碳酸盐岩缝洞系统研究现状与展望
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摘要
碳酸盐岩地层因裂缝和岩溶的发育 ,可成为优质储层 ,塔河 4号油田即为典型实例。根据裂缝分布模式、产状、规模、充填、连通、成因等因素 ,可将裂缝划分为不同类型。按裂缝切割关系、充填成分、充填期次、测井响应特征与构造应力场的不同可对裂缝进行期次划分。岩性、岩层厚度、断裂作用、构造应力场、局部构造、地层负荷与岩溶作用是控制裂缝发育的主要因素。古岩溶作用主要包括沉积岩溶、风化壳岩溶、缝洞系岩溶等几大类。古岩溶在演化过程中经历了同沉积期、风化壳期、埋藏期、后生变化期等。从形态上可将岩溶分为溶痕、溶穴、溶隙和洞穴 ,在垂向上可划分为地表岩溶带、渗流岩溶带和潜流岩溶带。气候、岩性、构造及水文、地貌等因素则控制着古岩溶的发育。缝洞系统的研究应包括 3个层次 ,即通过露头与岩芯来研究缝洞的产状、组系、发育、成因、充填及分布 ;通过钻录井、测井、地震、裂缝测井等资料来识别裂缝及分布、发育规律 ;通过地震、测井、构造应力场模拟等对缝洞进行预测。今后 ,缝洞系统的研究应以完善和提高已有的技术方法、加强新技术方法的应用、寻求更有效的理论与技术方法和各种方法的综合运用为重点和方向
With well development of rift and karst,carbonate rock stratum might be a high quality of reservoir,Tahe No.4 oilfield is a typical example.The rift can be divided into various types on the basis of factors of its distribution pattern,occurrence,size,filling,connection and origin.stages division of the rift can be done according to various intersect relations of the rift,various filling compositions,filling stages,logging corresponding characteristics and different structural stress fields.Lithology,rock stratum thickness,fracture process,structural stress field,local structure,stratum load and karst process are all main controlling factors for the development of the rift.Palaeokarst process mainly consists of several types of sediment karst,weathered crust karst and karst of rift-cavity system etc.Paleaokarst had experienced periods of syndeposition,crust of weathering,burial and epigenetic variation in the course of evolution.Paleaokarst might be classified,paternally as karst trace,karst cave,karst pore and cave,vertically as surface karst belt,seepage flow karst belt and underflow karst belt.The development of paleaokast is controlled by several factors of climate,lithology,structure,hydrology and landform.The study of karst of rift-cavity system shall be divided into 3 stages:study karst of rift-cavity' occurrence,organizational system,development,origin,filling and distribution by observing outcrops and rock cores.Distinguish regularity of rifts and their distribution and development by studying and interpreting data collected from well drilling,logging,seism and rifts logging etc.predicate karst of rift-cavity by seism,logging and simulation of structural stress fields.The study of karst of rift-cavity system shall be based on improving and perfecting available technical methods,enforcing application of new technical methods,stressing the importance and orientation of comprehensive application of various methods by seeking more effective theories and technical methods.
With well development of rift and karst,carbonate rock stratum might be a high quality of reservoir,Tahe No.4 oilfield is a typical example.The rift can be divided into various types on the basis of factors of its distribution pattern,occurrence,size,filling,connection and origin.stages division of the rift can be done according to various intersect relations of the rift,various filling compositions,filling stages,logging corresponding characteristics and different structural stress fields.Lithology,rock stratum thickness,fracture process,structural stress field,local structure,stratum load and karst process are all main controlling factors for the development of the rift.Palaeokarst process mainly consists of several types of sediment karst,weathered crust karst and karst of rift-cavity system etc.Paleaokarst had experienced periods of syndeposition,crust of weathering,burial and epigenetic variation in the course of evolution.Paleaokarst might be classified,paternally as karst trace,karst cave,karst pore and cave,vertically as surface karst belt,seepage flow karst belt and underflow karst belt.The development of paleaokast is controlled by several factors of climate,lithology,structure,hydrology and landform.The study of karst of rift-cavity system shall be divided into 3 stages:study karst of rift-cavity' occurrence,organizational system,development,origin,filling and distribution by observing outcrops and rock cores.Distinguish regularity of rifts and their distribution and development by studying and interpreting data collected from well drilling,logging,seism and rifts logging etc.predicate karst of rift-cavity by seism,logging and simulation of structural stress fields.The study of karst of rift-cavity system shall be based on improving and perfecting available technical methods,enforcing application of new technical methods,stressing the importance and orientation of comprehensive application of various methods by seeking more effective theories and technical methods.
