汶川地震牛眠沟高速远程滑坡动力学过程研究
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摘要
高速远程滑坡动力学近百余年来一直是滑坡学领域的研究热点和难点问题之一,但是由于高速远程滑坡自身的复杂性,到目前为止,大家公认的研究成果较少。该文以2008年5.12汶川地震触发的映秀牛眠沟高速远程滑坡为研究对象,在现场调查和遥感解译的基础上,根据其运动特征,将其运动过程分为启动及碎屑化、凌空飞行和碎屑流三个阶段,并对这三个阶段的动力学机理分别进行了研究。结果显示,牛眠沟滑坡失稳是地震竖向力和水平力共同作用的结果,而凌空飞行阶段的气垫效应和碎屑流阶段的碎屑物质流化是牛眠沟滑坡能够高速远程的主要原因。其研究成果对今后类似的研究具有一定的参考价值,并对高速远程滑坡的致灾范围预测具有指导意义。
Dynamics of high speed and long distance landslides has been the study difficulty and focus in landslides field for more than one hundred years.But because of its complexity,there is few recognized theory about its dynamics.The paper primarily studied dynamics of Niumiangou high speed and long distance landslides by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Through field investigation and interpretation of the remote sensing image,the movement course of Niumiangou rock avalanche can be divided into three phases according to its movement features,which including startup and disaggregation,flying in the air,debris flow,the dynamics mechanism of three phases has been studied respectively.The results show that coupling effect of earthquake vertical and horizontal force is the triggering factor of slope failure,the air cushion at the second phase and debris flow at the third phase are the main reasons that Niumiangou rock avalanche transported a long distance with high speed.The conclusions have great practical value for future similar research,and they have directive significance and application value for destroying area forecast of rock avalanche.
Dynamics of high speed and long distance landslides has been the study difficulty and focus in landslides field for more than one hundred years.But because of its complexity,there is few recognized theory about its dynamics.The paper primarily studied dynamics of Niumiangou high speed and long distance landslides by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Through field investigation and interpretation of the remote sensing image,the movement course of Niumiangou rock avalanche can be divided into three phases according to its movement features,which including startup and disaggregation,flying in the air,debris flow,the dynamics mechanism of three phases has been studied respectively.The results show that coupling effect of earthquake vertical and horizontal force is the triggering factor of slope failure,the air cushion at the second phase and debris flow at the third phase are the main reasons that Niumiangou rock avalanche transported a long distance with high speed.The conclusions have great practical value for future similar research,and they have directive significance and application value for destroying area forecast of rock avalanche.
引文
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[16]S.G.Evans,O.Hungr,J.J.Clague.Dynamics of the1984rock avalanche and associated distal debris flow on Mount Cayley,British Columbia,Canada;implica-tions for landslide hazard assessment on dissected volca-noes.Engineering Geology,2001,61:29～51
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[2]张明,殷跃平,吴树仁,等.高速远程滑坡—碎屑流动力机理研究发展现状与展望.工程地质学报,2010,(6)
[3]殷跃平,潘桂堂,刘宇平,等.汶川地震地质与滑坡灾害概论.北京:地质出版社,2009,3
[4]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡高速远程特征分析.工程地质学报,2009,17(2):153～166
[5]许强,裴向军,黄润秋,等.汶川地震大型滑坡研究.北京:科学出版社,2009.12
[6]吴树仁,王涛,石玲,等.2008年汶川大地震极端滑坡事件初步研究.工程地质学报,2010,18(2):145～159
[7]孔纪名,崔云,田述军,等.地震碎裂滑动型滑坡发育特点及典型实例分析.四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(3):119～124
[8]胡广韬,杨文远.工程地质学.北京:地质出版社,1984
[9]程谦恭,张倬元,黄润秋.高速远程崩滑动力学的研究现状及发展趋势.山地学报,2007,25(1):36～48
[10]S.G.Evans.Rock avalanche run-up record.Nature,1989,340:371
[11]K.J.Hsu.Catastrophic debris streams(sturzstroms)generated by rockfalls.Geological Society of America Bul-letin,1975,86:129～140
[12]Bagnold R.A..Deposition in the process of hydraulic transport.Sedimentolgy,1968,10:45～56
[13]Bagnold R.A..The nature of saltation and of bed-load transport in water.Proceedings,Royal Society of Lon-don,Series A,1973,332,473～504
[14]A.Strom.Morphology and internal structure of rock-slides and rock avalanches:grounds and constraints for their modeling.In:S.G Evans et al.,Landslides from massive rock slope failure,2006,305～326
[15]Kenneth Hewitt.Catastrophic landslide deposits in the Karakoram Himalaya.Science,1988,242:64～67
[16]S.G.Evans,O.Hungr,J.J.Clague.Dynamics of the1984rock avalanche and associated distal debris flow on Mount Cayley,British Columbia,Canada;implica-tions for landslide hazard assessment on dissected volca-noes.Engineering Geology,2001,61:29～51
[17]S.G.Evans.Rock avalanche run-up record.Nature,1989,340:371
[18]Francis P.W,Baker M.C.W.Mobility of pyroclastic flows.Nature,1977,270:164～165
[19]D.R.Crandell,C.D.Miller.Catastrophic debris ava-lanche from ancestral Mount Shasta volcano.California Geology,1984,(12):143～146
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