近500年中国及邻区强震空间格局及迁移模式初步分析
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摘要
介绍了中国及邻区地震目录数据库的开发状况 ,从历史强震、近代强震及强震震源深度等几个方面 ,结合我国及邻区板块构造以及应力状态、壳幔结构的东西部差异对我国强震的空间格局进行了较为系统的分析 .公元 190 0年以前我国华北地区的强震呈现出大梯形格局 ,而公元 190 0年之后我国强震则以西部的巨大扇形为主要特征 ,其中震源深度最深的区域分别位于大扇形的 2个顶点处 ,即兴都库什—帕米尔以及缅印交界地区 .就我国强震所特有的空间分布格局对我国强震的线性以及区域性迁移模式进行了总结和分析 ,其中线性迁移模式又可细分为前进跳跃式和钟摆式 .对文中涉及的强震迁移机制分别利用断层破裂、弹簧 -滑块、壳幔的结构性差异以及它们之间的相对运动等模型进行了初步的解释 .
The development of the seismic database of China and its adjacent areas is introduced in the first part of this paper. Based on the combination of the difference between western and eastern parts of China on plate tectonics, stress state and structure of crust-mantle, the authors analyze the spatial pattern of strong earthquakes from aspects of the whole dataset, historical seismic records, instrumental records and hypocenter depth. It is found that before 1900 DC, North China presented the great trapeziform pattern. After 1900 DC, the west part of China was characterized by the huge sector, with the deepest regions of foci located in the two vertices of the huge sector, namely Xingdukushi-Pamier region and the area along the border of India and Burma. Then, the linear and regional migrating modes are summarized according to the spatial pattern of strong earthquakes in China. Detailedly, the linear migration can be subdivided into two modes, straight jumping and pendulum. The mechanisms of all types of migrating modes are briefly discussed based on the models of fault fracture, spring-block, structural difference between crust and mantle and their relative movement as well.
The development of the seismic database of China and its adjacent areas is introduced in the first part of this paper. Based on the combination of the difference between western and eastern parts of China on plate tectonics, stress state and structure of crust-mantle, the authors analyze the spatial pattern of strong earthquakes from aspects of the whole dataset, historical seismic records, instrumental records and hypocenter depth. It is found that before 1900 DC, North China presented the great trapeziform pattern. After 1900 DC, the west part of China was characterized by the huge sector, with the deepest regions of foci located in the two vertices of the huge sector, namely Xingdukushi-Pamier region and the area along the border of India and Burma. Then, the linear and regional migrating modes are summarized according to the spatial pattern of strong earthquakes in China. Detailedly, the linear migration can be subdivided into two modes, straight jumping and pendulum. The mechanisms of all types of migrating modes are briefly discussed based on the models of fault fracture, spring-block, structural difference between crust and mantle and their relative movement as well.
引文
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[16]环文林,张晓东,吴宣,等.中国地震区、带划分研究[A].中国地震区划学术讨论会文集[C].北京:地震出版社,1998.129-139.HUANWL ,ZHANGXD ,WUX ,etal.ResearchonseismicregionandbeltzoninginChina[A].ThesisofacademicdiscussionofChinaseismiczoning[C].Bei jing:SeismologicalPress,1998.129-139.
[17]裴韬.中国及邻区大型地震数据库时空特征分析及其方法研究[D].北京:中科院地理科学与资源研究所,2000.1-127.PEIT .Spatio temporalcharacteristicanalysisanditsmethodsresearchintolargescaleseismicdatabaseofChi naanditsadjacentareas[D].Beijing:InstituteofGeo graphicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CAS ,2000.1-127.
[18]韩志军.集成地震数据库系统建设及地震序列提取与分析方法研究[D].北京:中科院地理科学与资源研究所,2002.1-130.HANZJ .Constructionofintegrateseismicdatabasesys temandmethodsresearchofformandanalysisintoearthquakesequence[D].Beijing:InstituteofGeo
[2]傅征祥,姜立新.中国大陆及邻区大尺度浅源强震空间分布不均匀性及其板块耦合机制[J].中国地震,1997,13(1):1-10.FUZX ,JIANGLX .Onlarge scalespatialhetero geneitiesofgreatshallowearthquakesandtheplatescou plingmechanisminChinesemainlandanditsadjacentarea[J].EarthquakeResearchinChina,1997,13(1):1-10.
[3]徐道一,郑炳华,王湘南.中国大陆及邻区8级地震的空间有序性[J].华南地震,1999,19(2):1-6.XUDY ,ZHENGBH ,WANGXN .Thespatialor deringofMs≥8earthquakesinChinacontinentanditsadjacentareas[J].SouthChinaJournalofSeismology,1999,19(2):1-6.