引文
1 陈钢花,吴文圣,王中文,等利用地层微电阻率成像测井识别裂缝[J]测井技术,1999,23(4):279～281,298
2 魏成章,李忠春,吴昌吉柴达木盆地南翼山凝析气藏裂缝性储层特征[J]天然气工业,1999,19(4):5～7
3 周文,刘家铎,胡文艳,等埕岛中东部潜山带古生界和太古界储层裂缝分布评价[J]矿物岩石,2000,20(1):52～56
4 周永昌,王新维,杨国龙塔里木盆地阿克库勒地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩成藏条件及勘探前景[J]石油与天然气地质,2000,21(2):104～109
5 王秀娟,孙贻铃,迟博,等松辽盆地三肇地区油田储层裂缝及地应力特征[J]高校地质学报,1999,5(3):328～333
6 康沛泉赤水地区阳新统古岩溶[J]贵州地质,2000,17(2):92～98
7 曾联波雷家油田下第三系低渗透储层裂缝特征[J]石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):167～169
8 关睢,李军,郭季丽塔中地区碳酸盐岩储集层测井评价[J]石油勘探与开发,1998,25(4):84～86
9 夏义平,柴桂林,汪昌贵,等塔里木盆地轮南地区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层的控制因素分析[J]现代地质,2000,14(2):185～189
10 邬光辉,李建平,卢玉红塔中Ⅰ号断裂带奥陶系灰岩裂缝特征探讨[J]石油学报,1999,20(4):19～23
11 李昌金赤水地区碳酸盐缝洞型气藏地质模型讨论[J]贵州地质,2000,17(2):71～78
12 马振芳,于忠平,周树勋,等鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系古风化壳储集层的分形及灰色系统评价[J]石油勘探与开发,2000,27(1):32～34
13 梁百和,王英华,朱素琳中扬子区晚石炭世碳酸盐岩的古岩溶成岩相[J]中山大学学报(自然科学版),1998,37(2):191～196
14 王永刚,李振春,邵雨利用地震资料预测储层裂缝发育带[J]石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24(4):79～82
15 景永奇,秦瑞宝利用裂缝指示曲线判别花岗山潜山纵向裂缝发育带[J]测井技术,1999,23(1):38～42
16 李定龙,杨为民,汪才会,等皖北奥陶系古岩溶分期、分类及岩溶岩特征[J]淮南工业学院学报,1999,19(1):5～11
17 杨唐斌用斯通利波评价裂缝的有效性[J]测井技术,1998,22(2):132～136
18 蓝江华四川盆地大池干井构造带石炭系古岩溶储层成因模式[J]成都理工学院学报,1999,26(1):23～27
19 欧阳健测井地应力分析[J]新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):213～217
20 卢颖忠,黄智辉,管志宁,等储裂缝特征测井解释方法综述[J]地质科技情报,1998,17(1):85～90
21 余春昊,李长文利用斯通利波信息进行裂缝评价[J]测井技术,1998,22(3):273～277
22 田金文,高谦,杜拥军,等基于井壁成像测井图像的溶洞自动检测方法[J]江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(2):20～22,30
23 李国蓉从成岩角度看鄂尔多斯马家沟组碳酸盐岩中的裂缝及其储集意义[J]岩相古地理,1997,17(3):46～53
24 郑荣才储层裂缝研究的新方法———声发射实验[J]石油与天然气地质,1998,19(3):186～189
25 李明,李宁林,赵一民塔里木盆地某区碳酸盐岩裂缝储层预测研究[J]石油物探,2000,39(2):24～35
