库车坳陷东部山前带古近系不同体系域内扇三角洲沉积砂体的对比研究
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摘要
通过对塔里木盆地库车坳陷南天山山前带克孜勒努尔沟与依奇克里克野外露头沉积相的精细研究,结合山前带大量地震剖面分析与迪那201井、东秋5井等多口钻井测井相和岩心精细描述,将古近系库姆格列木群划分为2个层序。层序2低位域以冲积扇沉积为主,自湖侵体系域始,研究区广泛发育退积与进积型扇三角洲沉积。库姆格列木群层序2湖侵体系域内扇三角洲平原砂体以正韵律沉积为主,砂砾岩占地层厚度的(68.4～87)%;扇三角洲前缘砂体正、反韵律均有分布,砂砾岩占地层的百分比有所降低,为(55.2～77)%。高位体系域内主要发育以反韵律砂体为主的扇三角洲前缘沉积。古近系苏维依组只发育一个层序,其低位体系域的砂体为扇三角洲平原与前缘的分流河道砂体,湖侵体系域内扇三角洲前缘砂体正、反韵律均发育,高位体系域内主要发育扇三角洲前缘沉积,以反韵律砂体为主,正韵律砂体相对较少。对比苏维依组不同体系域内砂体储集性,湖侵域内砂体优于高位域内砂体。扇三角洲沉积体中有利储集砂体首选为湖侵体系域内的扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道和河口坝砂体,次之为低位域扇三角洲前缘(平原)分流河道砂体,最后是高位域内的河口坝及席状砂沉积砂体。特别要指出:低位体系域或者湖侵体系域底部发育的扇三角洲前缘(平原)分流河道砂体(底砂砾岩)被快速湖侵的较厚的暗色泥岩所覆盖,可形成较好储集场所。
By studing sedimentary facies of the field profiles at Kezilenuer and Yiqikelike in foreland of the Tianshan Mountains,analyzing lots of seismic profiles and logging facies,and systematic describing cores from the Wells Dina 201 and Dongqiu 5,two stratigraphic sequences were established in the Paleogene Kumugeliemu Group.At the beginning of transgressive system tract of the sequence 2,backstep and progradational fan-deltas deposited in foreland of the Tianshan Mountains.There were some distributed channels,with a grade of becoming finer upward,and a little bar with a grade becoming coarser upward in transgressive system tract of the sequence 2 of the Kumugeliemu Group.The grain size became finer upward in the sandstone of fan-delta plain deposits.The thickness of grit layers was(68.4～87)% of the total strata.In the deposits of fan-delta front,both the grades of finer and coarser upward could be observed,with the thickness of grit layers being(55.2～77)% of the total strata.In the fan-delta front deposited in highstand system tract,the reverse grade seemed more often,with thickness of grit layers being(35～96.4)% of the total strata.Only one sequence occurred in the Suweiyi Formation,and the sandstone of channel sediments distributed in lowstand system tract,with a normal grade.The thickness of grit layers was 67.3% of the total strata.In lowstand system tract,the sandstones of fan-delta front sediments became finer upward,with thickness of grit layers being(90.7～96.4)% of the total strata.In fan-delta front and plain deposits,the thickness of grit layers was(58～66.6)% and(37.1～96)%,respectively.A comparative study on reservoirs in different system tracts demonstrated that the reservoirs in TST might be better than that in HST.The best reservoirs should be sandstones of subwater distributed channel and bar of fan-delta front in TST.The relatively better one was distributed channel sandstone of fan-delta plain in LST.The sandstone of bar of fan-delta front in HST was considered as general reservoir.The distribution of fan-delta sandbody was controlled by fast rise and slow fall of lacustrine level,and covered by transgressive mudstone,which might become good reservoir at bottom in LST or TST.
By studing sedimentary facies of the field profiles at Kezilenuer and Yiqikelike in foreland of the Tianshan Mountains,analyzing lots of seismic profiles and logging facies,and systematic describing cores from the Wells Dina 201 and Dongqiu 5,two stratigraphic sequences were established in the Paleogene Kumugeliemu Group.At the beginning of transgressive system tract of the sequence 2,backstep and progradational fan-deltas deposited in foreland of the Tianshan Mountains.There were some distributed channels,with a grade of becoming finer upward,and a little bar with a grade becoming coarser upward in transgressive system tract of the sequence 2 of the Kumugeliemu Group.The grain size became finer upward in the sandstone of fan-delta plain deposits.The thickness of grit layers was(68.4～87)% of the total strata.In the deposits of fan-delta front,both the grades of finer and coarser upward could be observed,with the thickness of grit layers being(55.2～77)% of the total strata.In the fan-delta front deposited in highstand system tract,the reverse grade seemed more often,with thickness of grit layers being(35～96.4)% of the total strata.Only one sequence occurred in the Suweiyi Formation,and the sandstone of channel sediments distributed in lowstand system tract,with a normal grade.The thickness of grit layers was 67.3% of the total strata.In lowstand system tract,the sandstones of fan-delta front sediments became finer upward,with thickness of grit layers being(90.7～96.4)% of the total strata.In fan-delta front and plain deposits,the thickness of grit layers was(58～66.6)% and(37.1～96)%,respectively.A comparative study on reservoirs in different system tracts demonstrated that the reservoirs in TST might be better than that in HST.The best reservoirs should be sandstones of subwater distributed channel and bar of fan-delta front in TST.The relatively better one was distributed channel sandstone of fan-delta plain in LST.The sandstone of bar of fan-delta front in HST was considered as general reservoir.The distribution of fan-delta sandbody was controlled by fast rise and slow fall of lacustrine level,and covered by transgressive mudstone,which might become good reservoir at bottom in LST or TST.
