油藏地质模型研究进展
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摘要
油藏地质模型是将油藏各种地质特征在三维空间的变化及分布定量表述出来的地质模型,是对油气藏的类型、几何形态、规模、油藏内部结构、储层参数及流体分布的高度概括。它由圈闭结构模型、储层地质模型和流体分布模型3个部分组成,其核心是储层地质模型。对油藏地质模型的研究,国外从20世纪60年代初期开始,经历初步认识、快速发展和成熟3个阶段,逐渐形成了一套完整的理论方法和技术手段;国内研究起步较晚,在跟踪国外研究的同时,逐步探索并形成了适合于我国陆相储层的随机建模体系。纵观国内外研究成果,地质建模的发展趋势将是最大限度地挖掘地震资料信息,以期与测井资料的有机结合,并有机地利用随机模拟。
Reservoir model quantitatively describes the change and distribution of 3D geological characteristics and generalizes the type, geometry, scale, internal structure, reservoir parameters and fluid distribution of oil and gas accumulation. The model is made up of three sub-models: trap structure model, reservoir geological model and fluid distribution model, with reservoir geological model being the core model. Since early 1960s, the study of reservoir geological model had experienced three phases: preliminary understanding, rapid development and mature phase, and an integral set of theoretical methods and techniques have been generated. However, domestic study started late. At the same time of following the tracks of foreign study, a stochastic modeling system for continental reservoir has been formed. Viewing from the research achievements worldwide, the tendency of reservoir geological modeling would be to give full play to seismic data in expectation of integration with well logging data and to make use of stochastic modeling.
Reservoir model quantitatively describes the change and distribution of 3D geological characteristics and generalizes the type, geometry, scale, internal structure, reservoir parameters and fluid distribution of oil and gas accumulation. The model is made up of three sub-models: trap structure model, reservoir geological model and fluid distribution model, with reservoir geological model being the core model. Since early 1960s, the study of reservoir geological model had experienced three phases: preliminary understanding, rapid development and mature phase, and an integral set of theoretical methods and techniques have been generated. However, domestic study started late. At the same time of following the tracks of foreign study, a stochastic modeling system for continental reservoir has been formed. Viewing from the research achievements worldwide, the tendency of reservoir geological modeling would be to give full play to seismic data in expectation of integration with well logging data and to make use of stochastic modeling.
引文
[1]Matheron G.Theintrinsic randomfunctions andtheir applica-tions[J].Dunces in Applied Probability,1973,21(5):439～468.
[2]Weber K,Van Geuns L C.Frameworkfor Constructing Clas-tic Reservoir Simulation Models[J].SPE19582,1989:109～118.
[3]Van De Graaff WJ E,Ealey P J.Geological Modeling for Simulation Studies[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(11):1436～1444.
[4]Haldorsen H H,and Lake L W.A new approach to shale management infield scale simulation models[J].SPE10976,1984:1～8.
[5]Dubrule Gand Haldorsen HH.Areviewof stochastic models for petroleumreservoirs[J].Geostatistics,1986,1(2):233～247.
[6]Weber K,Meats B Vand Choppy B V.Howheterogeneity af-fects oil recovery[J],Reservoir characterization,1986(2):487～544.
[7]Lasseter TJ,Waggoner J R,and Lake L W.Reservoir heter-ogeneities andtheir ininfluence on ultimate recovery,Reser-voir characterization[M].Orlando:Academic Press,1986:545～559.
[8]Matheron G,Beucher H,De Fouguet C,Gall A,Guerillal P.Conditional Simulation of the geometry of flurideltaic resole[C].Texas:SPE Annual Conference,1987:591～599.
[9]Haldorsen,H H.Stochastic Modelling of Underground Re-serivoir Faceies[J].SPE16751,1987:212～234.
[10]Haldorsen H Hand Damsleth E.Stochastic Modelling[J].JPT,1990,(4):404～412.
[11]Geehan G W,et al.Geological prediction of shale continuity in Prudhoe Bay Field,Reservoir Characterization[M].Or-lando:Academic Press,1986:435～444.
[12]Journel A Gand Posa D.Characteristic behavior and order relations for indicator variograms[J].Math Geology,1990,22(81):685～718.
[13]Journel AGand Isaaks E.Conditional indicator simulation:applicationto a Saskatchewan uraniumdeposit[J].Math Ge-ology,1984,16(7):655～718.
[14]Journel AGand Alabert F G.Focusing onspatial connectiv-ity of extreme-valued attributes:stochastic indicator modes of reservoir heterogeneity[J].SPE1823,1988:134～145.
[15]Emanuel AS,Alameda GK,Behrens R Aand Hewett TA.Reservoir performance prediction method based on fractal geostatistics[J].SPE,1989(8):311～318.
[16]Hearn C L,Ebank WJ andRanganath V.Geological factors influencing reservoir performance of the Hartzog DrawField,Wyoming[J].JPT,1984(1546):1335～1344.
[17]Ebank WJ.Flowunit concept-Integrated approachto res-ervoir descriptionfor engineering projects[M]Orlando:Aca-demic Press,1987:253～325.