26 张小平用三维地震信息研究碳酸盐岩裂缝型油气藏[J]天然气工业,1997,17(5):16～19
27 万新南,石豫川,郑聪斌,等陕甘宁盆地中部深埋藏古岩溶自封闭体系与气、水分布特征[J]成都理工学院学报,1997,24(增刊):136～141
28 李定龙古岩溶和古岩溶地球化学概念与研究展望[J]高校地质学报,1999,5(2):232～240
29 黄尚瑜,宋焕荣川东石炭系岩演形成溶化环境[J]成都理工学院学报,1997,24(增刊):127～135
30 张美良,林玉石,邓自强岩溶沉积———堆积建造类型及其特征[J]中国岩溶,1998,17(2):168～178
31 张抗塔河油田的发现及其地质意义[J]石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):120～124
32 李德文,崔之久,刘耕年湘桂黔滇藏一线覆盖型岩溶地貌特征与岩溶(双层)夷平面[J]山地学报,2000,18(4):289～295
33 周路,白玉雷,李洪辉应用地震低速异常带特征研究轮南地区奥陶系古岩溶[J]石油勘探与开发,1998,25(1):29～31
34 王强,牟慧蓉,刘太福北京西山奥陶系岩溶发育特征及其成因初探[J]北京地质,1998,3:1～9
35 王运生,金以钟四川盆地下二叠统白云岩及古岩溶的形成与峨眉地裂运动的关系[J]成都理工学院学报,1997,24(1):8～16
36 宋惠珍脆性岩储层裂缝定量预测的尝试[J]地质力学学报,1999,5(1):76～84
37 陆正元四川盆地下二叠统高自然伽马溶洞储层[J]石油学报,1999,20(5):24～26
38 尹志军,黄述旺,陈崇河用三维地震资料预测裂缝[J]石油勘探与开发,1999,26(1):78～80
39 王增银,沈继方,万军伟清江高坝坎地区古岩溶角砾岩特征及形成条件[J]地球科学———中国地质大学学报,1998,23(5):524～528
2 魏成章,李忠春,吴昌吉柴达木盆地南翼山凝析气藏裂缝性储层特征[J]天然气工业,1999,19(4):5～7
3 周文,刘家铎,胡文艳,等埕岛中东部潜山带古生界和太古界储层裂缝分布评价[J]矿物岩石,2000,20(1):52～56
4 周永昌,王新维,杨国龙塔里木盆地阿克库勒地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩成藏条件及勘探前景[J]石油与天然气地质,2000,21(2):104～109
5 王秀娟,孙贻铃,迟博,等松辽盆地三肇地区油田储层裂缝及地应力特征[J]高校地质学报,1999,5(3):328～333
6 康沛泉赤水地区阳新统古岩溶[J]贵州地质,2000,17(2):92～98
7 曾联波雷家油田下第三系低渗透储层裂缝特征[J]石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):167～169
8 关睢,李军,郭季丽塔中地区碳酸盐岩储集层测井评价[J]石油勘探与开发,1998,25(4):84～86
9 夏义平,柴桂林,汪昌贵,等塔里木盆地轮南地区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层的控制因素分析[J]现代地质,2000,14(2):185～189
10 邬光辉,李建平,卢玉红塔中Ⅰ号断裂带奥陶系灰岩裂缝特征探讨[J]石油学报,1999,20(4):19～23
11 李昌金赤水地区碳酸盐缝洞型气藏地质模型讨论[J]贵州地质,2000,17(2):71～78
12 马振芳,于忠平,周树勋,等鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系古风化壳储集层的分形及灰色系统评价[J]石油勘探与开发,2000,27(1):32～34
13 梁百和,王英华,朱素琳中扬子区晚石炭世碳酸盐岩的古岩溶成岩相[J]中山大学学报(自然科学版),1998,37(2):191～196
