利用重复地震观测地壳介质变化
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摘要
利用天然重复地震观测地壳介质速度随时间的变化,其精度主要受地震定位精度、重复地震位置不一致以及震相读取误差等影响,这限制了其在实际中的应用。文中提出利用射线追踪方法对重复地震进行位置归一处理,并且采用波形互相关技术消除震相读取误差影响,从而达到提高精度的目的。根据上述方法原理,利用大姚地区重复地震观测该地区地壳介质随时间的变化。结果表明,该方法能够有效地提高测量的精度,并且显示在2003年大姚6.2级、6.1级地震前出现了短期的地壳介质速度明显升高的现象。
The accuracy of measuring crustal media variation by using repeating earthquakes is controlled by several factors,including the accuracy of earthquake location,dissimilar position of repeating earthquakes,and the error of phase reading,which restrict its application in practice.In this paper we present normalizing the position of repeating earthquakes by using ray tracing,and eliminating the effects of phase reading error by waveform cross-correlation methods that improve the precision in measuring media variation with time.According to the methods mentioned above,we measured the variations of Dayao crustal media with time by using repeating earthquakes.The results indicate that the measuring accuracy can be effectively improved by this method,showing that the short-term velocity variation of crustal media appears before Dayao M=6.2 and M=6.1 earthquakes in 2003.
The accuracy of measuring crustal media variation by using repeating earthquakes is controlled by several factors,including the accuracy of earthquake location,dissimilar position of repeating earthquakes,and the error of phase reading,which restrict its application in practice.In this paper we present normalizing the position of repeating earthquakes by using ray tracing,and eliminating the effects of phase reading error by waveform cross-correlation methods that improve the precision in measuring media variation with time.According to the methods mentioned above,we measured the variations of Dayao crustal media with time by using repeating earthquakes.The results indicate that the measuring accuracy can be effectively improved by this method,showing that the short-term velocity variation of crustal media appears before Dayao M=6.2 and M=6.1 earthquakes in 2003.
引文
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[7]Zhang J,Song X D,Li Y C,et al.Inner core differential motion confirmed by earthquake waveformdoublets[J].Science,2005,309:1 357-1 360.
[8]蒋长胜,吴忠良.由“重复地震”给出的中国地震台网的定位精度估计[J].中国地震,2005,21(2):147-154.
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[13]闻学泽.中国大陆活动断裂的段破裂地震复发行为[J].地震学报,1999,21(4):411-418.
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[17]林建民,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.重复地震及其在人工探测中的潜在应用[J].中国地震,2006,22(1):1-9.
[18]Um J,Thurber C H.A fast for two-point seismic tracing[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1987,77(3):972-986.
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[22]Eberhart-Phillips D,Chadwick M.Estimating slab earthquake response spectra from a 3D Q model[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,2003,93(6):2 649-2 663.
[23]Hansen S,Thurber C,Mandernach M,et al.Seismic velocity and attenuation structure of the eastrift zone and south Flank of Kilauea volcano,Hawaii[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,2004,94(4):1 430-1 440.
[24]Rietbrock A.P wave attenuation structure in the fault area of the 1995 Kobe earthquake[J].J Geo-phys Res,2001,106(B3):4 141-4 154.
[25]白超英.中强地震密集区与未来强震三要素关系的研究[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(1):48-54.
[26]陈立德.丽江7.0级地震短临异常特征及震源硬化模型[J].地震,1998,18(1):7-13.
[27]陈立德.震源硬化模型的理论、实验及观测事实依据[J].地震,2000,20(1):1-9.
[2]Adams R D.Source characteristics of some deep New Zealand earthquakes[J].New Zealand Journalof Geology and Geophysics.1963,6(2):209-220.
[3]Isacks B L,Sykes L R,Oliver J.Spatial and temporal clustering of deep and shallow earthquakes inthe Fiji-Tonga kermadec region[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1967,57(5):935-958.
[4]Poupinet G,Ellsworth W L,Frechet J.Monitoring velocity variations in the crust using earthquakedoublets:an application to the Calaveras Fault,California[J].J Geophys Res,1984,89(B7):5 719-5 731.
[5]Rubin A M.Using repeating earthquakes to correct high-precision earthquake catalogs for time-de-pendent station delays[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,2002,92(5):1 647-1 659.
[6]Schaff D P,Richards P G.Repeating seismic events in China[J].Science,2004,303:1 176-1 178.
[7]Zhang J,Song X D,Li Y C,et al.Inner core differential motion confirmed by earthquake waveformdoublets[J].Science,2005,309:1 357-1 360.
[8]蒋长胜,吴忠良.由“重复地震”给出的中国地震台网的定位精度估计[J].中国地震,2005,21(2):147-154.
[9]Wallance R E.Earthquake recurrence intervals on the San Andreas fault[J].Bull Geol Soc Amer,1970,81:2 875-2 890.
[10]Savage J C,Cockerham R S.Quasi-periodic occurrence of earthquakes in the 1978—1986 Bishop-Mammoth Lakes Sequence,eastern California[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1987,77(4):1 347-1 358.
[11]马瑾,许秀琴.地震重复间隔及震时位移与无震位移比值的实验研究[J].地震,1989,9(1):10-18.
[12]程海旭,吴开统.断层滑动速率、地震重复时间和平均应力降[J].地球物理学进展,1996,11(1):75-87.
[13]闻学泽.中国大陆活动断裂的段破裂地震复发行为[J].地震学报,1999,21(4):411-418.
[14]冉勇康,邓起东.大地震重复特征与平均重复间隔的取值问题[J].地震地质,1999,21(4):316-324.
[15]Roberts P M.Development of active doublet method for monitoring small changes in crustal proper-ties[J].Seismol Res Lett,1991,62(1):36-37.
[16]Roberts P M,Phillips W S,Fehler M C.Development of active doublet method for measuring smallvelocity and attenuation changes in solids[J].J Acoust Soc Am,1992,91(6):3 291-3 302.
[17]林建民,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.重复地震及其在人工探测中的潜在应用[J].中国地震,2006,22(1):1-9.
[18]Um J,Thurber C H.A fast for two-point seismic tracing[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1987,77(3):972-986.
[19]Luo Y,Schuster G T.Wave-equation traveltime invertion[J].Geophysics,1991,56(5):645-653.
[20]Marquering H,Dahlen F A,Nolet G.Three-dimensional sensitivity kernels for finite-frequencytraveltimes:the banana-doughnut paradox[J].Geophys J Int,1999,137:805-815.
[21]Haberland C,Rietbrock A.Attenuation tomography in the western central Andes:A detailed in-sight into the structure of a magmatic arc[J].J Geophys Res,2001,106(B6):11 151-11 167.
[22]Eberhart-Phillips D,Chadwick M.Estimating slab earthquake response spectra from a 3D Q model[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,2003,93(6):2 649-2 663.
[23]Hansen S,Thurber C,Mandernach M,et al.Seismic velocity and attenuation structure of the eastrift zone and south Flank of Kilauea volcano,Hawaii[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,2004,94(4):1 430-1 440.
[24]Rietbrock A.P wave attenuation structure in the fault area of the 1995 Kobe earthquake[J].J Geo-phys Res,2001,106(B3):4 141-4 154.
[25]白超英.中强地震密集区与未来强震三要素关系的研究[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(1):48-54.
[26]陈立德.丽江7.0级地震短临异常特征及震源硬化模型[J].地震,1998,18(1):7-13.
[27]陈立德.震源硬化模型的理论、实验及观测事实依据[J].地震,2000,20(1):1-9.
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