冲绳海槽西南端中全新世以来的沉积速率与物源分析
摘要
冲绳海槽西南端作为黑潮路径下一个高速沉降中心一直受到地球科学界的关注.在实验室对2005年5月中法合作航次在冲绳海槽南部取得的原状无搅动的深海沉积柱状样MD05-2908岩芯进行了沉积通量与沉积特征分析,并对物质来源进行了探讨.样品在分割后分别进行了AMS14C分析、粗颗粒组分(>63μm)的提取及含水量的测定.结果显示,该34m长柱状岩芯底部年龄仅为6.8kaBP,其平均线性沉积速率达到了5m/ka,揭示出冲绳海槽西南端自中全新世以来具有非常高的沉积速率;结合含水量数据,其沉积通量也与研究区现代沉积通量相符合.根据17个AMS14C数据识别出了5期快速沉积事件(6790～6600,5690～5600,4820～4720,1090～880以及260～190aBP),其持续时间为70～200a不等,快速沉积期间其最大沉积速率可以达到21.2m/ka.通过与相邻的ODP1202站对比后发现,研究区沉积物皆以细颗粒的黏土与粉砂质为主,粗颗粒组分所占比重总体不到5%.台湾岛东北部丰富的降雨量使得宜兰境内的兰阳溪可以携带大量陆源物质进入宜兰陆架并进一步向冲绳海槽输运,成为研究区重要的物质来源.这5期快速堆积事件主要是与气候变化引起的区域性降水增加有关,另外岩芯也记录到由地震、风暴等因素引起的小时间尺度的沉积增强事件.由地震、风暴等引起的侧向与底层传输使得研究区的沉积环境更为复杂,但同时也为冲绳海槽提供了丰富的物质供应.
引文
1Thompson P R.Planktonic foraminifera in the western North Pacific during the past150000years:Comparison of modern and fossil assemblages.Paleogeogr Paleoclimatol Paleoecol,1981,4:241—279
2Shieh Y T,Wang C H,Chen M P,et al.The last glacial maximum to Holocene environment changes in the southern Okinawa Trough.J Asian Earth Sci,1997,15[1]:3—8
3Li B H,Jian Z M,Wang P X.Pulleniatina obliquiloculata as paleoceanogrphic indicator in the southern Okinawa Trough during thelast20000years.Mar Micropaleontol,1997,32:59—69
4Li T G,Liu Z X,Michael A,et al.Heinrich event imprints in the Okinawa Trough:Evidence from oxygen isotope and planktonic fo-raminifera.Paleogeogr Paleoclimatol Paleoecol,2001,176:133—146
5苍树溪,阎军.西太平洋特定海域古海洋学.青岛:青岛出版社,1992
6翦知湣,李保华,Pflaumann U,等.西太平洋晚全新世变冷事件.中国科学D辑:地球科学,1996,26[5]:461—466
7刘振夏,Saito Y,李铁刚.冲绳海槽晚第四纪千年尺度的古海洋学研究.科学通报,1999,44[8]:883—887
8刘振夏,李培英,李铁刚,等.冲绳海槽5万年以来的古气候事件.科学通报,2000,45[16]:1776—1781
9孟宪伟,刘焱光,刘振夏,等.冲绳海槽全新世表层水温、盐度和大气CO2恢复及其古气候意义.科学通报,2001,46[增刊]:80—83
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11Chung Y,Chang W C.Pb-210fluxes and sedimentation rates on the lower continental slope between Taiwan and the South Okinawa Trough.Cont Shelf Res,1995,15:149—164
12Salisbury M H,Shinohara M,Richter C,et al.Shipboard scientific party.Proc ODP Init Repts,195:1—46
13Chen S K.Sediment Accumulation Rates and Organic Carbon Deposition in the East China Sea Continental Margin Sediments.M.S.Thesis,Taipei:National Taiwan University,1995.80
14Jeng W L,Chen M P.Grain size effect on bound lipids in sediments off northeastern Taiwan.Org Geochem,1995,23:301—310
15陈民本,林庚玲,黄奇瑜.台湾东北外海黑潮转向区表层沉积物之沉积性质及构造.地质[台湾],1995,15:15—47
16Sheu D D,Jou W C,Chung Y C,et al.Geochemical and carbon isotopic characterization of particles collected in sediment traps from the East China Sea continental slope and the Okinawa Trough northeast of Taiwan.Cont Shelf Res,1999,19:183—203
17Jeng W L,Huh C A.A comparison of sedimentary aliphatic hydrocarbon distribution between the southern Okinawa Trough and a nearby river with high sediment discharge.Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,2006,66:217—224
18Huh C A,Su C C,Wang C H,et al.Sedimentation in the Southern Okinawa Trough—Rates,turbidities and a sediment budget.Mar Geol,2006,231:129—139
19Jeng W L.Aliphatic hydrocarbon concentrations in short sediment cores from the southern Okinawa Trough:Implications for lipid deposition in a complex environment.Cont Shelf Res,2007,27:2066—2078
20Kao S J,Lin F J,Liu K K.Organic carbon and nitrogen contents and their isotopic compositions in surficial sediments from the East China Sea shelf and the southern Okinawa Trough.Deep-Sea ResⅡ,2003,50:1203—1217
21Hsu S C,Lin F J,Jeng W L.The effect of a cyclonic eddy on the distribution of lithogenic particles in the southern East China Sea.J Mar Res,1998,56:813—832