[18]Kramers WJ.Integrated reservoir characterization:fromthe well tothe numerical model[J].Increased primary recovery,1988(5):5～11.
[19]Rodriguez MS A.Facies modeling andthe flowunit concept as a sedimentological tool in reservoir description:A case study[J].SPE(18154),1989:253～325.
[20]Wagoner J C V,et al.Sequence Stratigraphyin well,core,logs and outcrops:Concept for high-resolution correlation of time andfacies[J],AAPG Mothedsin Exploration Series,1990(4):131～145.
[21]Galloway W E.Genetic stratigraphic sequences in basin analysisⅠ:Architecture and flooding-surface bounded depositional units[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(1):125～142.
[22]Cross TA.Quantitative dynamic stratigraphy[C].NewJer-sey:Prentice Hall,1990:622.
[23]Cross T A.Stratigraphic controls on reservoir attributes in continental strata[J].Earth science frontiers,2000,7(4):322～350.
[24]邓宏文.美国层序地层研究中的新学派—高分辨率层序地层学[J].石油与天然气地质,1995,16(2):89～97.
[25]邓宏文,王红亮.沉积物体积分配原理—高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础[J].地学前缘,1998,7(4):305～313.
[26]Deutsch Cand Journel A.GSLIB:Geostatistical software li-brary and users guide[M].New York:Oxford Univerity Press,1992:153～173.
[27]Hewett TA.Fractal methods for fracture characterization in Yarus and chambers,Stochastic modeling and geostatistics:principle,methods,and case studies[J].AAPG computer applicationin Geology,1994,78(3):143～156.
[28]Wu Hand Pollard D D.maging3-D fracture networks around boreholes[J].AAPGBulletin,2002,86(4):593～604.
[29]Elsayed,et al.Multidisciplinary Reservoir Characterization and Simulation Study of the Weyburn Unit[J].SPE19751,1993:438～445.
[30]Richard O Baker and Frank Kuppe.Reservoir Characteriza-tion for Naturally Fractured Reservoirs[J],SPE20832,2000:1～13.
[31]Maghsood,et al.Permeability prediction by hydraulic flow unit-theory and application[J].SPE Formation Evalu-ation,1996(19893):432～450.
[32]裘怿南.储层地质模型[J].石油学报,1991,12(4):55～62.
[33]文健,裘怿南.油藏早期评价阶段储层建模技术的发展方向[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,21(5):88～93.
[34]穆龙新,贾文瑞.建立定量储层地质模型的新方法[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,21(4):82～86.
[35]李元觉,冯军祥,赵宏民.长庆气田靖边区气藏地质模型[J].天然气工业,2000,20(6):50～54.
[36]聂昌谋,孙玉生,曹学良,等.储层参数随机建模方法在胡状集油田储层非均质研究中的应用[J].断块油气田,1996,3(1):26～30.
[37]杜启振,侯加根,陆基孟.储层微相及砂体预测模型[J].石油学报,1999,20(2):45～50.
[38]张永贵,陈明强.模拟退火组合优化算法在油气储层随机建模中应用[J].西南石油学院学报,1997,19(5):8～13.
[39]钟宝荣,王泽中,李龙艳,等.储层孔隙结构分形分析计算机实现[J].石油与天然气地质,1995,16(4):379～383.
[40]张永贵,李允,陈明强.储层地质统计随机模拟[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(3):113～116.
[41]吴胜和,王仲林,陆相储层流动单元研究的新思路[J].沉积学报,1999,17(2):252～257.
[42]吕晓光,王德发,姜洪福.储层地质模型及随机建模技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(1):10～16.
[43]王家华,张团峰.油气储层随机建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:38～118.
[44]窦之林.储层流动单元研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:29～84.
[2]Weber K,Van Geuns L C.Frameworkfor Constructing Clas-tic Reservoir Simulation Models[J].SPE19582,1989:109～118.
[3]Van De Graaff WJ E,Ealey P J.Geological Modeling for Simulation Studies[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(11):1436～1444.
[4]Haldorsen H H,and Lake L W.A new approach to shale management infield scale simulation models[J].SPE10976,1984:1～8.
[5]Dubrule Gand Haldorsen HH.Areviewof stochastic models for petroleumreservoirs[J].Geostatistics,1986,1(2):233～247.
[6]Weber K,Meats B Vand Choppy B V.Howheterogeneity af-fects oil recovery[J],Reservoir characterization,1986(2):487～544.
[7]Lasseter TJ,Waggoner J R,and Lake L W.Reservoir heter-ogeneities andtheir ininfluence on ultimate recovery,Reser-voir characterization[M].Orlando:Academic Press,1986:545～559.
[8]Matheron G,Beucher H,De Fouguet C,Gall A,Guerillal P.Conditional Simulation of the geometry of flurideltaic resole[C].Texas:SPE Annual Conference,1987:591～599.
[9]Haldorsen,H H.Stochastic Modelling of Underground Re-serivoir Faceies[J].SPE16751,1987:212～234.
