西藏纳木错深水湖芯反映的8·4ka以来气候环境变化
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摘要
利用地震剖面仪和回声测深仪调查了纳木错大部分湖区的水深和沉积物厚度分布,并在湖区东部水深60m的湖盆利用PISTON采样器获得一个332cm长的钻孔。对该钻孔进行了12个AMS14C年代测定,并进行了日历年龄校正和“碳库”效应估算,根据沉积物平均粒径建立了整个钻孔的深度-年代模式。对该钻孔进行了有机碳、总氮、正构烷烃、粒度、元素地球化学、碳酸钙和矿物等环境指标的分析,结果显示8·4ka以来湖区环境变化可以分为明显的3个阶段。早期约8400～6400aB·P.,以温度缓慢下降为主,但在8100～7800aB·P.出现一次显著的冷干事件;中期为6400～2900aB·P.,其开始显示了温暖湿润的环境特点,在6000aB·P.左右出现最强的暖湿特征后其后期转向冷干,在3000～2900aB·P.达到寒冷和干旱的低谷,反映了新冰期时期的温度强烈下降和降水的分配不均;晚期从2900aB·P.到现在,尽管温度出现回升,但总体上显示了向冷干波动变化的趋势,期间第一次降温在1800～1600aB·P.,之后温度回升后在600～300aB·P.再次下降,前者反映了公元初期的降温,后者则是小冰期的反映。
The Tibetan Plateau is a sensitive area to global changes due to its high elevation and frail surface ecosystem.This huge plateau induces and enhances the Asian monsoon that influences the plateau itself,East China,and even the whole Asia.Pursuing the changing history of monsoon and its impact in this environment-sensitive area is a key content for understanding the rules of climatic changes.Here,we present the initial results from a core sediment from Nam Co,Central Tibet to elucidate the Holocene environment changes in this area.By using echo-seismic profiler and hydro-echo-sounder,we investigated the water depth distribution of the most areas of the lake.One 332-cm long PISTON core was successfully taken at the east part of the lake at the site of 60m water depth.12 AMS 14C dating data from top to bottom established a good time sequence of this core.TOC,TN,n-alkanes,grain-size,Fe/Mn,Sr/Ba,and CaCO3 content were analyzed with the sample intervals from 1cm to 10cm.Results showed that since ca.8400aB.P.the environmental change in this region can be divided into three stages.The early stage is from ca.8400～6400aB.P.that is characterized by slight shifting from warm to cold with a cold-dry process during 8100～7800aB.P.The middle stage was from 6400～2900aB.P.,during which the climate changed from warm-humid to cold-dry.However,around 2900aB.P.the climate once was slightly cold but strongly dry.The late stage was from 2900aB.P.to present that showed a general tendency toward cold-dry.The first temperature decline was around 1700～1500aB.P.,following which the temperature was once increased.But the temperature decreased again around 800～300aB.P.,which might be the results of the Little Ice Age.
The Tibetan Plateau is a sensitive area to global changes due to its high elevation and frail surface ecosystem.This huge plateau induces and enhances the Asian monsoon that influences the plateau itself,East China,and even the whole Asia.Pursuing the changing history of monsoon and its impact in this environment-sensitive area is a key content for understanding the rules of climatic changes.Here,we present the initial results from a core sediment from Nam Co,Central Tibet to elucidate the Holocene environment changes in this area.By using echo-seismic profiler and hydro-echo-sounder,we investigated the water depth distribution of the most areas of the lake.One 332-cm long PISTON core was successfully taken at the east part of the lake at the site of 60m water depth.12 AMS 14C dating data from top to bottom established a good time sequence of this core.TOC,TN,n-alkanes,grain-size,Fe/Mn,Sr/Ba,and CaCO3 content were analyzed with the sample intervals from 1cm to 10cm.Results showed that since ca.8400aB.P.the environmental change in this region can be divided into three stages.The early stage is from ca.8400～6400aB.P.that is characterized by slight shifting from warm to cold with a cold-dry process during 8100～7800aB.P.The middle stage was from 6400～2900aB.P.,during which the climate changed from warm-humid to cold-dry.However,around 2900aB.P.the climate once was slightly cold but strongly dry.The late stage was from 2900aB.P.to present that showed a general tendency toward cold-dry.The first temperature decline was around 1700～1500aB.P.,following which the temperature was once increased.But the temperature decreased again around 800～300aB.P.,which might be the results of the Little Ice Age.
