库车前陆褶皱—冲断带前缘盐构造分段差异变形特征
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摘要
库车前陆褶皱-冲断带前缘秋里塔格构造带发育大量盐构造,其类型丰富多样。根据野外露头、钻井和地震资料识别出的盐构造样式主要有盐推覆、盐枕、盐墙、盐焊接、鱼尾构造、盐撤凹陷、突发构造、断层传播褶皱、断层转折褶皱和三角带构造等。秋里塔格构造带盐构造变形表现出明显的分段差异变形特征,其中西段却勒地区以古隆起(盐下)—盐枕(盐层)—逆冲推覆构造(盐上)为主;中段西秋地区以构造斜坡(盐下)—盐墙(盐层)—断层传播褶皱、向斜(盐上)为主;东段东秋地区则以断层转折褶皱(盐下)—盐推覆(盐层)—断层传播褶皱(盐上)为主。造成这种盐构造分段差异变形的主要控制因素包括基底断裂、含盐层系、构造转换带和变形空间等方面的差异性,其中基底构造和含盐层系的差异性起主导作用。
Numerous salt structures have developed well in the Qiulitag structural belt which is located in the frontal ranges of the Kuqa foreland fold and thrust belt, northern Tarim Basin. Based on the field observation, well and seismic data, the types of salt structures can be divided into salt nappe, salt pillow, salt wall, salt wedding, fish-tail, salt-withdrawal minibasin, pop-up, fault propagation fold, fault bend fold and triangle zone. The geometric and kinematic features of salt structures vary along the strike of the belt, and structural segmentation is very obvious. The structural segmentation of salt structures is mainly referred to their perpendicular assemblages where there are paleo-uplift (subsalt)-salt pillow (salt layer)-thrust (overburden) in the Quele region, structural slope (subsalt)-salt wall (salt layer)-fault propagation fold, inversion anticline and syncline (overburden) in the Xiqiu region, and fault bend fold (subsalt) -salt nappe (salt layer)-fault propagation fold (overburden) in the Dongqiu region. The major factors influencing the segmentation of salt structures include the diversities of basement faults, salt layers, transfer zones and deformation space, of which the basement tectonics and salt layers had imposed the most important effects on the segmentation of salt structures.
Numerous salt structures have developed well in the Qiulitag structural belt which is located in the frontal ranges of the Kuqa foreland fold and thrust belt, northern Tarim Basin. Based on the field observation, well and seismic data, the types of salt structures can be divided into salt nappe, salt pillow, salt wall, salt wedding, fish-tail, salt-withdrawal minibasin, pop-up, fault propagation fold, fault bend fold and triangle zone. The geometric and kinematic features of salt structures vary along the strike of the belt, and structural segmentation is very obvious. The structural segmentation of salt structures is mainly referred to their perpendicular assemblages where there are paleo-uplift (subsalt)-salt pillow (salt layer)-thrust (overburden) in the Quele region, structural slope (subsalt)-salt wall (salt layer)-fault propagation fold, inversion anticline and syncline (overburden) in the Xiqiu region, and fault bend fold (subsalt) -salt nappe (salt layer)-fault propagation fold (overburden) in the Dongqiu region. The major factors influencing the segmentation of salt structures include the diversities of basement faults, salt layers, transfer zones and deformation space, of which the basement tectonics and salt layers had imposed the most important effects on the segmentation of salt structures.
引文
陈书平,汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军,谢会文.2004.库车坳陷西段盐构造及其与油气的关系.石油学报,25(1):30~34.
戈红星,Jackson MP A.1996.盐构造与油气圈闭及其综合利用.南京大学学报(自然科学版),32(4):640~649.
何登发,尹成,杜社宽,石昕,马辉树.2004.前陆冲断带构造分段特征———以准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂构造带为例.地学前缘,11(3):91~101.
卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,贾东,王国强,贾承造.2000.库车再生前陆逆冲带的构造特征与成因.石油学报,21(3):18~24.
卢华复,贾承造,贾东,陈楚铭,刘志宏,王国强,王胜利.2001.库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征.高校地质学报,7(3):257~271.
汤良杰,贾承造,金之钧,皮学军,陈书平,谢会文.2003a.库车前陆褶皱带中段第三系盐枕构造.地质科学,38(3):281~290.
汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军,陈书平,王子煜,谢会文.2003b.库车前陆褶皱带盐相关构造样式.中国科学(D辑),33(1):38~46.
汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,皮学军,陈书平,谢会文,王子煜.2004.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带前缘大型盐推覆构造.地质学报,78(1):17~25.
汤良杰,李京昌,余一欣,王清华,杨文静,谢会文,陈书平,彭更新.2006.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带盐构造差异变形和分段性特征探讨.地质学报,80(3):313~320.
唐祥华.1990.世界含盐盆地中的油气资源.中国地质,24(7):27~28.
汪新,贾承造,杨树锋.2002.南天山库车冲断褶皱带构造几何学和运动学.地质科学,37(3):372~384.
