阿克库勒地区三叠系层序地层学及储集砂体成因类型
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摘要
通过钻测井资料、地震资料的地质综合研究,以及地面露头观察与实验分析,研究区内三叠纪反映湖平面变化的地层旋回性非常清楚。按层序划分的基本原则,在三叠纪地层中可识别出7个Ⅰ型层序边界,相应地划分出6个Ⅰ型层序。总体来说,在层序内部,低位体系域发育,它们构成了区内储集砂体的主体;而高位及湖侵体系域往往被上覆层序侵蚀,甚至剥缺。储集砂体的分布受层序格架的严格控制,主要储集砂体的成因类型包括低位早期的湖底扇沉积、低位晚期侵蚀沟谷的河流充填与滨湖沉积,以及高位期三角洲及滨湖滩、坝沉积。区域盆地格架研究表明,研究区三叠纪时期是位于库车前陆盆地系统的前隆及前隆后缘盆地的边缘,因此,湖平面相对升降变化导致了区内十分明显的地层旋回,这种旋回性直接控制了砂体的成因类型及其分布规律。
Based on comprehensive geological analysis of log data and seismic data, integrated with outcrop observation and experimental analysis, stratigraphic cyclicity reflecting lake level change of Triassic Period in the studied area is very clear. According to the dividing criterion of sequence, seven type Ⅰsequence boundaries could be identified, and six type Ⅰsequences are divided correspondingly. Generally, Lowstand Systems Tracts (LST) are well developed, and they constitute the main reservoir sandstone bodies of the studied area. Whereas, the sandstones of highstand System Tracts (HST) and Transgressive Systems Tracts (TST) are eroded, or sometimes lost. The distribution of reservoir is strictly controlled by sequence framework. The genetic types of sandstone bodies have sublacustrine-fan deposit during early stage of LST, fluvial deposit in eroded valley and shore lake deposit during later stage of LST, and delta deposit, beach and dam deposition of shore lake during HST. The study of regional basin framework has demonstrated that the studied area lied on fore-upfold and back-edge basin edge of Kuche foreland system during Triassic Period. So the relative change of lacustrine level result in prominent stratigraphic cyclicity which control sandstone body type and distribution.
Based on comprehensive geological analysis of log data and seismic data, integrated with outcrop observation and experimental analysis, stratigraphic cyclicity reflecting lake level change of Triassic Period in the studied area is very clear. According to the dividing criterion of sequence, seven type Ⅰsequence boundaries could be identified, and six type Ⅰsequences are divided correspondingly. Generally, Lowstand Systems Tracts (LST) are well developed, and they constitute the main reservoir sandstone bodies of the studied area. Whereas, the sandstones of highstand System Tracts (HST) and Transgressive Systems Tracts (TST) are eroded, or sometimes lost. The distribution of reservoir is strictly controlled by sequence framework. The genetic types of sandstone bodies have sublacustrine-fan deposit during early stage of LST, fluvial deposit in eroded valley and shore lake deposit during later stage of LST, and delta deposit, beach and dam deposition of shore lake during HST. The study of regional basin framework has demonstrated that the studied area lied on fore-upfold and back-edge basin edge of Kuche foreland system during Triassic Period. So the relative change of lacustrine level result in prominent stratigraphic cyclicity which control sandstone body type and distribution.
引文
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10郭建华,曾允孚,翟永红,等.塔中地区石炭系东河砂岩层序地层研究.沉积学报,1996,14(2):56-65[Guo Jianhua,Zeng Yunfu,Zhai Yonghong,et al.Sequence stratigaraphy of Carboniferous Dong-he sandstone in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1996,14(2):56-65]
11van Wagoner J C,Mitchum R M,Campion K M,et al.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs,cores and outcrops concepts for high-resolution correlation of time and facies.AAPG Methods in Ex-ploration Series,1990,1-55
12Middleton G V,Hampton M A.Sediment gravity flow:mechanics of flow and deposition.In:Middleton G V,M,and Bouma A H,eds.Turbidites and deep water sedimentation.Anaheim:SEPM Pacific Sec.Short Course Notes,1973.1-38
13Lowe D R.Sediment gravity flows:Ⅱ.Depositional models with spe-cial reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1982,52(1):279-297
2陈发景,汪新文,张光亚,等.中国中、新生代前陆盆地的构造特征和地球动力学.地球科学,1996,21(4):366-371[Chen Fajing,Wang Xinwen,Zhang Guangya,et al.Genetic types,tectonic systemsand geodynamic models of Mesozoic and Cenozoic oil-and gas-bearing basins in China.Geoscience,1996,21(4):366-371]
3Graham S A,HendrixMS,Wang LB,et al.Collision successor basin of western China:impact of tectonic in heritance on sand composition.Geological Society of American Bulletin,1993,105:323-324
4汪新文,陈发景,李光.塔北库车坳陷的变形特征及其与油气关系.石油与天然气地质,1994,15(1):40-50[Wang Xinwen,Chen Fajing,Li Guang.Deformation characteristics of Kuqa depression,north Tarim basin and its relation to oil and gas.Oil&Gas Geology,1994,15(1):40-50]
5刘志宏,卢华复,李西建,等.库车再生前陆盆地的构造演化.地质科学,2000,(4):482-492[Liu Zhihong,Lu Huafu,Li Xijian,et al.Tectonic evolution of Kuqa rejuvenated foreland basin.Acta Geo-logica Sinica,2000,(4):482-492]
6Posamentier MW,Allen G P.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphic pat-terns in foreland ramp-type basins.Geology,1993,21:455-458
7Van Wagoner J C,Posamentier H W,Mitchum P R,et al.An over-view of the fundamentals of sequence stratigraphy and key definitions.In:Wilgus C K,et al.eds.Sea-level changes:An integrated ap-proach.Tulsa,Oklahoma,SEPMSpecial Publication,1988,42:39-46
8Posamentier HW,Vail P R.Eustatic controls on clastic depositionⅠ-Ⅱ.In:Wilgus C K,eds.Sea-level Changes:An Integrated Ap-proach.Tulsa,Oklahoma,SEPM.Special Publication,1988,42:109-154
9Guo Jianhua,Zeng Yunfu,Zhai Yonghong,et al.On the Carboniferous sequence stratigraphy in the Tazhong area,Xinjiang:Amodel of the se-quence stratigraphy framework of intracratonic depressional basin.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),1997,71(3):328-343
10郭建华,曾允孚,翟永红,等.塔中地区石炭系东河砂岩层序地层研究.沉积学报,1996,14(2):56-65[Guo Jianhua,Zeng Yunfu,Zhai Yonghong,et al.Sequence stratigaraphy of Carboniferous Dong-he sandstone in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1996,14(2):56-65]
11van Wagoner J C,Mitchum R M,Campion K M,et al.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs,cores and outcrops concepts for high-resolution correlation of time and facies.AAPG Methods in Ex-ploration Series,1990,1-55
12Middleton G V,Hampton M A.Sediment gravity flow:mechanics of flow and deposition.In:Middleton G V,M,and Bouma A H,eds.Turbidites and deep water sedimentation.Anaheim:SEPM Pacific Sec.Short Course Notes,1973.1-38
13Lowe D R.Sediment gravity flows:Ⅱ.Depositional models with spe-cial reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1982,52(1):279-297
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