[10]Haldorsen H Hand Damsleth E.Stochastic Modelling[J].JPT,1990,(4):404～412.
[11]Geehan G W,et al.Geological prediction of shale continuity in Prudhoe Bay Field,Reservoir Characterization[M].Or-lando:Academic Press,1986:435～444.
[12]Journel A Gand Posa D.Characteristic behavior and order relations for indicator variograms[J].Math Geology,1990,22(81):685～718.
[13]Journel AGand Isaaks E.Conditional indicator simulation:applicationto a Saskatchewan uraniumdeposit[J].Math Ge-ology,1984,16(7):655～718.
[14]Journel AGand Alabert F G.Focusing onspatial connectiv-ity of extreme-valued attributes:stochastic indicator modes of reservoir heterogeneity[J].SPE1823,1988:134～145.
[15]Emanuel AS,Alameda GK,Behrens R Aand Hewett TA.Reservoir performance prediction method based on fractal geostatistics[J].SPE,1989(8):311～318.
[16]Hearn C L,Ebank WJ andRanganath V.Geological factors influencing reservoir performance of the Hartzog DrawField,Wyoming[J].JPT,1984(1546):1335～1344.
[17]Ebank WJ.Flowunit concept-Integrated approachto res-ervoir descriptionfor engineering projects[M]Orlando:Aca-demic Press,1987:253～325.
[18]Kramers WJ.Integrated reservoir characterization:fromthe well tothe numerical model[J].Increased primary recovery,1988(5):5～11.
[19]Rodriguez MS A.Facies modeling andthe flowunit concept as a sedimentological tool in reservoir description:A case study[J].SPE(18154),1989:253～325.
[20]Wagoner J C V,et al.Sequence Stratigraphyin well,core,logs and outcrops:Concept for high-resolution correlation of time andfacies[J],AAPG Mothedsin Exploration Series,1990(4):131～145.
[21]Galloway W E.Genetic stratigraphic sequences in basin analysisⅠ:Architecture and flooding-surface bounded depositional units[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(1):125～142.
[22]Cross TA.Quantitative dynamic stratigraphy[C].NewJer-sey:Prentice Hall,1990:622.
[23]Cross T A.Stratigraphic controls on reservoir attributes in continental strata[J].Earth science frontiers,2000,7(4):322～350.
[24]邓宏文.美国层序地层研究中的新学派—高分辨率层序地层学[J].石油与天然气地质,1995,16(2):89～97.
[25]邓宏文,王红亮.沉积物体积分配原理—高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础[J].地学前缘,1998,7(4):305～313.
[26]Deutsch Cand Journel A.GSLIB:Geostatistical software li-brary and users guide[M].New York:Oxford Univerity Press,1992:153～173.
[27]Hewett TA.Fractal methods for fracture characterization in Yarus and chambers,Stochastic modeling and geostatistics:principle,methods,and case studies[J].AAPG computer applicationin Geology,1994,78(3):143～156.
[28]Wu Hand Pollard D D.maging3-D fracture networks around boreholes[J].AAPGBulletin,2002,86(4):593～604.
[29]Elsayed,et al.Multidisciplinary Reservoir Characterization and Simulation Study of the Weyburn Unit[J].SPE19751,1993:438～445.
[30]Richard O Baker and Frank Kuppe.Reservoir Characteriza-tion for Naturally Fractured Reservoirs[J],SPE20832,2000:1～13.
[31]Maghsood,et al.Permeability prediction by hydraulic flow unit-theory and application[J].SPE Formation Evalu-ation,1996(19893):432～450.
[32]裘怿南.储层地质模型[J].石油学报,1991,12(4):55～62.
[33]文健,裘怿南.油藏早期评价阶段储层建模技术的发展方向[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,21(5):88～93.
[34]穆龙新,贾文瑞.建立定量储层地质模型的新方法[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,21(4):82～86.
[35]李元觉,冯军祥,赵宏民.长庆气田靖边区气藏地质模型[J].天然气工业,2000,20(6):50～54.
[36]聂昌谋,孙玉生,曹学良,等.储层参数随机建模方法在胡状集油田储层非均质研究中的应用[J].断块油气田,1996,3(1):26～30.
[37]杜启振,侯加根,陆基孟.储层微相及砂体预测模型[J].石油学报,1999,20(2):45～50.
[38]张永贵,陈明强.模拟退火组合优化算法在油气储层随机建模中应用[J].西南石油学院学报,1997,19(5):8～13.
[39]钟宝荣,王泽中,李龙艳,等.储层孔隙结构分形分析计算机实现[J].石油与天然气地质,1995,16(4):379～383.
[40]张永贵,李允,陈明强.储层地质统计随机模拟[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(3):113～116.
[41]吴胜和,王仲林,陆相储层流动单元研究的新思路[J].沉积学报,1999,17(2):252～257.
[42]吕晓光,王德发,姜洪福.储层地质模型及随机建模技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(1):10～16.
[43]王家华,张团峰.油气储层随机建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:38～118.
[44]窦之林.储层流动单元研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:29～84.
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