叠合盆地早期断陷对隆起带与凹陷带的控制——柴北缘隆起带与凹陷带的成因新认识
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摘要
基于构造解析、盆-山耦合、地震剖面解释等认为,柴北缘西段隆起带与凹陷带分别受控于早、中侏罗世断陷,其中鄂博梁、冷湖构造带发育于早侏罗世"南断北超"的次级箕状断陷上.早侏罗世地层在背斜核部厚度的增大及基底由"凹"转"隆"的原因,是缘于箕状断陷北倾的高角度正断层在早侏罗世晚期—中侏罗世旋转变缓,而在晚侏罗世-白垩纪发生构造反转的结果.鄂博梁构造带与冷湖构造带属于"凹"上"隆";而昆特依凹陷带与赛什腾凹陷带发育于中侏罗世"北断南超"的次级断陷上,其凹陷是缘于中侏罗世南倾的高角度正断层在后期的构造挤压体制下不能发生构造反转,因此,昆特依、赛什腾凹陷带属于"凹"上"凹".在挤压构造体制下,叠合盆地内是发育隆起带抑或是凹陷带,关键在于早期断陷盆地陡坡带高角度正断层能否发生构造反转.
Based on structural analysis,coupling relations between basins and mountains,interpretation for seismic sections,it is suggested that the uplift belts and depression belts in the western part of the northern Qaidam Basin are controlled by the early-middle Jurassic faulted depression,the Erboliang and Lenghu tectonic belts of the uplift belts are formed in an early Jurassic subsidiary half-graben faulted depression with faulting in south and overlapping in north.The increasing thickness of early Jurassic strata in the core of anticline and basement changing from depression to uplift is resulted from that the high angle normal fault dipping north of half graben faulted depression gradually rotated into low angle from late Early Jurassic to Middle Jurassic,and structural inversion from late Jurassic to cretaceous.Therefore,Erboliang and Lenghu tectonic belt belong to uplift belt over depression belt.The Kunteyi and Saishiteng depression belts are formed in a subsidiary faulted depression with faulting in north and overlapping in south in the Middle Jurassic,so that the high angle Jurassic normal faults dipping south do not occur structural inversion under the later compressive structural regime.So the Kunteyi and Saishiteng depression belts belong to depression belt over depression belt.Under a compressive structural regime,it is vital for uplifts belt and depression belts in a superimposed basin in the high angle normal faults in the steep slope zone of early faulted depression basin whether structural conversion occurs or not.
Based on structural analysis,coupling relations between basins and mountains,interpretation for seismic sections,it is suggested that the uplift belts and depression belts in the western part of the northern Qaidam Basin are controlled by the early-middle Jurassic faulted depression,the Erboliang and Lenghu tectonic belts of the uplift belts are formed in an early Jurassic subsidiary half-graben faulted depression with faulting in south and overlapping in north.The increasing thickness of early Jurassic strata in the core of anticline and basement changing from depression to uplift is resulted from that the high angle normal fault dipping north of half graben faulted depression gradually rotated into low angle from late Early Jurassic to Middle Jurassic,and structural inversion from late Jurassic to cretaceous.Therefore,Erboliang and Lenghu tectonic belt belong to uplift belt over depression belt.The Kunteyi and Saishiteng depression belts are formed in a subsidiary faulted depression with faulting in north and overlapping in south in the Middle Jurassic,so that the high angle Jurassic normal faults dipping south do not occur structural inversion under the later compressive structural regime.So the Kunteyi and Saishiteng depression belts belong to depression belt over depression belt.Under a compressive structural regime,it is vital for uplifts belt and depression belts in a superimposed basin in the high angle normal faults in the steep slope zone of early faulted depression basin whether structural conversion occurs or not.
引文
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[3]李德威.再论大陆构造与动力学[J].地球科学,1995,20(1):19-26.
[4]汪劲草,胡勇,刘云田.多世代旋转正断层对断陷盆地沉积迁移的控制——柴达木早、中侏罗世盆地性质[J].地质学报,2006,80(8):1141-1148.
[5]汪劲草,刘平,倪金龙,等.变形分解对柴达木盆地北缘油气运聚的影响[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):27-31.
[6]张玉泉,谢应雯,李献华,等.青藏高原东部钾玄岩系岩浆岩同位素特征:岩石成因及其构造意义[J].中国科学D辑,2000,30(5):493-498.
[7]党玉琪,胡勇,余辉龙,等.柴达木盆地北缘石油地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.
[8]翟光明,徐凤银,李建青.重新认识柴达木盆地力争油气勘探获得新突破[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):1-7.
[9]汤良杰,金之钧,张明利,等.柴达木盆地北缘构造演化与油气成藏阶段[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):36-39.
[10]夏文臣,张宁,袁晓萍,等.柴达木侏罗系的构造层序及前陆盆地演化[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,19(3):173-180.
[11]周建勋,徐凤银,朱战军.从反转构造的砂箱模型看柴达木早-中侏罗世盆地的构造性质[J].地质科学,2002,37(4):430-435.
[12]曾联波,金之钧,汤良杰,等.柴达木盆地北缘油气分布的构造控制作用[J].地球科学,2001,26(1):54-58.
[13]胡受权,曹运江,黄继祥,等.柴达木盆地北缘地区前陆盆地演化及油气勘探目标[J].天然气工业,1999,19(4):1-6.
[14]曹国强,陈世悦,徐凤银,等.柴达木盆地西部中-新生代沉积构造演化[J].中国地质,2005,32(1):33-40.
[15]戴俊生.冷湖五号燕山期叠瓦逆冲构造的发现[J].西北地质,2001,34(1):68-72.
[16]周祖翼.反转构造[J].地质科技情报,1994,13(1):3-11.
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