缝洞性碳酸盐岩油气藏开发对策——以塔河油田主体开发区奥陶系油气藏为例
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摘要
塔河油田奥陶系油气藏是典型的古岩溶缝洞性碳酸盐岩油气藏,开发初期采取滚动勘探开发模式、分批次动用储量、“点、线、面”复合直井井网控制储量、以地震属性的提取与分析为主的储层预测与识别技术、深度酸压和侧钻水平井等技术取得了较好效果,使开发井建产成功率由不足60%提高到85%以上,探明石油地质储量突破5×108t,油田年产量达到350×104t。随着开发进程的深入,对缝洞储集体的识别精度不够,缝洞性油藏储量的可信度低,开发中后期缺乏提高采收率和单井产能的对策等方面影响了开发效果的进一步提高。为此,下步的开发工作中应采取以下措施:1)以动用储量或可采储量作为开发方案编制或调整的依据;2)用直井加水平井的复合井网增加对储量的控制;3)重新划分开发单元;4)采用单井控制储量规模确定合理开发井数;5)以合理生产压差确定单井配产。
Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe oilfield are typical fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs of fossil karst type.Progressive exploration and development pattern was adopted in the initial stage of development.Reserves were brought into production stage by stage.Vertical well pattern combining the selected "spots,lines and the whole area" was applied to control the reserves.Reservoir prediction and identification technologies with extraction and analysis of seismic attribute as the core,as well as strong acid fracturing and sidetrack horizontal drilling technologies were successfully applied in development.Success ratio of development well increased from below 60% to over 85%,discovered oil reserves in place exceeded 500 million tons,and annual production capa-city of the oilfield reached 3.5 million tons.However,several factors have influenced further improving development effects along with progress of oilfield development,such as inadequate understanding of the features of fractured-vuggy reservoirs,low reliability of discovered oil reserves,and lack of measures to enhance oil recovery and single well production capacity in mid-and late-development stages.To solve these problems,the following measures should be taken in future oilfield development:(a) compilation or adjustment of development program should be made on the basis of producing reserves or recoverable reserves;(b) enhancing control over reserves by applying combined vertical and horizontal well pattern;(c) redividing development blocks;(d) determining rational well numbers according to single well controlled reserves;and(e) determining individual well's production proration according to rational producing pressure drop.
Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe oilfield are typical fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs of fossil karst type.Progressive exploration and development pattern was adopted in the initial stage of development.Reserves were brought into production stage by stage.Vertical well pattern combining the selected "spots,lines and the whole area" was applied to control the reserves.Reservoir prediction and identification technologies with extraction and analysis of seismic attribute as the core,as well as strong acid fracturing and sidetrack horizontal drilling technologies were successfully applied in development.Success ratio of development well increased from below 60% to over 85%,discovered oil reserves in place exceeded 500 million tons,and annual production capa-city of the oilfield reached 3.5 million tons.However,several factors have influenced further improving development effects along with progress of oilfield development,such as inadequate understanding of the features of fractured-vuggy reservoirs,low reliability of discovered oil reserves,and lack of measures to enhance oil recovery and single well production capacity in mid-and late-development stages.To solve these problems,the following measures should be taken in future oilfield development:(a) compilation or adjustment of development program should be made on the basis of producing reserves or recoverable reserves;(b) enhancing control over reserves by applying combined vertical and horizontal well pattern;(c) redividing development blocks;(d) determining rational well numbers according to single well controlled reserves;and(e) determining individual well's production proration according to rational producing pressure drop.