22Hsu S C,Lin F J,Jeng W L,et al.Observed sediment fluxes in the southwesternmost Okinawa Trough enhanced by episodic events:Flood runoff from Taiwan rivers and large earthquakes.Deep-Sea Res,Part I,2004,51:979—997
23Stuiver M,Reimer P J,Bard E.INTCAL98Radiocarbon age calibration24000—0cal a BP.Radiocarbon,1998,40:1041—1083
24UjiiéY,UjjiéH,Taira A,et al.Spatial and temporal variability of surface water in the Kuroshio source region,Pacific Ocean over the past21000years:Evidence from planktonic foraminifera.Mar Micropaleontol,2003,49:335—364
25Jian Z,Li B,Huang B,et al.Globorotalia trucatulinoides as indicator of upper-ocean thermal structure during the Quaternary:Evi-dence from the South China Sea and Okinawa Trough.Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol,2000,162:287—298
26Baker E T,Hickey B M.Contemporary sedimentation processes in and around an active west coast submarine canyon.Mar Geol,1986,71:15—34
27Gardner W D.Baltimore Canyon as a modern conduit of sediment to the deep sea.Deep-Sea Res,1989,36:323—358
28Monaco A,Courp T,Heussner S,et al.Seasonality and composition of particulate fluxes during ECOMARGE-I,western Gulf of Li-ons.Cont Shelf Res,1990,10:959—987
29Tommaso T,Stefano M,Miguel A,et al.Source,transport and fate of terrestrial organic carbon on the western Mediterranean Sea,Gulf of Lions,France.Mar Chem,2007,105[2]:101—117
30Biscaye P E,Anderson R F,Deck B L.Fluxes of particles and constituents to the eastern United States continental slope and rise:SEEP-I.Cont Shelf Res,1988,8:855—904
31Biscaye P E,Anderson R F.Fluxes of particulate matter on the slope of the southern Middle Atlantic Bight:SEEP-Ⅱ.Deep-Sea ResⅡ,1994,41:459—509
32Dadson S J.Links between erosion,runoff variability and seismicity in the Taiwan orogen.Nature,2003,426:648—651
33Jeng W L,Lin S,Kao S J.Distribution of terrigenous lipids in marine sediments off northeastern Taiwan.Deep-Sea Res,PartⅡ,2003,50:1179—1201
34Liu K K,Peng T H,Shaw P T,et al.Circulation and biogeochemical processes in the East China Sea and the vicinity of Taiwan:An overview and a brief synthesis.Deep-Sea Res,PartⅡ,2003,50:1055—1064
35洪国璋.台湾东北海域陆坡区之沈降颗粒:通量、粒径分布及铅钋不平衡.博士学位论文.高雄:台湾中山大学海洋地质与化学研究所,2000
36Chen M P,Lo S C,Lin K L.Composition and texture of surface sediment indicating the depositional environments off Northeast Taiwan.Terr Atmos Ocean Sci,1992,3[3]:395—417
37林庚铃.台湾东北外海表层沉积物之构造、组织和黏土矿物.硕士学位论文.台北:台湾大学海洋研究所,1992
38Liu J P,Li A C,Xu K H,et al.Sedimentary features of the Yangtze River-derived along-shelf clinoform deposit in the East China Sea.Cont Shelf Res,2006,26:2141—2156
39Liu J P,Xu K H,Li A C,et al.Flux and fate of Yangtze River sediment delivered to the East China Sea.Geomorphology,2007,85:208—224
40张晓岚.宜兰陆架与周围沉积物分布及特征之初步研究.硕士学位论文.台北:台湾大学海洋研究所,2003
41Chung Y,Huang G W.Particulate fluxes and transports on the slope between the southern East China Sea and the South Okinawa Trough.Cont Shelf Res,2000,20:571—597
42Deuser W G,Ross E H,Anderson R F.Seasonality in the supply of sediment to the deep Sargasso Sea and implications for the rapid transfer of matter to the deep ocean.Deep Sea Res Part A,Oceanogr Res Pap,1981,28[5]:495—505
43Deuser W G,Ross E H,Hemleben C,et al.Seasonal changes in species composition,numbers,mass,size,and isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera settling into the deep Sargasso sea.Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol,1981,33[1]:103—127
