全球构造研究的思考
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摘要
“板块构造”并不直接等价于全球构造。将各板块同一构造力学属性和特征的边界分别连接起来 ,可以建立起环太平洋深俯冲构造系、南半球为主体的洋脊构造系和北半球为主体的陆 /陆浅俯冲构造系 ,它们空间展布的分区 ,揭示了全球表层构造格架具有N/S半球与 0°/ 180°半球双棕胀缩耦合非对称性。这一认识获得全球地热与地幔质量分布非均一性的初步证明。此全球构造格局和运动 ,可作为启发和约束地幔运动和动力学分析的表层边界条件。全球板块内部的次级构造 ,在大陆型板内有两种 ,一是以盆、山、原 (高、低 )作为次级构造单元 ,重点是研究它们的演化耦合关系 ;二是以次板块、地块、块体之类的概念作为次级、再次级构造单元 ,重点是研究块体以及多块体之间的应力、应变和运动的相互关系。两种研究方式的不同 ,也可能与研究的目的和时间尺度要求不同有关。两者能否融合 ,应不应该融合 ,需深入思考。地球多圈层相互作用的科学目的是建立地球大系统科学。流体地球部分与固体地球部分以往因研究的时间尺度很难匹配而分立。但地球一系列“微动态”行为 ,如地震、火山、洋脊涌流等 ,其时间尺度和多级的动态韵律与地球流体的动态韵律是可以比较的。固体地球微动态行为对地下流体的运动有重要影响。
The “plate tectonics” cannot be directly equivalent to the global tectonics, because it is based on the data from oceans on the earth. Development of earth sciences requires new thinking on the global tectonics beyond the theory of plate tectonics. Linking the boundaries of all the plates, which have the same structural and mechanical features, the structure of the earth surface can be described by three tectonic systems of global scale. They are the deep subduction tectonic system around the Pacific, the oceanic ridge tectonic system that is primarily distributed on the South Hemisphere, and the continent-continent shallow underthrusting tectonic system on the North Hemisphere. Their spatial distribution indicates that the global tectonics has a double asymmetry between the North and South Hemispheres and between the 0° and 180 °hemispheres, which are coupled through expansion and contraction. This inference is supported by the non-uniform distribution of geotherm and mantle mass of the earth. Such a pattern of global tectonics and motion can be used as the surface boundary constraint for analysis of mantle movement and dynamics. The secondary tectonics of plate interiors on the earth has two types in continents. One is characterized by basins, mountain ranges, and plateaus (high and low), of which the study is focused on their evolution and coupling relationships. The other is based on the concepts of subplates, blocks, and terrains, which form the secondary and sub-secondary tectonic units, and require the analyses of stress and strain in these blocks as well as the relative motion between them. Different study methods for these two types of tectonics are likely associated with various research purposes and times scales. It should be considered whether these two aspects can be fused into each other, and how they are joined together. The final goal of the research on interaction between layers within the earth is to establish a big system science of the earth. Because of various time scales for studies of fluid and solid portions of the earth, it is difficult to combine these studies and thus resulting in separate disciplines. However, for a series of ”micro-dynamic” behaviors of the solid earth, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and surge along oceanic ridges, their time scales and dynamic rhythms are comparable with those of fluids of the earth. And the micro-dynamic behaviors of the solid earth have significant influences on the motion of underground fluids.
The “plate tectonics” cannot be directly equivalent to the global tectonics, because it is based on the data from oceans on the earth. Development of earth sciences requires new thinking on the global tectonics beyond the theory of plate tectonics. Linking the boundaries of all the plates, which have the same structural and mechanical features, the structure of the earth surface can be described by three tectonic systems of global scale. They are the deep subduction tectonic system around the Pacific, the oceanic ridge tectonic system that is primarily distributed on the South Hemisphere, and the continent-continent shallow underthrusting tectonic system on the North Hemisphere. Their spatial distribution indicates that the global tectonics has a double asymmetry between the North and South Hemispheres and between the 0° and 180 °hemispheres, which are coupled through expansion and contraction. This inference is supported by the non-uniform distribution of geotherm and mantle mass of the earth. Such a pattern of global tectonics and motion can be used as the surface boundary constraint for analysis of mantle movement and dynamics. The secondary tectonics of plate interiors on the earth has two types in continents. One is characterized by basins, mountain ranges, and plateaus (high and low), of which the study is focused on their evolution and coupling relationships. The other is based on the concepts of subplates, blocks, and terrains, which form the secondary and sub-secondary tectonic units, and require the analyses of stress and strain in these blocks as well as the relative motion between them. Different study methods for these two types of tectonics are likely associated with various research purposes and times scales. It should be considered whether these two aspects can be fused into each other, and how they are joined together. The final goal of the research on interaction between layers within the earth is to establish a big system science of the earth. Because of various time scales for studies of fluid and solid portions of the earth, it is difficult to combine these studies and thus resulting in separate disciplines. However, for a series of ”micro-dynamic” behaviors of the solid earth, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and surge along oceanic ridges, their time scales and dynamic rhythms are comparable with those of fluids of the earth. And the micro-dynamic behaviors of the solid earth have significant influences on the motion of underground fluids.
