库车前陆盆地白垩系层序地层样式及控制因素分析
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摘要
白垩系库车坳陷是在南天山强烈逆冲导致的挠曲沉降背景下发育的前陆盆地。综合地震、钻井和露头资料对白垩系进行了层序地层划分,共分出2个区域性的沉积旋回或构造层序、8个三级层序;区内各层序及其内部体系域总体呈现东西向展布、南北向分异的特点;建立了两种层序地层学框架模式:卡普沙良群构造层序具有典型前陆盆地挤压深陷特征,沉积构成反映了从前陆逆冲挠曲沉降到回弹上隆的演化过程;巴什基齐克组构造层序具有宽缓、伸展的特点,层序地层框架模式及内部地层构成样式有其独特性。白垩系前陆盆地的层序地层格架和沉积体系域的配置受到前陆构造作用的控制,而气候及湖平面变化则主要影响层序地层格架内的沉积相类型。
The cretaceous Kuqa depression is a foreland basin generated by flexural subsidence resulting from the southward thrusting of the southern Tianshan Mountains. This paper has divided Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy of Kuqa foreland basin into two tectonic sequences and eight 3rd order sequences based on outcrops, well loggings and seismographic profiles. The sequences and system tracts in the Kuqa foreland basin spread from east to west as a whole and vary obviously from south to north. Two different models of sequence stratigraphic framework were established through studying the internal composition of sequence strata and boundary of individual sequences. In the kapushaliangqun group, this basin appeared as a strong compressive piedmont alluvial-hungry basin, a typical foreland basin. The development of sequence is attributed to the foreland tectonic process from flexural subsidence caused by thrust loading to rebounded uplift due to the erosion and stress release. In contrast, the basin shows smooth and expansive features in the bashijiqike age,and it has a unique model of sequence stratigraphy framework and special internal stratigraphic composition. The sequence framework and depositional pattern of the Cretaceous foreland basin were predominantly determined by the foreland tectonism and the changes of climate mainly impacted on sedimentary facies within sequence frameworks.
The cretaceous Kuqa depression is a foreland basin generated by flexural subsidence resulting from the southward thrusting of the southern Tianshan Mountains. This paper has divided Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy of Kuqa foreland basin into two tectonic sequences and eight 3rd order sequences based on outcrops, well loggings and seismographic profiles. The sequences and system tracts in the Kuqa foreland basin spread from east to west as a whole and vary obviously from south to north. Two different models of sequence stratigraphic framework were established through studying the internal composition of sequence strata and boundary of individual sequences. In the kapushaliangqun group, this basin appeared as a strong compressive piedmont alluvial-hungry basin, a typical foreland basin. The development of sequence is attributed to the foreland tectonic process from flexural subsidence caused by thrust loading to rebounded uplift due to the erosion and stress release. In contrast, the basin shows smooth and expansive features in the bashijiqike age,and it has a unique model of sequence stratigraphy framework and special internal stratigraphic composition. The sequence framework and depositional pattern of the Cretaceous foreland basin were predominantly determined by the foreland tectonism and the changes of climate mainly impacted on sedimentary facies within sequence frameworks.
引文
1 贾进华.库车前陆盆地白垩纪巴什基奇克组沉积层序与储层研究.地学前缘,2000,7(3):133~143[Jia Jinhua.Depositional sequence and reservoir of Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Kuqa foreland ba-sin.Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):133~143]
2 梅冥相,于炳松,靳卫广.塔里木盆地库车坳陷白垩纪层序地层格架及古地理演化.古地理学报,2004,6(3):261~278[Mei Mingx-iang,Yu Binsong,Jin Weigang.Sequence stratigraphic framework and palaeogeography evolution of the Cretaceous in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(3):261~278]
3 王家豪,王华,陈红汉,等.库车前陆盆地前渊带层序地层分析———以白垩系卡普沙量群为例.地质科技情报,2005,24(1):25~29[Wang Jiahao,Wang Hua,Chen Honghan,et al.Sequence stratig-raphy of the foredeep in Kuqa foreland basin,Xinjiang:an example from the cretaceous Kapushaliang group.Geological Science and Tech-nology Information,2005,24(1):25~29]
4 Heller P L,Angevine C L,Winslow N S.Two-phase stratigraphic model of foreland-basin sequences.Geology,1988,16:501~504
5 王清晨,李忠.盆山耦合与沉积盆地成因.沉积学报,2003,21(1):24~30[Wang Qingcheng,Li Zhong.Basin-orogen coupling and origin of sedimentary basins.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(1):24~30]
6 汪泽成,刘和甫,熊宝贤,等.从前陆盆地充填地层分析盆山耦合关系.地球科学———中国地质大学学报,2001,26(1):33~39[Wang Zecheng,Liu Hefu,Xiong Baoxiang,et al.Basin mountain cou-pling analysis from filling stratigraphy of foreland basin.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2001,26(1):33~39]
7 Brett C E,Goodman WM,Loduca S T.Sequences,cycles,and basin dy-namics in the Silurian of the Appalachian Foreland Basin.Sedimentary Geology,1990,69:191~224
8 Weimer R J.Development in sequence stratigraphy:foreland and cra-tons basins.AAPG Bulletin,1992,76(7):965~982