14 王永刚,李振春,邵雨利用地震资料预测储层裂缝发育带[J]石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24(4):79～82
15 景永奇,秦瑞宝利用裂缝指示曲线判别花岗山潜山纵向裂缝发育带[J]测井技术,1999,23(1):38～42
16 李定龙,杨为民,汪才会,等皖北奥陶系古岩溶分期、分类及岩溶岩特征[J]淮南工业学院学报,1999,19(1):5～11
17 杨唐斌用斯通利波评价裂缝的有效性[J]测井技术,1998,22(2):132～136
18 蓝江华四川盆地大池干井构造带石炭系古岩溶储层成因模式[J]成都理工学院学报,1999,26(1):23～27
19 欧阳健测井地应力分析[J]新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):213～217
20 卢颖忠,黄智辉,管志宁,等储裂缝特征测井解释方法综述[J]地质科技情报,1998,17(1):85～90
21 余春昊,李长文利用斯通利波信息进行裂缝评价[J]测井技术,1998,22(3):273～277
22 田金文,高谦,杜拥军,等基于井壁成像测井图像的溶洞自动检测方法[J]江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(2):20～22,30
23 李国蓉从成岩角度看鄂尔多斯马家沟组碳酸盐岩中的裂缝及其储集意义[J]岩相古地理,1997,17(3):46～53
24 郑荣才储层裂缝研究的新方法———声发射实验[J]石油与天然气地质,1998,19(3):186～189
25 李明,李宁林,赵一民塔里木盆地某区碳酸盐岩裂缝储层预测研究[J]石油物探,2000,39(2):24～35
26 张小平用三维地震信息研究碳酸盐岩裂缝型油气藏[J]天然气工业,1997,17(5):16～19
27 万新南,石豫川,郑聪斌,等陕甘宁盆地中部深埋藏古岩溶自封闭体系与气、水分布特征[J]成都理工学院学报,1997,24(增刊):136～141
28 李定龙古岩溶和古岩溶地球化学概念与研究展望[J]高校地质学报,1999,5(2):232～240
29 黄尚瑜,宋焕荣川东石炭系岩演形成溶化环境[J]成都理工学院学报,1997,24(增刊):127～135
30 张美良,林玉石,邓自强岩溶沉积———堆积建造类型及其特征[J]中国岩溶,1998,17(2):168～178
31 张抗塔河油田的发现及其地质意义[J]石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):120～124
32 李德文,崔之久,刘耕年湘桂黔滇藏一线覆盖型岩溶地貌特征与岩溶(双层)夷平面[J]山地学报,2000,18(4):289～295
33 周路,白玉雷,李洪辉应用地震低速异常带特征研究轮南地区奥陶系古岩溶[J]石油勘探与开发,1998,25(1):29～31
34 王强,牟慧蓉,刘太福北京西山奥陶系岩溶发育特征及其成因初探[J]北京地质,1998,3:1～9
35 王运生,金以钟四川盆地下二叠统白云岩及古岩溶的形成与峨眉地裂运动的关系[J]成都理工学院学报,1997,24(1):8～16
36 宋惠珍脆性岩储层裂缝定量预测的尝试[J]地质力学学报,1999,5(1):76～84
37 陆正元四川盆地下二叠统高自然伽马溶洞储层[J]石油学报,1999,20(5):24～26
38 尹志军,黄述旺,陈崇河用三维地震资料预测裂缝[J]石油勘探与开发,1999,26(1):78～80
39 王增银,沈继方,万军伟清江高坝坎地区古岩溶角砾岩特征及形成条件[J]地球科学———中国地质大学学报,1998,23(5):524～528
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