广东沿海陆地表层地质灾害控制因素分析
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摘要
根据地质环境背景资料和近 35 0个地质灾害点和数十个水土流失区的数据库对广东沿海陆地表层地质灾害进行了综合分析和统计分析。结果表明 ,地质灾害的主要控制因素可分为三大类 :地质环境因素、气候气象因素和人类活动因素 ,其中地质环境因素又可分为构造不稳定因素、斜坡不稳定因素和地面不稳定因素。指出 ,在广东沿海地区 ,除了地震灾害外 ,陆地表层地质灾害的主控因素是气候气象因素和人类活动因素 ,这是与山区以地质环境因素 (尤其是内动力作用 )为主是不相同的。降雨强度和时间、台风雨和风暴潮以及人类活动等对边坡和植被的改造是在沿海地区现有的地质环境背景下地质灾害多发的主要动力源。
On the basis of an integrated and statistical analysis of a series of data involving about 350 sites of geological hazards and numerous areas of soil erosion, the authors hold that there are 3 factors controlling geological hazards on the land surface along the coast of Guangdong Province, i.e., the geo-environmental factor which includes tectonic instability, slope instability and ground instability, the climatic-meteorological factor and the human-activity factor. The main factors responsible for the geological hazards along the coast are climatic change and human activity, but there exists no tectonic activation except for earthquake, which is different from things in the mountain area, where endogenic geological dynamic action is the major factor for the geological hazards. Along the coast, the main dynamic sources that bring about geological hazards are the intensity and duration of the rainfall, the intensity of the typhoon and storm tide, the change in slope and vegetation caused by man activity, which all play their roles in forming the geo-environmental background of the area.
On the basis of an integrated and statistical analysis of a series of data involving about 350 sites of geological hazards and numerous areas of soil erosion, the authors hold that there are 3 factors controlling geological hazards on the land surface along the coast of Guangdong Province, i.e., the geo-environmental factor which includes tectonic instability, slope instability and ground instability, the climatic-meteorological factor and the human-activity factor. The main factors responsible for the geological hazards along the coast are climatic change and human activity, but there exists no tectonic activation except for earthquake, which is different from things in the mountain area, where endogenic geological dynamic action is the major factor for the geological hazards. Along the coast, the main dynamic sources that bring about geological hazards are the intensity and duration of the rainfall, the intensity of the typhoon and storm tide, the change in slope and vegetation caused by man activity, which all play their roles in forming the geo-environmental background of the area.
引文
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LumbP .1991.Effectofrainstormsonslopestability.In:LiKS(ed.).SelectedTopicsingeotechnicalEnginnering,LunbVo lume,3～18.
MichaelAF ,DavidJM .1999.AndrewPB .Soilerosionandconser vationinYunnanProvince,China.Ambio,28(2):125～129.
TheEditorialBoardonYearbookofpreventionandcontrolofnaturaldisastersofGuangdongProvince.1997.YearbookofPreventionandControlofNaturalDisastersofGuangdongProvince(1997).Beijing:MeteorologyPress,14～62(inChinese).
TheLandResourcesBureauofGuangdongProvince.1996.AtlasofnaturaldisastersinGuangdongProvince.Guangzhou:GuangdongCartologyPress(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
XiaJinwu,GuoHouzhen.1997.Distributioncharacteristicsandcon trollingfactorsoflandslidesintheupperreachesofYangtzeRiver.HydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology,24(1):19～22.(inChi nesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhanWenhuan,ZhongJianqiang,LiuYixuan.1996.Geologicalha zardsofSouthChinaCoast.Beijing:SciencePress,4～28(inChi nesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhangChengye,HuJingjiang,ZhangChunshan.1995.DangeranalysisandcatastrophicdivisionofChinageologicalhazards.MarineGeo logy&QuaternaryGeology,15(3):55～67(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhangHunan,ChenWeiguang,HuangKunrongetal.1990.Neotec tonicmovementandgeologicalenvironmentalongthecoastofSouthChina.Beijing:SeismologyPress,1～295(inChinesewithEng lishabstract).
ZhangJingwei,YaoQingyun.1994.OntheslopingfieldinSouthChi na.Beijing:SciencePress,(inChinese).
ZhengDu,ShenYuancun.1998.Studiesonprocess,restorationandmanagementofthedegradingslopelands.ActaGeographicaSinica,53(2):116～121(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhuZhaoyu,ZhengHonghan,ZhangGuomeietal.1991.Thedeve lopmentalstagesofredsoilsandtheirweatheringmineralsinthetropicsofSouthChina.QuaternarySciences,(1):18～28(inChinese).
ZhuZhao
陈恩民.1984.华南十九次强震暨南海北部陆缘地震带概述.华南地震,4(1):12～32.
段永候.1997.中国分省地质灾害图集与主要地质灾害类型.水文地质工程地质,24(4):49～52.
广东省防灾减灾年鉴编辑委员会.1997.广东省防灾减灾年鉴(1997年卷).北京:气象出版社,14～62.
