珠江口盆地深水扇识别和油气成藏关键要素
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摘要
近年来在层序地层学理论的指导下,在珠江口盆地白云凹陷的地震剖面上识别出各种层序界面,并进一步识别出大量深水扇沉积体,这些深水扇体由众多的盆底扇、斜坡扇、低位楔和下切水道构成。盆底扇和斜坡扇多期叠加,平面上成朵叶状,并与下切水道相连。综合分析白云深水扇的成藏条件,得出控制深水扇成藏的关键要素有两点(1)由断层、不整合面、横向连通的砂体以及流体底辟带组成的发达的输导格架,特别是能与深水扇相连的断层与流体底辟带,是深水扇油气成藏的关键所在;(2)油气运移的动力,盆地模拟结果表明,白云凹陷曾经历了三个地层压力演化旋回,超压的累积和释放对深部烃源岩的排烃并向深水扇体中运移起到了重要作用。
The deep-water fan systems contain abundant petroleum and it becomes hot point field in petroleum explorations. Based on the sequence stratigraphy theory, a great variety of the sequence interfaces are identified, furthermore, great deals of deep-water fans are discovered. They are composed of basin floor fans, slope fans, lowstand wedges and downcut channels existing on the Baiyun Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. The basin floor fans and the slope fans developed during several periods overlap each other in vertical, distribute lobately and horizontally, and connecte with downcut channels. On the basis of investigation, the main accumulation controlling factors of the Baiyun Deep-water Fan include: (1) The conducting frameworks, which are composed of faults, continue distribution sandstones, unconformable surface and diapiric zone, connecte the source rock and the deep-water fans and are the key factors of petroleum accumulation; (2) The drive power of oil and gas migration. Based on the basin modeling, there are three circles of strata pressure during the basin evolution. The accumulation and release of overpressure are important for the hydrocarbon expelling from source rock to deep water fans.
The deep-water fan systems contain abundant petroleum and it becomes hot point field in petroleum explorations. Based on the sequence stratigraphy theory, a great variety of the sequence interfaces are identified, furthermore, great deals of deep-water fans are discovered. They are composed of basin floor fans, slope fans, lowstand wedges and downcut channels existing on the Baiyun Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. The basin floor fans and the slope fans developed during several periods overlap each other in vertical, distribute lobately and horizontally, and connecte with downcut channels. On the basis of investigation, the main accumulation controlling factors of the Baiyun Deep-water Fan include: (1) The conducting frameworks, which are composed of faults, continue distribution sandstones, unconformable surface and diapiric zone, connecte the source rock and the deep-water fans and are the key factors of petroleum accumulation; (2) The drive power of oil and gas migration. Based on the basin modeling, there are three circles of strata pressure during the basin evolution. The accumulation and release of overpressure are important for the hydrocarbon expelling from source rock to deep water fans.
引文
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[20]Hunt J M.Generation and migration of petroleum from abnormally pressured fluid compartments[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(1):1-12.
[21]张树林,黄耀琴,黄雄伟.流体底辟构造及其成因探讨[J].地质科技情报,1999,18(2):19-22.
[22]张树林,田世澄,朱芳冰,等..莺歌海盆地底辟构造的成因及其石油地质意义[J].中国海上油气,1996,10(1):1-6.
[23]梅廉夫,徐思煌.沉积盆地沉积物天然水力破裂理论及意义[J].地质科技情报,1997,16(1):39-45.
[24]石万忠,陈红汉,陈长民,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷地层压力演化与油气运移模拟[J].地球科学,2006,31(2):229-236.
[25]Aplin A C,Larter M A,Bigge G.PVTX history of the North Sea's Judy oilfield[J].Journal of Geochemical Ex-ploration,2000,69-70:641-644.
[26]陈红汉,董伟良,张树林,等.流体包裹体在古压力模拟研究中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(3):207-211.
[2]彭大钧,庞雄,陈长民,等.从浅水陆架走向深水陆坡—南海深水扇系统的研究[J].沉积学报,2005,23(1):1-11.
[3]Shanmugam G,Moiola R J.Types of Submarine Fan Lobes:models and implications[J].AAPG Bulletin,1991,75(1):156-179.
[4]Shanmugam G,Moiola R J.Reinterpretation of deposition-al processes in a classic flysch sequence(Pennsylvanian Jackfork Group)[J].AAPG Bulletin,1995,79:672.
[5]杨川恒,杜栩,潘和顺,等.国外深水领域油气勘探新进展及我国南海北部陆坡深水区油气勘探潜力[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):247-256.
[6]贾琇明,岳来群,韦子亮.有关我国深海油气资源勘探开发的几点思考[J].国土资源情报,2005,7:5.
[7]龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[8]陈长民,施和生,许仕策,等.珠江口盆地(东部)第三系油气藏形成条件[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[9]吴湘杰,周蒂,庞雄,等.白云凹陷地球物理场及深部结构特征[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(2):62.
[10]林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等.构造坡折带—断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学,2000,25(3):260-265.
[11]许仕策.预测勘探目标中的层序地层学理论与实践——以珠江口盆地为例[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,13(3):152-158.
[12]Pang X,Yang S K,Zhu M,et al.Deep-water fan system and petroleum resources on the northern slope of South China Sea[J].ACTA Geological SINICA,2004,78(3):626-631.
[13]王存武,陈红汉,施和生,等.珠江口盆地番禺低隆起天然气成因研究[J].天然气工业,2005,25(8):6.
[14]Shanmugam,G,Moiola R J.Submarine fans:Character-istics,models,Classification,and reservoir potential[J].Earth Science Reviews,1988,24:383-428.
[15]Reading H G,Richards M.Tubidite systems in deep water basin marine are classification by grain size and feeder system[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(5):792-822.
[16]方爱民,李继亮,侯泉林.浊流及相关重力流沉积研究综述[J].地质评论,1998,44(3):270-280.
[17]金春爽,乔德武,姜春艳,等.国内外深水区油气勘探新进展[J].海洋地质动态,2003,19(1):20-23.
[18]王家豪,庞雄,王存武,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现和识别[J].地球科学,2006,31(2):209-213.
[19]Chen HH,Wang J H,Xie Y H.et al.Geothermometry and geobarometry of overpressured environments in Qion-gdongnan Basin,South China Sea[J].Geofluids,2003,3:177-187.
[20]Hunt J M.Generation and migration of petroleum from abnormally pressured fluid compartments[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(1):1-12.
[21]张树林,黄耀琴,黄雄伟.流体底辟构造及其成因探讨[J].地质科技情报,1999,18(2):19-22.
[22]张树林,田世澄,朱芳冰,等..莺歌海盆地底辟构造的成因及其石油地质意义[J].中国海上油气,1996,10(1):1-6.
[23]梅廉夫,徐思煌.沉积盆地沉积物天然水力破裂理论及意义[J].地质科技情报,1997,16(1):39-45.
[24]石万忠,陈红汉,陈长民,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷地层压力演化与油气运移模拟[J].地球科学,2006,31(2):229-236.
[25]Aplin A C,Larter M A,Bigge G.PVTX history of the North Sea's Judy oilfield[J].Journal of Geochemical Ex-ploration,2000,69-70:641-644.
[26]陈红汉,董伟良,张树林,等.流体包裹体在古压力模拟研究中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(3):207-211.
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