44Ramaswamy V,Nair R R,Manganini S,et al.Lithogenic fluxes to the deep Arabian sea measured by sediment traps.Deep Sea Res Part A,Oceanogr Res Pap,1991,38[2]:169—184
45Wheatcroft R A.Oceanic flood sedimentation:A new perspective.Cont Shelf Res,2000,20[16]:2059—2066
46Andre M,Pierre B,Jacques S.Particle fluxes and ecosystem response on a continental margin:The1985—1988Mediterranean ECOMARGE experiment.Cont Shelf Res,1990,10[9-11]:809—839
47Biscaye P E,Anderson R F.Fluxes of particulate matter on the slope of the southern Middle Atlantic Bight:SEEP-II.Deep Sea Res Part II:Top Stud Oceanogr,1994,41[2-3]:459—509
48Walsh J P,Nittrouer C A.Observations of sediment flux to the Eel continental slope,northern California.Mar Geol,1999,154[1-4]:55—68
49Hung J J,Lin C S,Hung G W,et al.Lateral transport of lithogenic particles from the continental margin of the southern East China Sea.Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,1999,49:483—499
50Kao S J,Liu K K.Estimating the suspended sediment load by using the historical hydrometric record from the Lanyang-Hsi water-shed.Terrest Atmos Ocean Sci,2001,12:401—414
51Milliman J D,Kao S J.Hyperpycnal discharge of fluvial sediment to the ocean:Impact of Super-typhoon Herb[1996]on Taiwanese Rivers.J Geol,2005,113:503—516
52Milliman J D,Syvitski J P.Geomorphic tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean—the importance of small mountainous rivers.J Geol,1992,100:525—544
53Liew P M,Lee C Y,Kuo C M.Holocene thermal optimal and climate variability of East Asian monsoon inferred from forest recon-struction of a subalpine pollen sequence,Taiwan.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2006,250:596—605
54周凤琴.从红花套遗址的发掘探讨该区新构造运动特征及古地理环境.见:林春,主编.葛洲坝工程文物考古成果汇编.武汉:武汉大学出版社,1990
55何华春,王颖,李书桓.长江南京段历史洪水位追溯.地理学报,2004,59[6]:938—947
56朱诚,于世永,张兵.南京宝华山地区全新世沉积环境研究.地理科学,1997,17[3]:253—258
57Huh C A,Su C C,Liang W T,et al.Linkages between turbidities in the southern Okinawa Trough and submarine earthquakes.Geo-phys Res Lett,2004,31:L12304
2Shieh Y T,Wang C H,Chen M P,et al.The last glacial maximum to Holocene environment changes in the southern Okinawa Trough.J Asian Earth Sci,1997,15[1]:3—8
3Li B H,Jian Z M,Wang P X.Pulleniatina obliquiloculata as paleoceanogrphic indicator in the southern Okinawa Trough during thelast20000years.Mar Micropaleontol,1997,32:59—69
4Li T G,Liu Z X,Michael A,et al.Heinrich event imprints in the Okinawa Trough:Evidence from oxygen isotope and planktonic fo-raminifera.Paleogeogr Paleoclimatol Paleoecol,2001,176:133—146
5苍树溪,阎军.西太平洋特定海域古海洋学.青岛:青岛出版社,1992
6翦知湣,李保华,Pflaumann U,等.西太平洋晚全新世变冷事件.中国科学D辑:地球科学,1996,26[5]:461—466
7刘振夏,Saito Y,李铁刚.冲绳海槽晚第四纪千年尺度的古海洋学研究.科学通报,1999,44[8]:883—887
8刘振夏,李培英,李铁刚,等.冲绳海槽5万年以来的古气候事件.科学通报,2000,45[16]:1776—1781
9孟宪伟,刘焱光,刘振夏,等.冲绳海槽全新世表层水温、盐度和大气CO2恢复及其古气候意义.科学通报,2001,46[增刊]:80—83
10Wei K Y.Leg195synthesis:Site1202—Late Quaternary sedimentation and paleoceanography in the southern Okinawa Trough.In:Shinohara M,Salisbury M H,Richter C,eds.Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Scientific Results,2006,195[3]:1—31
11Chung Y,Chang W C.Pb-210fluxes and sedimentation rates on the lower continental slope between Taiwan and the South Okinawa Trough.Cont Shelf Res,1995,15:149—164
12Salisbury M H,Shinohara M,Richter C,et al.Shipboard scientific party.Proc ODP Init Repts,195:1—46
13Chen S K.Sediment Accumulation Rates and Organic Carbon Deposition in the East China Sea Continental Margin Sediments.M.S.Thesis,Taipei:National Taiwan University,1995.80