9 Posamentier H W,Allen G P.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphic pat-terns in foreland ramp-type basins.Geology,1993,21:455~458
10 Van Wagoner J C,Bertram G T.Sequence stratigraphy of foreland ba-sin deposits-outcrop and subsurface examples from the Cretaceous of North America.AAPG Memoir,1995,64
11 夏文臣,周杰,袁伟,等.华南晚三叠世前陆盆地的成因地层格架及演化历史.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,1994,19(1):19-30[Xia Wencheng,Zhou Jie,Yuan Wei,et al.Genetic stratigraphic framework and evolutional history of late Triassic foreland basins in south China.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosci-ences,1994,19(1):19~30]
12 林畅松,刘景彦,张燕梅,等.库车墩陷第三系构造层序的构成特征及其对前陆构造作用的响应.中国科学(D辑),2002,32(3):177~183[Lin Changsong,Liu Jingyan,Zhang Yanmei,et al.Deposi-tional architecture of the Tertiary tectonic sequences and their response to foreland tectonism in the Kuqa depression.Science in China(Se-ries D),2002,32(3):177~183]
13 朱玉新,郭庆银,邵新军,等.新疆塔里木盆地库车坳陷北缘白垩系储层沉积相研究.古地理学报,2000,2(4):58~65[Zhu Yuxin,Guo Qingxin,Shao Xinjun,et al.Study on reservoir sedimentary facies of the Cretaceous in the north of Kuqa depression,Tarim basin,Xin-jiang.Journal of Palaeogeography,2000,2(4):58~65]
14 Trexler J H,Nitchman S P.Sequence stratigraphy and evolution of the Antler foreland basin,east-central Nevada.Geology,1990,18:422~425
15 梅冥相,靳卫广,于炳松,等.沙漠沉积体系的层序地层学研究—以新疆库车盆地下白垩统为例.现代地质,2003,17(1):59~67[Mei Mingxiang,Jin Weiguang,Yu Binsong,et al.Study on sequence stratigraphy of the desert system:an example from the lower series of Cretaceous in the Kuqa basin in Xinjiang.Geoscience-Journal of Grad-uate School,China University of Geosciences,2003,17(1):59~67]
2 梅冥相,于炳松,靳卫广.塔里木盆地库车坳陷白垩纪层序地层格架及古地理演化.古地理学报,2004,6(3):261~278[Mei Mingx-iang,Yu Binsong,Jin Weigang.Sequence stratigraphic framework and palaeogeography evolution of the Cretaceous in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(3):261~278]
3 王家豪,王华,陈红汉,等.库车前陆盆地前渊带层序地层分析———以白垩系卡普沙量群为例.地质科技情报,2005,24(1):25~29[Wang Jiahao,Wang Hua,Chen Honghan,et al.Sequence stratig-raphy of the foredeep in Kuqa foreland basin,Xinjiang:an example from the cretaceous Kapushaliang group.Geological Science and Tech-nology Information,2005,24(1):25~29]
4 Heller P L,Angevine C L,Winslow N S.Two-phase stratigraphic model of foreland-basin sequences.Geology,1988,16:501~504
5 王清晨,李忠.盆山耦合与沉积盆地成因.沉积学报,2003,21(1):24~30[Wang Qingcheng,Li Zhong.Basin-orogen coupling and origin of sedimentary basins.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(1):24~30]
6 汪泽成,刘和甫,熊宝贤,等.从前陆盆地充填地层分析盆山耦合关系.地球科学———中国地质大学学报,2001,26(1):33~39[Wang Zecheng,Liu Hefu,Xiong Baoxiang,et al.Basin mountain cou-pling analysis from filling stratigraphy of foreland basin.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2001,26(1):33~39]
7 Brett C E,Goodman WM,Loduca S T.Sequences,cycles,and basin dy-namics in the Silurian of the Appalachian Foreland Basin.Sedimentary Geology,1990,69:191~224
8 Weimer R J.Development in sequence stratigraphy:foreland and cra-tons basins.AAPG Bulletin,1992,76(7):965~982
9 Posamentier H W,Allen G P.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphic pat-terns in foreland ramp-type basins.Geology,1993,21:455~458
10 Van Wagoner J C,Bertram G T.Sequence stratigraphy of foreland ba-sin deposits-outcrop and subsurface examples from the Cretaceous of North America.AAPG Memoir,1995,64
11 夏文臣,周杰,袁伟,等.华南晚三叠世前陆盆地的成因地层格架及演化历史.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,1994,19(1):19-30[Xia Wencheng,Zhou Jie,Yuan Wei,et al.Genetic stratigraphic framework and evolutional history of late Triassic foreland basins in south China.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosci-ences,1994,19(1):19~30]
12 林畅松,刘景彦,张燕梅,等.库车墩陷第三系构造层序的构成特征及其对前陆构造作用的响应.中国科学(D辑),2002,32(3):177~183[Lin Changsong,Liu Jingyan,Zhang Yanmei,et al.Deposi-tional architecture of the Tertiary tectonic sequences and their response to foreland tectonism in the Kuqa depression.Science in China(Se-ries D),2002,32(3):177~183]
13 朱玉新,郭庆银,邵新军,等.新疆塔里木盆地库车坳陷北缘白垩系储层沉积相研究.古地理学报,2000,2(4):58~65[Zhu Yuxin,Guo Qingxin,Shao Xinjun,et al.Study on reservoir sedimentary facies of the Cretaceous in the north of Kuqa depression,Tarim basin,Xin-jiang.Journal of Palaeogeography,2000,2(4):58~65]
14 Trexler J H,Nitchman S P.Sequence stratigraphy and evolution of the Antler foreland basin,east-central Nevada.Geology,1990,18:422~425
15 梅冥相,靳卫广,于炳松,等.沙漠沉积体系的层序地层学研究—以新疆库车盆地下白垩统为例.现代地质,2003,17(1):59~67[Mei Mingxiang,Jin Weiguang,Yu Binsong,et al.Study on sequence stratigraphy of the desert system:an example from the lower series of Cretaceous in the Kuqa basin in Xinjiang.Geoscience-Journal of Grad-uate School,China University of Geosciences,2003,17(1):59~67]
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