南海北部神狐海域海底滑坡在地震剖面上的识别及形成机制
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摘要
海底滑坡广泛发育于海底陆坡,是沉积物往深海盆地搬运的重要方式。大规模的突发性海底滑坡事件不但可以改变海底地形地貌,还可能触发海啸,给沿海地区居民的生命和财产带来巨大损失。对海底滑坡地震响应特征进行研究,可以推断其物质来源、形成机制以及演化模式,为人类的防灾减灾提供科学依据。神狐海域地处被动大陆边缘,海底构造复杂,大陆坡较陡,具有发育海底滑坡的条件。结合最新采集的三维地震数据,在南海北部神狐海域发现了多期海底滑坡,研究表明,这些海底滑坡在地形上具有以下特征:在坡度剧烈变化处,有弧形主陡坎,沿着主要陡坎的两侧向下延伸则会出现近平行的侧壁,在海底峡谷侧壁和在较顺直的海底斜坡上存在圈椅状陡坎或陡壁。在对研究区海底滑坡的地震响应特征分析的基础上,研究了海底滑坡的地貌特征、内部结构及几何形态,探讨了南海北部陆坡神狐海域海底滑坡的形成机制,对于开展区域海洋工程,防止灾害发生具有重要意义。
Submarine landslide occurs widely on the continental slope.It is one of the major forces affecting the morphology of continental margin,and one of the major mechanisms to transport sediments from the shallow water to the deep basin.Episodic large-scale submarine landslide may trigger tsunami and cause huge losses in property and human life in coastal areas.Therefore,it is of significance to investigate the distribution,source,mechanism and evolution of submarine landslides.The South China Sea is of a passive continental margin,characterized by rifted and rotated fault blocks and steep continental slope.Therefore,there are often submarine sliding.Typical geomorphologic features of a submarine landslide include an arcuate headscarp,a sharp valley with sub-parallel sidewalls and slumped material at the base of the valley sometimes.Some slumps have been discovered in the Shenhu area on the north margin of South China Sea with 3D seismic data.In this paper,we discussed the triggering mechanism of sea bottom slumping in the study area in addition to morphological features and seismic identification criteria.
Submarine landslide occurs widely on the continental slope.It is one of the major forces affecting the morphology of continental margin,and one of the major mechanisms to transport sediments from the shallow water to the deep basin.Episodic large-scale submarine landslide may trigger tsunami and cause huge losses in property and human life in coastal areas.Therefore,it is of significance to investigate the distribution,source,mechanism and evolution of submarine landslides.The South China Sea is of a passive continental margin,characterized by rifted and rotated fault blocks and steep continental slope.Therefore,there are often submarine sliding.Typical geomorphologic features of a submarine landslide include an arcuate headscarp,a sharp valley with sub-parallel sidewalls and slumped material at the base of the valley sometimes.Some slumps have been discovered in the Shenhu area on the north margin of South China Sea with 3D seismic data.In this paper,we discussed the triggering mechanism of sea bottom slumping in the study area in addition to morphological features and seismic identification criteria.
引文
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[12]吴时国,秦志亮,王大伟,等.南海北部陆坡块体搬运沉积体系的地震响应与成因机制[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3 184-3 195.
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[14]Hampton M A,Lee H J,Locat J.Submarine landslides[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1996,34(1):33-59.
[15]Locat J,Lee H J.Submarine landslide:advances and chal-lenges[J].Geotechnical Journal,2002,39(1):193-212.
[16]Kristoffersen Y,Coakley B J,Hall J K,et al.Mass wastingon the submarine Lomonosov Ridge,central Arctic Ocean[J].Marine Geology,2007,243:132-142.
[17]Vanneste M,Mienert J,Bünz S.The Hinlopen Slide:A gi-ant,submarine slope failure on the northern Svalbard mar-gin,Arctic Ocean[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,245(1/2):373-388.
[18]Imbo Y,Batist M D,Canals M,et al.The Gebra Slide:asubmarine slide on the Trinity Peninsula Margin,Antarcti-ca[J].Marine Geology,2003,193(3/4):235-252.
[19]Haflidason H,Sejrup H P,Nygard A,et al.The StoreggaSlide:architecture,geomet ry and slide development[J].Marine Geology,2004,213(1/4):201-234.
[20]吴时国,陈珊珊,王志君,等.大陆边缘深水区海底滑坡及其不稳定性风险评估[J].现代地质,2008,22(3):430-437.
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[23]Terzaghi K.Varieties of submarine slope failures[C]∥Proceedings the 8th Texas Conference on Soil Mechanicsand Fondation Engineering.Austin:University of Texa,1956:1-41.
[24]Wells J T,Coleman J M.Physical processes and fine-grained sediment dynamics,coast of Surinam,South Amer-ica[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1981,51(4):1 053-1 068.
[25]胡光海,刘忠臣,孙永福,等.海底斜坡土体失稳的研究进展[J].海岸工程,2004,23(1):63-72.
[26]柳保军,袁立忠,申俊,等.南海北部陆坡古地貌特征与1318Ma以来珠江深水扇[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):476-482.
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[28]谭文化.海南岛周边海域底质碎屑矿物分布及其物源分布[D].北京:中国地质大学,2007.
[29]阎贫,刘昭蜀,姜绍仁.东沙群岛海域的折射地震探测[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,2(4):55-63.
[30]宋海滨.天然气水合物体系动态演化研究(Ⅱ):海底滑坡[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):503-511.