广东省国土厅.1996.广东省自然灾害图集.广州:广东省地图出版社,56～67.
靳长兴.1995.论坡面侵蚀的临界坡度.地理学报,50(3):234～238.
李焯芬,陈红.1997.雨水渗透与香港滑坡灾害.水文地质工程地质,24(4):34～38.
刘以宣.1985.华南沿海的活动断裂.海洋地质与第四纪地质,5(3):11～21.
卢耀东.1989.湛江组粘土胀缩性初探.广东地质,4(3):56～65.
夏金梧,郭厚桢.1997.长江上游地区滑坡分布特征及主要控制因素探讨.水文地质工程地质,24(1):19～22.
詹文欢,钟建强,刘以宣.1996.华南沿海地质灾害.北京:科学出版社,4～28.
张业成,胡景江,张春山.1995.中国地质灾害危险性分析与灾变区划.海洋地质与第四纪地质,15(3):55～67.
张虎南,陈伟光,黄坤荣.1990.华南沿海新构造运动与地质环境.北京:地震出版社,1～120.
张经纬,姚清尹.1994.华南坡地研究.北京:科学出版社.郑度,申元村.1998.坡度过程及退化坡地恢复整治研究.地理学报,53(2):116～121.
朱照宇,郑洪汉,张国梅等.1991.华南热带红土期及风化矿物初步研究.第四纪研究,(1):18～28.
朱照宇,周厚云,黄宁生等.2001.广东沿海陆地地质灾害区划.地球学报,22(5):453～458.
BureauofStatistics,GuangdongProvince.1999.StatisticalyearbookofGuangdong(1998).Beijing:ChinaStatisticsPress(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ChenEnmin,HuangYongyin.1984.Anintroductionto19activestrongmotionearthquakesinSouthChinaandtheseismiczoneofthecontinentalmarginonthenorthernpartofSouthSea.JournalofSouthChineseSeismology,4(1):11～32(inChinesewithEng lishabstract).
DaunYonghou.1997.ProvincialatlasandmaintypesofgeohazardsofChina.HydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology,24(4):49～52(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).JinChangxing.1995.Atheoreticalstudyoncriticalerosionsloperadi ent.ActaGeographicaSinica,50(3):234～238(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).LiZhuofen,ChenHong.1997.Rainwaterseepageandlandslidedisas terinHongKong.HydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology,24(4):34～38(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
LiuYixuan.1985.TheactivefracturesinSouthChinaCoast.MarineGeology&QuaternaryGeology,5(3):11～21(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
LuYaodong.1989.Preliminaryinvestigationontheswelling shrinkagecapacityofclayinZhanjiangFormation.GuangdongGeology,4(3):56～65(inChinese).
LumbP .1991.Effectofrainstormsonslopestability.In:LiKS(ed.).SelectedTopicsingeotechnicalEnginnering,LunbVo lume,3～18.
MichaelAF ,DavidJM .1999.AndrewPB .Soilerosionandconser vationinYunnanProvince,China.Ambio,28(2):125～129.
TheEditorialBoardonYearbookofpreventionandcontrolofnaturaldisastersofGuangdongProvince.1997.YearbookofPreventionandControlofNaturalDisastersofGuangdongProvince(1997).Beijing:MeteorologyPress,14～62(inChinese).
TheLandResourcesBureauofGuangdongProvince.1996.AtlasofnaturaldisastersinGuangdongProvince.Guangzhou:GuangdongCartologyPress(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
XiaJinwu,GuoHouzhen.1997.Distributioncharacteristicsandcon trollingfactorsoflandslidesintheupperreachesofYangtzeRiver.HydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology,24(1):19～22.(inChi nesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhanWenhuan,ZhongJianqiang,LiuYixuan.1996.Geologicalha zardsofSouthChinaCoast.Beijing:SciencePress,4～28(inChi nesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhangChengye,HuJingjiang,ZhangChunshan.1995.DangeranalysisandcatastrophicdivisionofChinageologicalhazards.MarineGeo logy&QuaternaryGeology,15(3):55～67(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhangHunan,ChenWeiguang,HuangKunrongetal.1990.Neotec tonicmovementandgeologicalenvironmentalongthecoastofSouthChina.Beijing:SeismologyPress,1～295(inChinesewithEng lishabstract).
ZhangJingwei,YaoQingyun.1994.OntheslopingfieldinSouthChi na.Beijing:SciencePress,(inChinese).
ZhengDu,ShenYuancun.1998.Studiesonprocess,restorationandmanagementofthedegradingslopelands.ActaGeographicaSinica,53(2):116～121(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhuZhaoyu,ZhengHonghan,ZhangGuomeietal.1991.Thedeve lopmentalstagesofredsoilsandtheirweatheringmineralsinthetropicsofSouthChina.QuaternarySciences,(1):18～28(inChinese).
ZhuZhao
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