引文
1)王君波,朱立平.纳木错湖泊初步测量结果研究.纳木错圈层相互作用综合观测研究站年报,2006,1:42～46
2)Gehard Daut.Reconstruction of the Hydrological cycle in the Nam Co area-Results of hydroacoustic investigations and sediment analysis.Presentation of4th Sino-Germany Tibetan Plateau Research Workshop.2007,Kunming
3)Christopher B R.2005.www.rlaha.ox.ac.uk/orau/oxcal.html
4)Philip Steeb(Institut fr Umweltgeologie,Technische Universitat,Braunschweig)and others.2007.Abstract of17th INQUA
1)王君波,朱立平.纳木错湖泊初步测量结果研究.纳木错圈层相互作用综合观测研究站年报,2006,1:42～46
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2)Gehard Daut.Reconstruction of the Hydrological cycle in the Nam Co area-Results of hydroacoustic investigations and sediment analysis.Presentation of4th Sino-Germany Tibetan Plateau Research Workshop.2007,Kunming
3)Christopher B R.2005.www.rlaha.ox.ac.uk/orau/oxcal.html
4)Philip Steeb(Institut fr Umweltgeologie,Technische Universitat,Braunschweig)and others.2007.Abstract of17th INQUA
1)王君波,朱立平.纳木错湖泊初步测量结果研究.纳木错圈层相互作用综合观测研究站年报,2006,1:42～46
1)李明慧,朱立平,康世昌等.青藏高原纳木错沉积物中单水碳钙石的发现及成因分析.纳木错圈层相互作用综合观测研究站年报,2006,1:142～150
1冯松,汤懋苍,王冬梅.青藏高原是我国气候变化启动区的新证据.科学通报,1998,43(6):633～636Feng Song,Tang Maocang,Wang Dongmei.New evidence for the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau as a pilot region of climatic fluctuation in China.Chinese Science Bulletin,1998,43(20):1745～1749
2Miehe G,Miehe S,Schlutz Fet al.Palaeoecological and experimental evidence of former forests and woodlands in the treeless desert pastures of Southern Tibet(Lhasa,A·R.Xizang,China).Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2006,242(1～2):54～67
3Wang Sumin,Li Jianren.Lacustrine sediments——An indicator of historical climatic variation:The case of Qinghai lake and Daihai lake.Chinese Science Bulletin,1991,36(16):1364～1368
4Lister G S,Kelts K,Chen K Zet al.Lake Qinghai:China closed-basin lake levels and the oxygen isotope record for ostracoda since the Late Pleistocene.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1991,84:141～162
5张彭熹,张保珍,钱桂敏等.青海湖全新世以来古环境参数的研究.第四纪研究,1994,(3):225～238Zhang Pengxi,Zhang Baozhen,Qian Guiminet al.The study of paleoclimatic parameter of Qinghai Lake since Holocene.Quaternary Sciences,1994,(3):225～238
6Gasse F,Anoled M,Fontes J Cet al.A13000-year climate record from Western Tibet.Nature,1991,353:742～745
7Gasse F,Fontes J C,van Campo Eet al.Holocene environmental changes in Bangong Co basin(Western Tibet).Part4:Discussion and conclusions.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoeco-logy,1996,120:79～92
8Kashiwaya K,Masuzawa T,Morinaga Het al.Changes in hydrological conditions in the central Qing-Zang(Tibetan)Plateau inferred from lake bottom sediments.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1995,135(1～4):31～39
9齐文,郑绵平.西藏扎布耶湖ZK91-2钻孔沉积特征与气候环境演化.湖泊科学,1995,7(2):133～140Qi Wen,Zheng Mianping.Sedimentary characteristics of ZK91-2core and climate-environmental evolution of Zabuye lake,Tibet Plateau.Journal ofLake Sciences,1995,7(2):133～140
10彭金兰.西藏佩枯错距今13000～4500年间的介形类及环境变迁.微体古生物学报,1997,14(3):239～254Peng Jinlan.Ostracod assemblages and environmental changes during13000～4500aB·P.in Peiku Co,Tibet.Acta Micro-palaeontologica Sinica,1997,14(3):239～254
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