引文
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2陈志海,郎兆新.缝洞性碳酸盐岩油藏储渗模式及其开采特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):101~105Chen Zh ihai,Lang Zhaoxin.Storage-percolation modes and pro-duction performance of the karst reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration&D evelopm ent,2005,32(3):101-105
3张希明.新疆塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型油藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(5):32~36Zhang X im ing The characteristics of Lower O rdovician fissure-vugcarbonate oil and gas pools in Tahe oil field,X in jiang[J].Petro-leum Exploration&D evelopm ent,2001,28(5):32-36
4李培廉,张希明,陈志海.塔河油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.202~259L i Peilian,Zhang X im ing,Chen Zh ihai.D evelopm ent on thekarst carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[M].Beijing:Petrole-um Industry Press,2003.202-259
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6肖玉茹,何峰煜,孙义梅.古洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层特征研究———以塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(1):75~80X iao Yuru,He Fengyu,Sun Y im ei.Reservoir characteristics ofpaleocave charbonates:a case study of O rdovician paleocave inTahe oilfield,Tarim basin[J].O il&Gas Geology,2003,24(1):75-80
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8王者顺,王尚旭,唐文榜.塔河碳酸盐岩溶洞油藏的地震响应及频率差异分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(1):93~96W ang Zheshun,W ang Shangxu,Tang W enbang.Seism ic res-ponse and frequency d ifference analysis of cavern-type reservoirsin carbonates in Tahe oilfield[J].O il&Gas Geology,2004,25(1):93-96
9陈志海,张士诚.深层碳酸盐岩储层酸压改造后的地质效果评价———以塔河油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(6):686~691Chen Zh ihai,Zhang Sh icheng.Evaluation of geological effects ofacid-fracturing in deep carbonate reservoirs:tak ing the fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield as an example[J].O il&gas Geology,2004,25(6):686-691
10陈志海,戴勇.深层碳酸盐岩储层酸压工艺技术现状与展望[J].石油钻探技术,2005,33(1):58~61Chen Zh ihai,Dai Yong.Actuality and outlook of acid-fracturingtechn ique in deep carbonate formation[J].Petroleum D rillingTechn iques,2005,33(1):58-61
11张水昌,梁狄刚,张宝民,等.塔里木盆地海相油气的生成[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.260~265Zhang Shu ichang,L iu D igang,Zhang Baom in,et al.Marine oil-gas reservoirs bu ild ing in Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,2004.260-265
12 England W A.The organ ic geochem istry of petroleum reservoir[J].O rg Geochem,1990,16:415~425
13 H illebrand T,Leythaeuser D.Reservoir geochem istry of StockStadt oilfield:compositional heterogeneities reflecting accumu la-tion h istory and mu ltiple source input[J].O rg Geochem,1992,19:119-123
14黄海平,卢松年.高升油田储层流体非均质性研究[J].地球科学———中国地质大学学报,1996,21(1):73~78Huang Haip ing,Lu Songn ian.Compositional heterogeneity in apetroleum reservoir in Gaosheng oilfield[J].Earth Science:Jour-nal of Ch ina Un iversity of Geosciences,1996,21(1):73-78
15阿布力米提,王屿涛,蒋少斌.石西油田流体分布规律及含油性评价[J].沉积学报,1997,15(2):155~159Ab lim it,W ang Yutao,Jiang Shaob in.Evaluation of flu id d istri-bution and oil-bearing properties in the Sh ixi oilfield[J].ActaSed im entologica S in ica,1997,15(2):155-159
16毛振强,刘文建.低渗透油藏流体分布控制因素分析[J].胜利油田职工大学学报,2004,18(1):31~33Mao Zhenq iang,L iu W en jian.The analysis of liqu id d istributioncontrol factors in low perm eab ility reservoirs[J].Journal ofShengli O ilfield StaffUn iversity,2004,18(1):31-33
17王俊明,肖建玲,周宗良,等.碳酸盐岩潜山储层垂向分带及油气藏流体分布规律[J].新疆石油地质,2003,21(2):210~213W ang Junm ing,X iao Jian ling,Zhou Zongliang,et al.Verticalzon ing&flu id d istribution for carbonate rock reservoir of buriedh ill[J].X in jiang Petroleum Geology,2003,21(2):210-213
18崔强.储层内部流体分布规律研究与应用探讨[J].胜利油田职工大学学报,2004,18(2):5~7Cu i Q iang.D iscussion on the ru le of liqu id d istribution in reser-voirs[J].Journal of Shengli O ilfield Staff Un iversity,2004,18(2):5-7
19柏松章.碳酸盐岩潜山油田开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.315~321Bai Songzhang.D evelopm ent on carbonate reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999.315-321
20范高尔夫-拉特T D.裂缝油藏工程基础[M].陈钟祥,金玲年,秦同洛译.北京:石油工业出版社,1989.397~403Van Golf-racht T D.Foundam entals of fractured reservoir engi-neering[M].Translated by Chen Zhongxiang,Jin L ingn ian,Q inTongluo.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1989.397-403
21华北石油勘探开发研究院.华北碳酸盐岩潜山油藏开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1985.152~168Petroleum exploration and developm ent institute of northern Ch i-na.D evelopm ent on northern-Ch ina carbonate buried h ill reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1985.152-168
2陈志海,郎兆新.缝洞性碳酸盐岩油藏储渗模式及其开采特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):101~105Chen Zh ihai,Lang Zhaoxin.Storage-percolation modes and pro-duction performance of the karst reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration&D evelopm ent,2005,32(3):101-105