14Jeng W L,Chen M P.Grain size effect on bound lipids in sediments off northeastern Taiwan.Org Geochem,1995,23:301—310
15陈民本,林庚玲,黄奇瑜.台湾东北外海黑潮转向区表层沉积物之沉积性质及构造.地质[台湾],1995,15:15—47
16Sheu D D,Jou W C,Chung Y C,et al.Geochemical and carbon isotopic characterization of particles collected in sediment traps from the East China Sea continental slope and the Okinawa Trough northeast of Taiwan.Cont Shelf Res,1999,19:183—203
17Jeng W L,Huh C A.A comparison of sedimentary aliphatic hydrocarbon distribution between the southern Okinawa Trough and a nearby river with high sediment discharge.Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,2006,66:217—224
18Huh C A,Su C C,Wang C H,et al.Sedimentation in the Southern Okinawa Trough—Rates,turbidities and a sediment budget.Mar Geol,2006,231:129—139
19Jeng W L.Aliphatic hydrocarbon concentrations in short sediment cores from the southern Okinawa Trough:Implications for lipid deposition in a complex environment.Cont Shelf Res,2007,27:2066—2078
20Kao S J,Lin F J,Liu K K.Organic carbon and nitrogen contents and their isotopic compositions in surficial sediments from the East China Sea shelf and the southern Okinawa Trough.Deep-Sea ResⅡ,2003,50:1203—1217
21Hsu S C,Lin F J,Jeng W L.The effect of a cyclonic eddy on the distribution of lithogenic particles in the southern East China Sea.J Mar Res,1998,56:813—832
22Hsu S C,Lin F J,Jeng W L,et al.Observed sediment fluxes in the southwesternmost Okinawa Trough enhanced by episodic events:Flood runoff from Taiwan rivers and large earthquakes.Deep-Sea Res,Part I,2004,51:979—997
23Stuiver M,Reimer P J,Bard E.INTCAL98Radiocarbon age calibration24000—0cal a BP.Radiocarbon,1998,40:1041—1083
24UjiiéY,UjjiéH,Taira A,et al.Spatial and temporal variability of surface water in the Kuroshio source region,Pacific Ocean over the past21000years:Evidence from planktonic foraminifera.Mar Micropaleontol,2003,49:335—364
25Jian Z,Li B,Huang B,et al.Globorotalia trucatulinoides as indicator of upper-ocean thermal structure during the Quaternary:Evi-dence from the South China Sea and Okinawa Trough.Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol,2000,162:287—298
26Baker E T,Hickey B M.Contemporary sedimentation processes in and around an active west coast submarine canyon.Mar Geol,1986,71:15—34
27Gardner W D.Baltimore Canyon as a modern conduit of sediment to the deep sea.Deep-Sea Res,1989,36:323—358
28Monaco A,Courp T,Heussner S,et al.Seasonality and composition of particulate fluxes during ECOMARGE-I,western Gulf of Li-ons.Cont Shelf Res,1990,10:959—987
29Tommaso T,Stefano M,Miguel A,et al.Source,transport and fate of terrestrial organic carbon on the western Mediterranean Sea,Gulf of Lions,France.Mar Chem,2007,105[2]:101—117
30Biscaye P E,Anderson R F,Deck B L.Fluxes of particles and constituents to the eastern United States continental slope and rise:SEEP-I.Cont Shelf Res,1988,8:855—904
31Biscaye P E,Anderson R F.Fluxes of particulate matter on the slope of the southern Middle Atlantic Bight:SEEP-Ⅱ.Deep-Sea ResⅡ,1994,41:459—509
32Dadson S J.Links between erosion,runoff variability and seismicity in the Taiwan orogen.Nature,2003,426:648—651
33Jeng W L,Lin S,Kao S J.Distribution of terrigenous lipids in marine sediments off northeastern Taiwan.Deep-Sea Res,PartⅡ,2003,50:1179—1201
34Liu K K,Peng T H,Shaw P T,et al.Circulation and biogeochemical processes in the East China Sea and the vicinity of Taiwan:An overview and a brief synthesis.Deep-Sea Res,PartⅡ,2003,50:1055—1064
