超临界流体的地质意义
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摘要
超临界流体具有一系列特殊性质,如,临界发散性、“临界乳光”、强氧化性、可变的介电常数、较强的溶解性等。地球深部超临界流体的存在不仅影响岩石的性质,而且对地质构造演化有重要的意义;超临界流体为油气的形成提供物质和能量,同时又是热液成矿过程中元素迁移、聚集和矿石矿物赋存空间形成的重要因素;地质构造演化与超临界流体密不可分;超临界流体对地震孕育及岩浆的产生和喷发有重要影响;超临界流体技术(超临界萃取、超临界水氧化等)不但能最大限度地回收有价值的矿物,而且能有效处理“三废”。
The “critical divergence”, “critical opalescence”, intensive oxidation, alterable dielectric constant, extraordinary solvating power and structure character of supercritical fluids are reviewed,and geological applications of supercritical fluids are discussed. The macrocosmic properties of supercritical fluids are tightly concerned with microscopic structure. Supercritical fluids are an important factor in many geological processes. Supercritical fluids play an important role in the processes of fluid-rock reaction and tectonics evolution, participate reaction and provide energy for it in the formation of oil and gas, are profit to migration and enrichment of elements in hydrothermal formation of ore deposits, and greatly affect on generations of seism and magma. Supercritical techniques (supercritical extraction and supercritical water oxidation) can improve recovery ratio of ore and dispose efficiently different kinds of wastes. It was proposed that further work would be done in the fields of supercritical reaction, investigation of deep-earth processes and development of supercritical techniques in environmental geology.
The “critical divergence”, “critical opalescence”, intensive oxidation, alterable dielectric constant, extraordinary solvating power and structure character of supercritical fluids are reviewed,and geological applications of supercritical fluids are discussed. The macrocosmic properties of supercritical fluids are tightly concerned with microscopic structure. Supercritical fluids are an important factor in many geological processes. Supercritical fluids play an important role in the processes of fluid-rock reaction and tectonics evolution, participate reaction and provide energy for it in the formation of oil and gas, are profit to migration and enrichment of elements in hydrothermal formation of ore deposits, and greatly affect on generations of seism and magma. Supercritical techniques (supercritical extraction and supercritical water oxidation) can improve recovery ratio of ore and dispose efficiently different kinds of wastes. It was proposed that further work would be done in the fields of supercritical reaction, investigation of deep-earth processes and development of supercritical techniques in environmental geology.
引文
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[2]谢洪森.地球深部物质科学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[3]MatynPoliakoff,PeterKing,Phenomenalfluids[J].Nature,2001,412:125.
[4]MauroBoero,KiyoyukiTerakura,TamioIkeshoji,et al.HydrogenBondinganddipolarmomentofwaterat supercriticalconditions:Afirst-principlesmolecular dynamicsstudy[J].Physicalreviewletters,2000,85(15):3245-3248.
[5]葛良胜,郭晓东,邹依林.试论地球内部流体与地质作用——现代地质科学思考[J].地球科学进展,1998,(2):129-140.
[6]苏根利,谢鸿森,丁东业,等.超临界水的物理化学性质及意义[J].地质地球化学,1998,26(2):83-89.
[7]朱自强.超临界流体技术原理和应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001.
[8]戴航,黄卫红,钱晓良,等.超临界水氧化法水处理技术进展[J].化工环保,2001,21(20):79-82.
[9]陈维木丑.超临界流体的萃取原理和应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998.
[10]ZhangXiaogang,GaoLiang,LiuZhimin,etal.Effect ofsizeandpolarityofsolutesonpartialmolarvolumes andintermolecularinteractioninsupercriticalfluids[J].JournalofSupercriticalFluids,2002,23:233-241.
[11]JonsonJW,NortonD.Criticalphenomenain hydrothermalsystem:state,thermodynamic,electrostaticandtransportpropertiesofH2Ointhe criticalregion[J].AmJSci,1991,291:541-648.