3张希明.新疆塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型油藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(5):32~36Zhang X im ing The characteristics of Lower O rdovician fissure-vugcarbonate oil and gas pools in Tahe oil field,X in jiang[J].Petro-leum Exploration&D evelopm ent,2001,28(5):32-36
4李培廉,张希明,陈志海.塔河油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.202~259L i Peilian,Zhang X im ing,Chen Zh ihai.D evelopm ent on thekarst carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[M].Beijing:Petrole-um Industry Press,2003.202-259
5林忠民.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及成藏条件[J].石油学报,2002,23(3):23~26L in Zhongm in.Carbonate rock reservoir features and oil gas accu-mu lating cond itions in the O rdovician of Tahe oilfield in northernTarim basin[J].Acta Petrolei S in ica,2002,23(3):23-26
6肖玉茹,何峰煜,孙义梅.古洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层特征研究———以塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(1):75~80X iao Yuru,He Fengyu,Sun Y im ei.Reservoir characteristics ofpaleocave charbonates:a case study of O rdovician paleocave inTahe oilfield,Tarim basin[J].O il&Gas Geology,2003,24(1):75-80
7王士敏,鲁新便.塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层预测技术[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):153~158W ang Sh im in,Lu X inb ian.Pred iction techn iques for deep car-bonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2004,43(2):153-158
8王者顺,王尚旭,唐文榜.塔河碳酸盐岩溶洞油藏的地震响应及频率差异分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(1):93~96W ang Zheshun,W ang Shangxu,Tang W enbang.Seism ic res-ponse and frequency d ifference analysis of cavern-type reservoirsin carbonates in Tahe oilfield[J].O il&Gas Geology,2004,25(1):93-96
9陈志海,张士诚.深层碳酸盐岩储层酸压改造后的地质效果评价———以塔河油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(6):686~691Chen Zh ihai,Zhang Sh icheng.Evaluation of geological effects ofacid-fracturing in deep carbonate reservoirs:tak ing the fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield as an example[J].O il&gas Geology,2004,25(6):686-691
10陈志海,戴勇.深层碳酸盐岩储层酸压工艺技术现状与展望[J].石油钻探技术,2005,33(1):58~61Chen Zh ihai,Dai Yong.Actuality and outlook of acid-fracturingtechn ique in deep carbonate formation[J].Petroleum D rillingTechn iques,2005,33(1):58-61
11张水昌,梁狄刚,张宝民,等.塔里木盆地海相油气的生成[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.260~265Zhang Shu ichang,L iu D igang,Zhang Baom in,et al.Marine oil-gas reservoirs bu ild ing in Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,2004.260-265
12 England W A.The organ ic geochem istry of petroleum reservoir[J].O rg Geochem,1990,16:415~425
13 H illebrand T,Leythaeuser D.Reservoir geochem istry of StockStadt oilfield:compositional heterogeneities reflecting accumu la-tion h istory and mu ltiple source input[J].O rg Geochem,1992,19:119-123
14黄海平,卢松年.高升油田储层流体非均质性研究[J].地球科学———中国地质大学学报,1996,21(1):73~78Huang Haip ing,Lu Songn ian.Compositional heterogeneity in apetroleum reservoir in Gaosheng oilfield[J].Earth Science:Jour-nal of Ch ina Un iversity of Geosciences,1996,21(1):73-78
15阿布力米提,王屿涛,蒋少斌.石西油田流体分布规律及含油性评价[J].沉积学报,1997,15(2):155~159Ab lim it,W ang Yutao,Jiang Shaob in.Evaluation of flu id d istri-bution and oil-bearing properties in the Sh ixi oilfield[J].ActaSed im entologica S in ica,1997,15(2):155-159
16毛振强,刘文建.低渗透油藏流体分布控制因素分析[J].胜利油田职工大学学报,2004,18(1):31~33Mao Zhenq iang,L iu W en jian.The analysis of liqu id d istributioncontrol factors in low perm eab ility reservoirs[J].Journal ofShengli O ilfield StaffUn iversity,2004,18(1):31-33
17王俊明,肖建玲,周宗良,等.碳酸盐岩潜山储层垂向分带及油气藏流体分布规律[J].新疆石油地质,2003,21(2):210~213W ang Junm ing,X iao Jian ling,Zhou Zongliang,et al.Verticalzon ing&flu id d istribution for carbonate rock reservoir of buriedh ill[J].X in jiang Petroleum Geology,2003,21(2):210-213
18崔强.储层内部流体分布规律研究与应用探讨[J].胜利油田职工大学学报,2004,18(2):5~7Cu i Q iang.D iscussion on the ru le of liqu id d istribution in reser-voirs[J].Journal of Shengli O ilfield Staff Un iversity,2004,18(2):5-7
19柏松章.碳酸盐岩潜山油田开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.315~321Bai Songzhang.D evelopm ent on carbonate reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999.315-321
20范高尔夫-拉特T D.裂缝油藏工程基础[M].陈钟祥,金玲年,秦同洛译.北京:石油工业出版社,1989.397~403Van Golf-racht T D.Foundam entals of fractured reservoir engi-neering[M].Translated by Chen Zhongxiang,Jin L ingn ian,Q inTongluo.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1989.397-403
21华北石油勘探开发研究院.华北碳酸盐岩潜山油藏开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1985.152~168Petroleum exploration and developm ent institute of northern Ch i-na.D evelopm ent on northern-Ch ina carbonate buried h ill reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1985.152-168
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