引文
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[12] MAZongjin,DUPinren.Orientationalmigrationofearthquakesanddroughtsandformationmechanism[J].QuaternarySci ences,1999(5):397403(inChinese). [马宗晋,杜品仁.地震和干旱的定向迁移及其机制[J].第四纪研究,1999(5):397403.]
[13] MAZongjin,DUPinren.Furtherthinkingonthetectonicther mal upwellingmodel[J].SeismologyandGeology,2000,22(1):5964(inChinese). [马宗晋,杜品仁.关于构造热涌模型的进一步思考[J].地震地质,2000,22(1):5964.]
[2] MAZongjin,CHENQiang.Globalseismotectonicsystemsandtheearth’sasymmetry[J].ScienceinChina(SeriesB),1988,33(1):121128. [马宗晋,陈强.全球地震构造系统与地球的非对称性[J].中国科学(B),1988(10):10921099.]
[3] MAZongjin,GAOXianglin,RENJinwei.Thefeaturesofcon temporaryglobaltectonicsanditsdynamicexplanation[J].Qua ternarySciences,1992(4):293305(inChinese). [马宗晋,高祥林,任金卫.现今全球构造特征及其动力学解释[J].第四纪研究,1992(4):293305.]
[4] MAZongjin,DUPinren.TheProblemsonRecentCrustalMovement[M ].Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1995(inChinese). [马宗晋,杜品仁.现今地壳运动问题[M ].北京:地质出版社,1995.]
[5] MAZongjin,SONGXiaodong,DUPinren,etal.Asymmetrybetweenthesouthernandnorthernhemisphereoftheearth[J].ChineseJournalofGeophysics,2002,45(1):2633(inChi nese). [马宗晋,宋晓东,杜品仁,等.地球南北半球的非对称性[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(1):2633.]
[6] MAZongjin,DUPinren,HONGHanjing.StructureandDy namicsoftheEarth[M ].Guangzhou:GuangdongScienceandTechnologyPress,2003(inChinese). [马宗晋,杜品仁,洪汉净.地球构造与动力学[M ].广州:广东科技出版社,2003.]
[7] ZHANGPeizhen,WANGQi,MAZongjin.GPSvelocityfieldandactivecrustalblocksofcontemporarytectonicdeformationincontinentalChina[J].EarthScienceFrontiers,2002,9(2):430441(inChinese). [张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430441.]
[8] MAZongjin,WANGGuoquan.Strip sharpedtectonicdivisionofcontemporarylithosphericstructureofeasternChina[J].Geo logicalJournalofChinaUniversities,1999,5(1):716(inChinese). [马宗晋,王国权.中国大陆东部现今岩石圈结构的板条构造分区[J].高校地质学报,1999,5(1):716.]
[9] MORGANWJ .Deepmantleconvectionplumesandplatemo tions[J].AmerAssocPetrolGeolBull,1972,56:203213.
[10] MAZongjin,MOXuanxue.Time spaceindicationsoftheearth’srhythmanditsdynamics[J].EarthScienceFrontiers,1997,4(34):211221(inChinese). [马宗晋,莫宣学.地球韵律的时空表现及动力问题[J].地学前缘,1997,4(34):211221.]
[11] MAZongjin,DUPinren,LUMiaoan.Multi layeredinteractionoftheearth[J].EarthScienceFrontiers,2001,8(1):37(inChinese). [马宗晋,杜品仁,卢苗安.地球的多圈层相互作用[J].地学前缘,2001,8(1):37.]
[12] MAZongjin,DUPinren.Orientationalmigrationofearthquakesanddroughtsandformationmechanism[J].QuaternarySci ences,1999(5):397403(inChinese). [马宗晋,杜品仁.地震和干旱的定向迁移及其机制[J].第四纪研究,1999(5):397403.]
[13] MAZongjin,DUPinren.Furtherthinkingonthetectonicther mal upwellingmodel[J].SeismologyandGeology,2000,22(1):5964(inChinese). [马宗晋,杜品仁.关于构造热涌模型的进一步思考[J].地震地质,2000,22(1):5964.]
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