[4]丁国瑜,李永善.我国地震活动与地壳现代破裂网络[J].地质学报,1979,53(1):22-33.DINGGY ,LIYS .SeismicityandtherecentfracturingpatternoftheearthcrustinChina[J].ActaGeologicaSinica,1979,53(1):22-33.
[5]丁国瑜.中国岩石圈动力学概论[M ].北京:地震出版社,1992.179-270.DINGGY .LithosphericdynamicsofChina[M ].Bei jing:SeismologicalPress,1992.179-220.
[6]童远林.一种可能的中强地震空间分布方式[J].地震,1999,19(4):408-412.TONGYL .Aconceivablespatialdistributionofmoder atelystrongearthquake[J].Earthquake,1999,19(4):408-412.
[7]顾方琦,张枝榴.本世纪华东地区两种不同空间分布类型的地震活动性分析[J].地震学刊,1999,(1):36-41.GUFQ ,ZHANGZL .AnalysisoftwotypesofspacedistributionsofEastChinaseismicityof20thcentury[J].JournalofSeismology,1999,(1):36-41.
[8]时振梁,环文林,曹新玲,等.中国地震活动的某些特征[J].地球物理学报,1974,17(1):1-13.SHIZL ,HUANWL ,CAOXL ,etal.Somecharac teristicsofseismicityinChina[J].ActaGeophysicaSini ca,1974,17(1):1-13.
[9]顾方琦,张春芝,张枝榴,等.1970年以来华东地区地震活动主体区的迁移[J].地震地质,2001,21(3):475-480.GUFQ ,ZHANGCZ ,ZHANGZL ,etal.MigrationofthemainseismicareasinEastChinasince1970[J].SeismologyandGeology,2001,21(3):475-480.
[10]闻学泽,AllenCR ,罗灼礼,等.鲜水河全新世断裂带的分段性、几何特征及其地震构造意义[J].地震学报,1989,11(4):362-372.WENXZ ,AllenCR ,LUOZL ,etal.Segmentation,geometricfeatures,andtheirseismotectonicimplicationsfortheHoloceneXianshuihefaultzone[J].ActaSeis mologicaSinica,1989,11(4):362-372.
[11]傅征祥.中国大陆地震活动性力学研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1997.23-267.FUZX .ResearchonthemechanicsofseismicityinChi nacontinent[M ].Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1997.23-267.
[12]马宗晋,李献智.全球Ms≥734级地震的定向迁移[J].地震地质,1994,16(2):127-136.MAZJ ,LIXZ .Globalorientationalmigrationofearth quakeswithmagnitudeMs≥734[J].SeismologyandGeology,1994,16(2):127-136.
[13]马宗晋,杜品仁.地震和干旱的定向迁移及其机制[J].第四纪研究,1999,(5):397-403.MAZJ ,DUPR .Orientationalmigrationofearth quakesanddroughtsandformationmechanism[J].QuaternarySciences,1999,(5):397-403.
[14]毛可,石特临,杨立明.南北地震带强震迁移特征及其预测意义[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(4):6-11.MAOK ,SHITL ,YANGLM .Themigratorycharac terofstrongearthquakesinthenorth southseismicbeltanditssignificanceforprediction[J].NorthWesternSeismologicalJournal,1997,19(4):6-11.
[15]国家地震局.中国地震烈度区划图(1990)概论[M ].北京:地震出版社,1996.1-173.StateSeismologicalBureau.Anintroductiontoseismicintensityzoningmap(1990)[M ].Beijing:Seismologi calPress,1996.1-173.
[16]环文林,张晓东,吴宣,等.中国地震区、带划分研究[A].中国地震区划学术讨论会文集[C].北京:地震出版社,1998.129-139.HUANWL ,ZHANGXD ,WUX ,etal.ResearchonseismicregionandbeltzoninginChina[A].ThesisofacademicdiscussionofChinaseismiczoning[C].Bei jing:SeismologicalPress,1998.129-139.
[17]裴韬.中国及邻区大型地震数据库时空特征分析及其方法研究[D].北京:中科院地理科学与资源研究所,2000.1-127.PEIT .Spatio temporalcharacteristicanalysisanditsmethodsresearchintolargescaleseismicdatabaseofChi naanditsadjacentareas[D].Beijing:InstituteofGeo graphicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CAS ,2000.1-127.
[18]韩志军.集成地震数据库系统建设及地震序列提取与分析方法研究[D].北京:中科院地理科学与资源研究所,2002.1-130.HANZJ .Constructionofintegrateseismicdatabasesys temandmethodsresearchofformandanalysisintoearthquakesequence[D].Beijing:InstituteofGeo
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