[31]Kayen R E,Lee H.Pleistocene slope instability of gas hy-drate laden sediment on the Beaufort Sea Margin[J].Ma-rine Geotech nology,1991,10(1):125-141.
[32]甘华阳,王家生,胡高伟.海洋沉积物中的天然气水合物与海底滑坡[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2004,24(2):177-181.
[33]颜文涛,陈建文,范德江.海底滑坡与天然气水合物之间的相互关系[J].海洋地质动态,2006,22(12):38-40.
[2]刘锡清,刘守全,王圣洁,等.南海灾害地质发育规律初探[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002,13(1):12-16.
[3]吴时国,赵汗青,伍向阳,等.深水钻井安全的地质风险评价技术研究[J].海洋科学,2007,31(4):77-80.
[4]董冬冬,赵汗青,吴时国,等.深水钻井中浅水流灾害问题及其地球物理识别技术[J].海洋通报,2007,26(1):114-120.
[5]Kvenvolden K A.Gas hydrate-geological perspective andglobal change[J].Rev.Geophys.1993,31(2):173-187.
[6]MacDonald G J.Role of methane clathrates in past and fu-ture climates[J].Clim.Change,1990,16(3):247-281.
[7]Thiem,Berntsen J,Eldevik T,et al.Gas exploration be-yond the shelf break:An oceanographic challenge[J].En-vironmental Modelling&Software,2006,21:136-141.
[8]Brown H E,Holbrook W S,Hornbach M J,et al.Slidestructure and role of gas hydrate at the northern boundaryof the Storegga Slide,off shore Norway[J].Marine Geolo-gy,2006,229(314):179-186.
[9]吴时国,姚根顺,董冬冬,等.南海北部陆坡大型气田天然气水合物的成藏地质构造特征[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):324-328.
[10]吴时国,姚伯初.天然气水合物赋存的地质构造分析与资源评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:16-20.
[11]刘锋,吴时国,孙运宝,等.南海北部陆坡水合物分解引起海底不稳定性的定量分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(4):946-953.
[12]吴时国,秦志亮,王大伟,等.南海北部陆坡块体搬运沉积体系的地震响应与成因机制[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3 184-3 195.
[13]寇养琦.南海北部大陆边缘海底滑坡的初步研究[J].南海地质研究,1993(5):43-50.
[14]Hampton M A,Lee H J,Locat J.Submarine landslides[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1996,34(1):33-59.
[15]Locat J,Lee H J.Submarine landslide:advances and chal-lenges[J].Geotechnical Journal,2002,39(1):193-212.
[16]Kristoffersen Y,Coakley B J,Hall J K,et al.Mass wastingon the submarine Lomonosov Ridge,central Arctic Ocean[J].Marine Geology,2007,243:132-142.
[17]Vanneste M,Mienert J,Bünz S.The Hinlopen Slide:A gi-ant,submarine slope failure on the northern Svalbard mar-gin,Arctic Ocean[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,245(1/2):373-388.
[18]Imbo Y,Batist M D,Canals M,et al.The Gebra Slide:asubmarine slide on the Trinity Peninsula Margin,Antarcti-ca[J].Marine Geology,2003,193(3/4):235-252.
[19]Haflidason H,Sejrup H P,Nygard A,et al.The StoreggaSlide:architecture,geomet ry and slide development[J].Marine Geology,2004,213(1/4):201-234.
[20]吴时国,陈珊珊,王志君,等.大陆边缘深水区海底滑坡及其不稳定性风险评估[J].现代地质,2008,22(3):430-437.
[21]薛万俊.南海地质论文集[C].广州:国土资源部广州海洋地质调查局,1991.
[22]Henkel D J.The role of waves in causing submarine land-slides[J].Geotechnique,1970,20(3):75-80.
[23]Terzaghi K.Varieties of submarine slope failures[C]∥Proceedings the 8th Texas Conference on Soil Mechanicsand Fondation Engineering.Austin:University of Texa,1956:1-41.
[24]Wells J T,Coleman J M.Physical processes and fine-grained sediment dynamics,coast of Surinam,South Amer-ica[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1981,51(4):1 053-1 068.
[25]胡光海,刘忠臣,孙永福,等.海底斜坡土体失稳的研究进展[J].海岸工程,2004,23(1):63-72.
[26]柳保军,袁立忠,申俊,等.南海北部陆坡古地貌特征与1318Ma以来珠江深水扇[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):476-482.
[27]邵磊,庞雄,陈长民,等.南海北部渐新世末沉积环境及物源突变事件[J].中国地质,2007,34(6):1022-1 031.
[28]谭文化.海南岛周边海域底质碎屑矿物分布及其物源分布[D].北京:中国地质大学,2007.
[29]阎贫,刘昭蜀,姜绍仁.东沙群岛海域的折射地震探测[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,2(4):55-63.
[30]宋海滨.天然气水合物体系动态演化研究(Ⅱ):海底滑坡[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):503-511.
[31]Kayen R E,Lee H.Pleistocene slope instability of gas hy-drate laden sediment on the Beaufort Sea Margin[J].Ma-rine Geotech nology,1991,10(1):125-141.
[32]甘华阳,王家生,胡高伟.海洋沉积物中的天然气水合物与海底滑坡[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2004,24(2):177-181.
[33]颜文涛,陈建文,范德江.海底滑坡与天然气水合物之间的相互关系[J].海洋地质动态,2006,22(12):38-40.
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