青藏高原隆升的黄土高原构造侵蚀效应
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摘要
研究了青藏高原隆升与亚洲大陆强季风气候的耦合效应、黄土高原的阶段性抬升、构造变形及其构造侵蚀效应。结果表明,青藏高原的隆升引起多种黄土地质灾害。黄土高原的构造抬升导致侵蚀基准面下降,为重力侵蚀、沟谷溯源侵蚀和流水侵蚀提供了有利条件;构造变形使黄土产生构造裂隙、节理,增大了黄土的侵蚀速率,促进了黄土的坍塌和滑坡等侵蚀性地质灾害的发生;地形突变带、活动断裂带及地震活动带等稳定性条件差的黄土分布区,是黄土侵蚀性地质灾害最剧烈的地区。
The coupling among the Qinghai-Tibet plateau uplift and strong monsoon effect in East Asia,structure deformation and staggered uplift of the loess plateau and its tectonic erosion is studied.The results indicate that Qinghai-Tibet plateau uplift have arose multi-geological hazards,and the uplift of loess plateau have induced gravitative,trace to the source and water-flow erosion.The structural deformation has resulted in structural crevices and joints in loess,increased the erosional rate of the loess,and accelerated the collapse and landslide of the loess.Soil erosion is the most intense in large tectonic deformation zones,active fault zones and seismic zones.
The coupling among the Qinghai-Tibet plateau uplift and strong monsoon effect in East Asia,structure deformation and staggered uplift of the loess plateau and its tectonic erosion is studied.The results indicate that Qinghai-Tibet plateau uplift have arose multi-geological hazards,and the uplift of loess plateau have induced gravitative,trace to the source and water-flow erosion.The structural deformation has resulted in structural crevices and joints in loess,increased the erosional rate of the loess,and accelerated the collapse and landslide of the loess.Soil erosion is the most intense in large tectonic deformation zones,active fault zones and seismic zones.
引文
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[19]彭建兵,李喜安,孙萍,等.黄土洞穴的环境灾害效应[J].地球与环境,2005,33(4):1-7.
[2]潘保田,李吉均.青藏高原:全球气候变化的驱动机与放大器(Ⅲ)[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,1995,32(1):108-115.
[3]马润勇,彭建兵,门玉明,等.逆冲断层发育的力学机制研究[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2003,33(2):196-200.
[4]彭建兵,马润勇,卢全中,等.青藏高原隆升的地质灾害效应[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):457-466.
[5]Rea D K,Snoeckx H,Joseph L P.Late Cenozoic EolianDeposition in the North Pacific:Asian Drying,Tibetan Up-lift,and Cooling of the Northern Hemisphere[J].Paleocep-nography,1998,15(3):215-224.
[6]马润勇,席先武,彭建兵,等.青藏高原递进式隆升的力学模式[J].大地构造与成矿学,2005,29(4):451-458.
[7]马润勇,彭建兵,刘利年,等.青藏高原隆升的气候环境效应与黄土高原构造侵蚀[J].水土保持通报,2005,25(5):5-11.
[8]李吉均,方小敏,马海州,等.晚新生代黄河上游地貌演化与青藏高原隆起[J].中国科学:D辑,1996,26(4):316-322.
[9]施雅风,李吉均,李炳元,等.晚新生代青藏高原的隆升与东亚环境变化[J].地理学报,1999,54(1):10-20.
[10]Guo Z T,William F R,Hao Q Z,et al.Onset of Asian De-sertification by 22 Myr ago in Ferred from Loess Deposits inChina[J].Nature,2002,416:159-163.
[11]An Zhisheng,Kutzbach J E,Prell W L,et al.Evolution ofAsian Monsoons and Phased Uplift of the Himalaya-TibetanPlateau Since Late Miocenetimes[J].Nature,2001,411:62-66.
[12]陈发虎,吴薇,朱艳,等.阿拉善高原中全新世干旱事件的湖泊记录研究[J].科学通报,2004,49(1):1-9.
[13]雷慧珠,武春龙.新构造应力场与滑坡侵蚀[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1999,5(5):35-43.
[14]朱照宇.黄土高原及邻区新构造与新构造运动[J].第四纪研究,1992,12(3):252-264.
[15]潘爱芳,赫英,徐宝亮,等.鄂尔多斯盆地基地断裂地球化学特征研究[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2005,35(4):440-444.
[16]赵景波.西北黄土区第四纪土壤与环境[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1994.
[17]岳乐平,雷祥义,屈红军.黄河中游水系的阶地发育时代[J].地质论评,1997,43(2):186-192.
[18]程绍平,邓起东,闵伟,等.黄河晋陕峡谷河流阶地和鄂尔多斯高原第四纪构造运动[J].第四纪研究,1998,18(3):238-248.
[19]彭建兵,李喜安,孙萍,等.黄土洞穴的环境灾害效应[J].地球与环境,2005,33(4):1-7.
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