da and M atagarm i areas,Canad ian Inst[J].M in ingM etallurgy Trans.,1965,68:279~285
[9]Franklin JM,Lydon JW,SangsterD F.Volcan ic-as-soc iated m assive su lfide deposits[J].Econom ic Geolo-gy,1981,75:485~627
[10]Hutch inson R W,Fye W S,Kerrich R.Deep flu idpenetration and ore deposition[J].M inerals Sc ienceand Engineering,1980,12:197~220
[11]Sh in jo R,Kato Y.Geochem ical constraints on the ori-gin of b imodal m agm atism at the Ok inawa Trough,aninc ip ient back-arc basin[J].L ithos.,2000,54:117~137
[12]陈秀澄.热液环境下非生物成因甲烷的形成和同位素分馏[J].1999,285:12~14
[13]候增谦,韩发,曲晓民,等.现代与古代海底热水成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2003
[14]杜同军,翟世奎,任建国.海底热液活动与海洋科学研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2002,32(4):597~602
[15]Y in A,Harrison TM.Geologic evolution of the H im a-layan-Tibetan orogen[J].Ann.Rev.Earth P lan-et.Sc ience,2000,28:211~280
[16]候增谦,曲晓民,徐明基,等.四川呷村VMS矿床:从野外观察到成矿模型[J].矿床地质,2001,20(1):44~56
[17]林文洲.现代海底热液成矿作用综述[J].成都理工学院学报(增刊),2000,27:264~267
[18]Solom an M.“Volcan ic”m assive su lph ide deposits andthe ir host rocks-a review and an exp lanation.In:W olf K A eds.Handbook of strata-bound and strati-form ore deposits,Ⅱ,Regional stud ies and spec ificdeposits[C].Am sterdam,E lsevier,1976:21~50
[19]F in low-Bates T.The chem ical and physical controlson the genesis of subm arine exhalative orebod ies andthe ir imp lications for formu lating exp loration concepts.A review[J].Geol.Juhrb,1980,40:131~168
[20]Lydon JW.Volcanogen ic m assive su lfide deposits PartⅠ:a deseriptive model[J].Geosc ience Canada,1984,11:195~202
[21]Sakai H,M atsubaya O.Isotop ic geochem istry of thetherm al water of Japan and its bearing on the Kurokoore solution[J].Econ Geol,1974,69:974~991
[22]Farrell C W,Holland M D,Petersen U.The isotop iccomposition of strontium in barites and anhydrites fromKuroko deposits[J].M in ing Geology,1978,8:281~291
[23]桑斯特D F.层控贱金属矿床及其成矿作用[J].国外矿床地质(增刊),1985:34~35
[24]郭占谦.成矿热液与石油生成[J].新疆石油地质,2001,6,22(3):181~185
[25]孙省利,陈践发,刘文汇,等.热水流体作用与油气的形成[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(3):215~219
[26]Ishibashi J,Urabe T.Hydrothermal activity related to arc-back-arc magmatism in theW estern Pacific.In:Tay-lor,Beds.Backarc Basin:Tectonics and Magmatism[C].New York:Plenum Press,1995:452~495
[27]Von Damm K L,Edmond JM,G rant B et al.Chem is-try of subm arine hydrotherm al solutions at 21°N EastPac ific R ise[J].Geoch im.Cosmoch im.Acta.,1985,49:2197~2220
[28]翟世奎,张杰,张明书,等.冲绳海槽浮岩包裹体的测温试验[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(1):67~73
[29]SakaiH,Gamo T,K im E S,et al.Venting of carbond ioxide-rich flu id and hydrate form ation in M id-O-k inawa Trough backarc basin[J].Sc ience,1990,248:1093~1096
[30]郝英,王定一,冯有良等.胜利油田火山岩中的流体包裹体成分及其意义[J].地球化学,1996,25(5):468~474
[31]储同庆,王鹤年,陈来福.油气田矿物中包裹体研究[J].南京大学学报(地球化学),1995,5(2):259~266
[32]Hou Z Q,L i Y H,A i Y D,et al.Helium isotop iccompositions of the active hydrotherm al system in theOk inawa.Trough:evidence for the m antle-derivedhelium[J].Sc ience in Ch ina,1999,29:155~162
[33]罗德.任芙斯卡娅MN深埋层的含油气性[J].天然气地球科学,2001,12(4-5):48~51
[34]金之钧,杨雷,曾溅辉,等.东营凹陷深部流体活动及其生烃效应初探[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(2):42~44
[35]Lupton J E,K linkhamm er G P,Norm ark W R.Heli-um-3 and m anganese at the 21°N East Pac ific R isehydrotherm al site[J].Earth P lanet.Sc i.Lett.,1980,50:115~127
[36]Ch iba H,Sakai H,Gamo T,et al.1993.Chem istryand isotop ic composition of bubb les em erging from theseafloor at the M inam i-Ense i knoll,Ok inawa trough[C].Japan M arine.Sc ience and Technology Center,Symposium on Deep Sea Research,8 th,Yokosuka,Japan,December 1993,Proceed ings:81~87
[37]Hou Z Q,Zhang Q L.CO2and hydrocarbon-rich flu-ids in subm arine active hydrotherm al system in the O-k inawa Trough:evidence from flu id inc lusions[J].Sc iences in Ch ina,1998,18:142~148
[38]张景廉,王先彬,曹正林.热液烃的生成与深部油气藏[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(5):545~552
[39]S imone it B R T.Petroleum generation in subm arinehydrotherm al system s:an update[J].The Canad ianM ineralogist,1988,26:827~840
[40]S imone it B R T.A lteration and m igration process oforgan ic m atter in hydrotherm al system s and imp lica-tions form etallo-genesis[A].In:G likson M andM astalerz M(eds).O rgan ic M atter and M ineraliza-tion[C].K luwer Academ ic Pub lishers:Printed inG reatB ritain,2000:13~17
[41]Zhang Q L,Hou Z Q,Tang S H.O rgan ic compositionof su lph ide ores in the Ok inawa Trough and its imp lica-tions[J].Acta.Geologica.S in ica,2001,75(2):196~203
[42]Hunt IM.Generation and m igration of petroleum fromabnorm ally pressured flu id compartm ents[J].Am eri-can Assoc iation of Petroleum Geologists Bu lletin,1990,74:1~12
[43]S imone it B R T,Abou l-Kassim T A T,Tiercelin J J.Hydrotherm al petroleum from lacustrine sed im entaryorgan ic m atter in the East A frican R ift[J].App liedGeochem istry,2000,15:355~368
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