引文
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田作基,胡见义,宋建国,罗志立.2002.塔里木库车陆内前陆盆地及其勘探意义.地质科学,37(增刊):105—112.Tian Zuoji,Hu Jianyi,Song Jianguo and Luo Zhili.2002.The Kuqa intracontinental foreland basin and its significance for pe-troleum exploration.Chinese Jour.Geol.,37(Suppl.):105—112.
万桂梅,汤良杰,金文正,余一欣.2007.膏盐层在库车秋里塔格构造带构造变形及成藏中的作用.地质科学,42(4):666—677.Wan Guimei,Tang Liangjie,Jin Wenzheng and Yu Yixin.2007.Functions of gypsum-salt layer in tectonic deformation andhydrocarbon accumulation of the Qiultag structural belt,Kuqa Depression.Chinese Jour.Geol.,42(4):666—677.
张丽娟,李多丽,孙玉善,程明.2006.库车坳陷西部古近系—白垩系沉积储层特征分析.天然气地球科学,17(3):355—360.Zhang Lijuan,Li Duoli,Sun Yushan and Cheng Ming.2006.Analysis of characteristics of sedimentary reservoir between Creta-ceous and Palaeogene in the western part of the Kuqa depression.Natural Gas Geoscience,17(3):355—360.
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金文正,汤良杰,王清华,万桂梅,杨文静,余一欣,彭更新.2007.新疆库车盆地东秋里塔格构造带新生代的构造演化.地质科学,42(3):444—454.Jin Wenzheng,Tang Liangjie,Wang Qinghua,Wan Guimei,Yang Wenjing,Yu Yixin and Peng Gengxin.2007.Cenozoictectonic evolution of the eastern Qiultag structural belt,Kuqa foreland basin in Xinjiang.Chinese Jour.Geol.,42(3):444—454.
旷红伟,高振中,翟永红,彭德堂,刘学峰.2003.塔里木盆地库车坳陷第三系储层特征研究.石油学报,24(1):25—30.Kuang Hongwei,Gao Zhenzhong,Zhai Yonghong,Peng Detang and Liu Xuefeng.2003.Characteristics of Tertiary reservoirin Kuqa depression of Tarim Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,24(1):25—30.
李双建,王清晨,李忠,王道轩.2006.砂岩碎屑组份变化对库车坳陷和南天山盆山演化的指示.地质科学,41(3):465—478.Li Shuangjian,Wang Qingchen,Li Zhong and Wang Daoxuan.2006.Detrital modes of sandstones and their implications forbasin-mountain evolution between the Kuqa Depression and South Tianshan Mountains.Chinese Jour.Geol.,41(3):465—478.
李双建,石永红,王清晨,李忠.2007.白垩纪以来库车坳陷碎屑重矿物组成变化.地质科学,42(4):709—721.Li Shuangjian,Shi Yonghong,Wang Qingchen and Li Zhong.2007.Changes of detrital heavy minerals composition in the KuqaDepression from Cretaceous.Chinese Jour.Geol.,42(4):709—721.
李忠,王道轩,林伟,王清晨.2004.库车坳陷中-新生界碎屑组份对物源类型及其构造属性的指示.岩石学报,20(3):655—666.Li Zhong,Wang Daoxuan,Lin Wei and Wang Qingchen.2004.Mesozoic-Cenozoic clastic composition in Kuqa depression,northwest China:Implication for provenance types and tectonic attributes.Acta Petrologica Sinica,20(3):655—666.
林畅松,刘景彦,张燕梅,肖建新,陈建强,纪云龙.2002.库车坳陷第三系构造层序的构成特征及其对前陆构造作用的响应.中国科学D辑,32(3):177—183.Lin Changsong,Liu Jingyan,Zhang Yanmei,Xiao Jianxin,Chen Jianqiang and Ji Yunlong.2002.Depositional architectureof the Tertiary tectonic sequences and their response to foreland tectonism in the Kuqa depression,the Tarim Basin.Science in China,Series D,32(3):177—183.