35洪国璋.台湾东北海域陆坡区之沈降颗粒:通量、粒径分布及铅钋不平衡.博士学位论文.高雄:台湾中山大学海洋地质与化学研究所,2000
36Chen M P,Lo S C,Lin K L.Composition and texture of surface sediment indicating the depositional environments off Northeast Taiwan.Terr Atmos Ocean Sci,1992,3[3]:395—417
37林庚铃.台湾东北外海表层沉积物之构造、组织和黏土矿物.硕士学位论文.台北:台湾大学海洋研究所,1992
38Liu J P,Li A C,Xu K H,et al.Sedimentary features of the Yangtze River-derived along-shelf clinoform deposit in the East China Sea.Cont Shelf Res,2006,26:2141—2156
39Liu J P,Xu K H,Li A C,et al.Flux and fate of Yangtze River sediment delivered to the East China Sea.Geomorphology,2007,85:208—224
40张晓岚.宜兰陆架与周围沉积物分布及特征之初步研究.硕士学位论文.台北:台湾大学海洋研究所,2003
41Chung Y,Huang G W.Particulate fluxes and transports on the slope between the southern East China Sea and the South Okinawa Trough.Cont Shelf Res,2000,20:571—597
42Deuser W G,Ross E H,Anderson R F.Seasonality in the supply of sediment to the deep Sargasso Sea and implications for the rapid transfer of matter to the deep ocean.Deep Sea Res Part A,Oceanogr Res Pap,1981,28[5]:495—505
43Deuser W G,Ross E H,Hemleben C,et al.Seasonal changes in species composition,numbers,mass,size,and isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera settling into the deep Sargasso sea.Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol,1981,33[1]:103—127
44Ramaswamy V,Nair R R,Manganini S,et al.Lithogenic fluxes to the deep Arabian sea measured by sediment traps.Deep Sea Res Part A,Oceanogr Res Pap,1991,38[2]:169—184
45Wheatcroft R A.Oceanic flood sedimentation:A new perspective.Cont Shelf Res,2000,20[16]:2059—2066
46Andre M,Pierre B,Jacques S.Particle fluxes and ecosystem response on a continental margin:The1985—1988Mediterranean ECOMARGE experiment.Cont Shelf Res,1990,10[9-11]:809—839
47Biscaye P E,Anderson R F.Fluxes of particulate matter on the slope of the southern Middle Atlantic Bight:SEEP-II.Deep Sea Res Part II:Top Stud Oceanogr,1994,41[2-3]:459—509
48Walsh J P,Nittrouer C A.Observations of sediment flux to the Eel continental slope,northern California.Mar Geol,1999,154[1-4]:55—68
49Hung J J,Lin C S,Hung G W,et al.Lateral transport of lithogenic particles from the continental margin of the southern East China Sea.Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,1999,49:483—499
50Kao S J,Liu K K.Estimating the suspended sediment load by using the historical hydrometric record from the Lanyang-Hsi water-shed.Terrest Atmos Ocean Sci,2001,12:401—414
51Milliman J D,Kao S J.Hyperpycnal discharge of fluvial sediment to the ocean:Impact of Super-typhoon Herb[1996]on Taiwanese Rivers.J Geol,2005,113:503—516
52Milliman J D,Syvitski J P.Geomorphic tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean—the importance of small mountainous rivers.J Geol,1992,100:525—544
53Liew P M,Lee C Y,Kuo C M.Holocene thermal optimal and climate variability of East Asian monsoon inferred from forest recon-struction of a subalpine pollen sequence,Taiwan.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2006,250:596—605
54周凤琴.从红花套遗址的发掘探讨该区新构造运动特征及古地理环境.见:林春,主编.葛洲坝工程文物考古成果汇编.武汉:武汉大学出版社,1990
55何华春,王颖,李书桓.长江南京段历史洪水位追溯.地理学报,2004,59[6]:938—947
56朱诚,于世永,张兵.南京宝华山地区全新世沉积环境研究.地理科学,1997,17[3]:253—258
57Huh C A,Su C C,Liang W T,et al.Linkages between turbidities in the southern Okinawa Trough and submarine earthquakes.Geo-phys Res Lett,2004,31:L12304
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