[12]AlfonsBalker.SupercriticalFluidsinHeterogeneous Catalysis[J].Chem.Rev.1999,99:453-473.
[13]谭凯旋,戴塔根.非线性地球化学动力学[J].地球科学进展,1998,13(2):145-150.
[14]PhilipG,Jessop,TakaoLkariya,RyojiNoyori.Homogeneouscatalysisinsuper-criticalfluids[J].Chem.Rev.,1999,99:475-493.
[15]RandolphTW,BreinJA,GanapathyS.Doescritical clusteringaffectreactionrateconstants?Molecular dynamicsstudyinpuresupercriticalfluids[J].J.Phys.Chem.,1994,98:4173-4179.
[16]KalinichevAG,BassJD.Hydrogenbondingin supercriticalwater[J].J.Phys.Chem.A,1997,101:9720-9727.
[17]赵志丹,高山,驼庭川,等.秦岭和华北地区地壳低速层的成因探讨——岩石高温高压实验证据[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(5):637-652.
[18]毕思文.地球内部流体系统科学统一理论[J].地学前缘,1996,3,(3-4):4-8.
[19]ItoK.EffectsofH2Oonelasticsinultrabasicrocksat900oCunder1Gpa[J].PhysicsEarthPlanetInter,1990,61:260-268.
[20]KaratoS.Theroleofhydrogenintheelectrical conductivityoftheuppermantle[J].Nature,1990,347:272-273.
[21]LiXY,MaoHK.Solidcarbonathighpressure:Electricalresitivityandphasetransition[J].Phys.Chem.Minerals,1994,12:1-5.
[22]GloverPW,VineFJ.Electricalconductivityofcarbon-bearinggranuliteatraisedtemperaturesand pressure[J].Nature,1992,360:723-726.
[23]田宜灵,冯季军,秦颖,等.超临界水的性质及其在化学反应的应用[J].化学通报,2002,6:396-402.
[24]MianZU,TozerDC.Nowater,noplatetectonics:Convectiveheattransferandtheplanetarysurfaceof VenusandEarth[J].TerraNova,1990,2:455-459.
[25]杜乐天.上地幔软流层(体)的成因[J].地球物理学会年刊,1999,321.
[26]李曙光,侯振辉.大陆俯冲过程中的流体[J].地学前缘,2001,8(3):123-129.
[27]FrankP,Lucien,NeilR.etal.Solubilitiesofsolid mixturesinsupercriticalcarbondioxide:areview[J].JournalofSupercriticalFluids,2000,17:111-134.
[28]BallhausC,FrostBR.TheGenerationofoxidized CO2-bearingmeltsfromreducedCH4-bearingupper mantlesources[J].Geochim.Acta,1995,59:683-689.
[29]BrenanJM.Partitioningoffluorineandchlorine betweenapatiteandaqueousfluidsathighpressure andtemperature:implicationsforhighpressureand temperaturefluids[J].EarthPlanetSciLett.1993,117:251-263.
[30]高波,陶明信,王万春.深部热流体对油气成藏的影响[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2001,2091):30-34.
[31]谢洪森,侯渭,张月明,等.中国东南海陆岩石圈结构与演化研究[M],北京:中国科学技术出版社,1992.
[32]杜建国,康春丽.地震地下流体发展概述[J].地震,2000,20(增刊):107-113.
[33]YongTE,GreenHW.Infraredspectroscopic investigationofhydroxylin(MgFe)2SiO4and coexistingolivineanddynamics[J].Phys.Chem.Minerals,1993,19:409-422.
[34]刘巍,杜建国,白利平.浅谈超临界流体在地震孕育中的作用[J].地震地质.2000,22(4):439-444.
[35]GaetaniGA,GroveTL.Theinfluenceofwateron meltingofmantleperidotite[J].ContribMineral Petrol.,1998,131:323-346.
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