刘景彦,林畅松,李喜臣,刘丽军,张韬.2003.库车坳陷古近系库姆格列木组高精度层序地层分析及其油气勘探意义.地球学报,24(5):429—434.Liu Jingyan,Lin Changsong,Li Xichen,Liu Lijun and Zhang Tao.2003.High-resolution sequence stratigraphic study of thePalaeogene Kumugeliemu Formation and its significance in oil-gas exploration in the Kuqa Depression.Acta Geosicien-tia Sinica,24(5):429—434.
刘志宏,卢华复,李西建,贾承造,雷刚林,陈楚铭,王国强,范湘涛.2000.库车再生前陆盆地的构造演化.地质科学,35(4):482—492.Liu Zhihong,Lu Huafu,Li Xijian,Jia Chengzao,Lei Ganglin,Chen Chuming,Wang Guoqiang and Fan Xiangtao.2000.Tec-tonic evolution of Kuqa rejuvenated foreland basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.(formerly,Scientia Geologica Sinica),35(4):482—492.
苗继军,贾承造,王招明,齐英敏,张君峰,赵恩宏.2005.塔里木盆地北部库车地区秋里塔格构造带地层结构及其对构造变形的制约.地质科学,40(4):558—569.Miao Jijun,Jia Chengzao,Wang Zhaoming,Qi Yingmin,Zhang Junfeng and Zhao Enhong.2005.Stratigraphic configurationcontrol on tectonic deformation along the Qiultag anticline belt of Kuqa area,Northern TarimBasin,Chinese Jour.Ge-ol.,40(4):558—569.
邵龙义,何志平,顾家裕,罗文林,贾进华,刘永福,张丽娟,张鹏飞.2006.塔里木盆地古近纪岩相古地理.古地理学报,8(3):353—364.Shao Longyi,He Zhiping,Gu Jiayu,Luo Wenlin,Jia Jinhua,Liu Yongfu,Zhang Lijuan and Zhang Pengfei.2006.Lithofa-cies palaeogeography of the Paleogene in Tarim Basin.Journal ofPalaeogeography,8(3):353—364.
邵龙义,罗文林,顾家裕,鲁静,何志平,贾进华,刘永福,张丽娟,肖中尧.2007.塔里木盆地古近系层序地层研究.古地理学报,9(3):283—292.Shao Longyi,Luo Wenlin,Gu Jiayu,Lu Jing,He Zhiping,Jia Jinhua,Liu Yongfu,Zhang Lijuan and Xiao Zhongyao.2007.A basin wide sequence stratigraphic analysis of the Paleogene in Tarim Basin.Journal ofPalaeogeography,9(3):283—292.
孙龙德,李曰俊,宋文杰,田作基,王国林,邬光辉.2002.塔里木盆地北部构造与油气分布规律.地质科学,37(增刊):1—13.Sun Longde,Li Yuejun,Song Wenjie,Tian Zuoji,Wang Guolin and Wu Guanghui.2002.Tectonics and oil-gas distributionin the north Tarim Basin,NW China.Chinese Jour.Geol.,37(Suppl.):1—13.
谭秀成,王振宇,李凌,孙崇浩,陈景山,曹剑.2006.库车前陆盆地第三系沉积相配置及演化研究.沉积学报,24(6):790—797.Tan Xiucheng,Wang Zhenyu,Li Ling,Sun Chonghao,Chen Jingshan and Cao Jian.2006.Arrangement and evolution of Ter-tiary sedimentary facies in Kuche foreland basin,Xinjiang.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,24(6):790—797.
滕志宏,岳乐平,何登发,邓秀芹,边小卫.1997.南疆库车河新生界剖面磁性地层研究.地层学杂志,21(1):55—62.Teng Zhihong,Yue Leping,He Dengfa,Deng Xiuqin and Bian Xiaowei.1997.Magnetostratigraphic research of Cenozoicsection of Kuche River area,South Xinjiang.Journal ofStratigraphy,21(1):55—62.
田作基,胡见义,宋建国,罗志立.2002.塔里木库车陆内前陆盆地及其勘探意义.地质科学,37(增刊):105—112.Tian Zuoji,Hu Jianyi,Song Jianguo and Luo Zhili.2002.The Kuqa intracontinental foreland basin and its significance for pe-troleum exploration.Chinese Jour.Geol.,37(Suppl.):105—112.
万桂梅,汤良杰,金文正,余一欣.2007.膏盐层在库车秋里塔格构造带构造变形及成藏中的作用.地质科学,42(4):666—677.Wan Guimei,Tang Liangjie,Jin Wenzheng and Yu Yixin.2007.Functions of gypsum-salt layer in tectonic deformation andhydrocarbon accumulation of the Qiultag structural belt,Kuqa Depression.Chinese Jour.Geol.,42(4):666—677.
张丽娟,李多丽,孙玉善,程明.2006.库车坳陷西部古近系—白垩系沉积储层特征分析.天然气地球科学,17(3):355—360.Zhang Lijuan,Li Duoli,Sun Yushan and Cheng Ming.2006.Analysis of characteristics of sedimentary reservoir between Creta-ceous and Palaeogene in the western part of the Kuqa depression.Natural Gas Geoscience,17(3):355—360.
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