王清华,杨明慧,吕修祥.2004.库车褶皱冲断带秋里塔格构造带东、西分段构造特征与油气聚集.地质科学,39(4):523~531.
邬光辉,王招明,刘玉魁,张宝收.2004.塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造运动学特征.地质论评,50(5):476~483.
余一欣,汤良杰,王清华,杨文静,彭更新,雷刚林.2005a.受盐层影响的前陆褶皱-冲断带构造特征分析———以库车秋立塔克构造带为例.石油学报,26(4):1~4.
余一欣,汤良杰,王清华,杨文静,彭更新,雷刚林.2005b.库车坳陷盐构造与相关成藏模式.煤田地质与勘探,33(6):5~9.
余一欣,汤良杰,李京昌,杨文静,金文正,彭更新,雷刚林,万桂梅.2006.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带基底断裂对盐构造形成的影响.地质学报,80(3):330~336.
张朝军,田在艺.1998.塔里木盆地库车坳陷第三系盐构造与油气.石油学报,19(1):6~10.
Alsop G I,Blundell D G,Davison I.1996.Salt tectonics:someaspects of deformation mechanics.In:Alsop GI,Blundell D G,Davison I,ed.Salt Tectonics.Geological Society SpecialPublication No.100,1~10.
Beydoun Z R.1991.Arabian plate hydrocarbon geology andpotential———a plate tectonic approach.AAPG Studies inGeology,33:1~77.
Coward M,Stewart S.1995.Salt-influenced structures in theMesozoic-Tertiary cover of the southern North Sea,U.K.In:Jackson MP A,Roberts D G,Snelson S,ed.Salt Tectonics:A Global Perspective.AAPG Memoir65,229~250.
De Celles P G,Giles K A.1996.Foreland basin system.BasinResearch,8:105~123.
Demaison G,Huizinga BJ.1991.Genetic classification of petroleumsystem.AAPG Bulletin,75(10):1626~1643.
Edgell H S.1996.Salt tectonics in the Persian Gulf Basins.In:Alsop G I,Blundell D G,Davison I,ed.Salt Tectonics.Geological Society Special Publication No.100,129~151.
Hudec M R,Jackson MP A.2004.Regional restoration across theKwanza Basin,Angola:Salt tectonics triggered by repeateduplift of a metastable passive margin.AAPG Bulletin,88(7):971~990.
Jackson M P A,Vendeville B C,Schultz-Ela D D.1994.Salt-related structures in the Gulf of Mexico:a field guide forgeophysicists.The Leading Edge,13(8):837~842.
Jackson MP A.1996.Retrospective salt tectonics.In:Jackson MPA,Roberts D G,Snelson S,ed.Salt Tectonics:A GlobalPerspective.AAPG Memoir65,1~28.
Koyi H,Petersen K.1993.Influence of basement faults on thedevelopment of salt structures in the Danish Basin.Marine andPetroleum Geology,10(4):82~93.
Larsen B D,Avraham Z B,Shul man H.2002.Fault and salttectonics in the southern Dead Sea basin.Tectonophysics,346(1~2):71~90.
McBride B C,Rowan M G,Wei mer P.1998.The evolution ofallochthonous salt systems,Western Green Canyon and EwingBank(offshore Louisiana),Northern Gulf of Mexico.AAPGBulletin,82(5):1013~1036.
Petersen K,Lerche I.1996.Temperature dependence of thermalanomalies near evolving salt structures:i mportance for reducingexploration risk.In:Alsop GI,Blundell D G,Davison I,ed.Salt Tectonics.Geological Society Special Publication No.100,275~290.
Stewart S A,Harvey MJ,Otto S C,Weston P J.1996.Influenceof salt on fault geometry:examples fromthe UK salt basins.In:Alsop G I,Blundell D G,Davison I,ed.Salt Tectonics.Geological Society Special Publication No.100,175~202.
Suppe J,Medwedeff D A.1990.Geometry and kinematics of faultpropagation folding.Ecologae Geol.Helv.,83(3):409~454.
Volozh V,Talbot C,Zadeh A I.2003.Salt structures andhydrocarbons in the Pricaspian basin.AAPG Bulletin,87(2):313~334.
戈红星,Jackson MP A.1996.盐构造与油气圈闭及其综合利用.南京大学学报(自然科学版),32(4):640~649.
何登发,尹成,杜社宽,石昕,马辉树.2004.前陆冲断带构造分段特征———以准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂构造带为例.地学前缘,11(3):91~101.
卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,贾东,王国强,贾承造.2000.库车再生前陆逆冲带的构造特征与成因.石油学报,21(3):18~24.
卢华复,贾承造,贾东,陈楚铭,刘志宏,王国强,王胜利.2001.库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征.高校地质学报,7(3):257~271.
汤良杰,贾承造,金之钧,皮学军,陈书平,谢会文.2003a.库车前陆褶皱带中段第三系盐枕构造.地质科学,38(3):281~290.
汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军,陈书平,王子煜,谢会文.2003b.库车前陆褶皱带盐相关构造样式.中国科学(D辑),33(1):38~46.
汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,皮学军,陈书平,谢会文,王子煜.2004.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带前缘大型盐推覆构造.地质学报,78(1):17~25.
汤良杰,李京昌,余一欣,王清华,杨文静,谢会文,陈书平,彭更新.2006.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带盐构造差异变形和分段性特征探讨.地质学报,80(3):313~320.
唐祥华.1990.世界含盐盆地中的油气资源.中国地质,24(7):27~28.
汪新,贾承造,杨树锋.2002.南天山库车冲断褶皱带构造几何学和运动学.地质科学,37(3):372~384.
王清华,杨明慧,吕修祥.2004.库车褶皱冲断带秋里塔格构造带东、西分段构造特征与油气聚集.地质科学,39(4):523~531.
邬光辉,王招明,刘玉魁,张宝收.2004.塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造运动学特征.地质论评,50(5):476~483.
余一欣,汤良杰,王清华,杨文静,彭更新,雷刚林.2005a.受盐层影响的前陆褶皱-冲断带构造特征分析———以库车秋立塔克构造带为例.石油学报,26(4):1~4.
余一欣,汤良杰,王清华,杨文静,彭更新,雷刚林.2005b.库车坳陷盐构造与相关成藏模式.煤田地质与勘探,33(6):5~9.
余一欣,汤良杰,李京昌,杨文静,金文正,彭更新,雷刚林,万桂梅.2006.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带基底断裂对盐构造形成的影响.地质学报,80(3):330~336.
张朝军,田在艺.1998.塔里木盆地库车坳陷第三系盐构造与油气.石油学报,19(1):6~10.
Alsop G I,Blundell D G,Davison I.1996.Salt tectonics:someaspects of deformation mechanics.In:Alsop GI,Blundell D G,Davison I,ed.Salt Tectonics.Geological Society SpecialPublication No.100,1~10.
Beydoun Z R.1991.Arabian plate hydrocarbon geology andpotential———a plate tectonic approach.AAPG Studies inGeology,33:1~77.
Coward M,Stewart S.1995.Salt-influenced structures in theMesozoic-Tertiary cover of the southern North Sea,U.K.In:Jackson MP A,Roberts D G,Snelson S,ed.Salt Tectonics:A Global Perspective.AAPG Memoir65,229~250.
De Celles P G,Giles K A.1996.Foreland basin system.BasinResearch,8:105~123.
Demaison G,Huizinga BJ.1991.Genetic classification of petroleumsystem.AAPG Bulletin,75(10):1626~1643.
Edgell H S.1996.Salt tectonics in the Persian Gulf Basins.In:Alsop G I,Blundell D G,Davison I,ed.Salt Tectonics.Geological Society Special Publication No.100,129~151.
Hudec M R,Jackson MP A.2004.Regional restoration across theKwanza Basin,Angola:Salt tectonics triggered by repeateduplift of a metastable passive margin.AAPG Bulletin,88(7):971~990.
Jackson M P A,Vendeville B C,Schultz-Ela D D.1994.Salt-related structures in the Gulf of Mexico:a field guide forgeophysicists.The Leading Edge,13(8):837~842.
Jackson MP A.1996.Retrospective salt tectonics.In:Jackson MPA,Roberts D G,Snelson S,ed.Salt Tectonics:A GlobalPerspective.AAPG Memoir65,1~28.
Koyi H,Petersen K.1993.Influence of basement faults on thedevelopment of salt structures in the Danish Basin.Marine andPetroleum Geology,10(4):82~93.
Larsen B D,Avraham Z B,Shul man H.2002.Fault and salttectonics in the southern Dead Sea basin.Tectonophysics,346(1~2):71~90.
McBride B C,Rowan M G,Wei mer P.1998.The evolution ofallochthonous salt systems,Western Green Canyon and EwingBank(offshore Louisiana),Northern Gulf of Mexico.AAPGBulletin,82(5):1013~1036.
Petersen K,Lerche I.1996.Temperature dependence of thermalanomalies near evolving salt structures:i mportance for reducingexploration risk.In:Alsop GI,Blundell D G,Davison I,ed.Salt Tectonics.Geological Society Special Publication No.100,275~290.
Stewart S A,Harvey MJ,Otto S C,Weston P J.1996.Influenceof salt on fault geometry:examples fromthe UK salt basins.In:Alsop G I,Blundell D G,Davison I,ed.Salt Tectonics.Geological Society Special Publication No.100,175~202.
Suppe J,Medwedeff D A.1990.Geometry and kinematics of faultpropagation folding.Ecologae Geol.Helv.,83(3):409~454.
Volozh V,Talbot C,Zadeh A I.2003.Salt structures andhydrocarbons in the Pricaspian basin.AAPG Bulletin,87(2):313~334.
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