黄骅坳陷埕北断坡不整合特征与油气成藏
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摘要
黄骅坳陷埕北断坡处于歧口凹陷向埕宁隆起过渡的斜坡带上,发育多期不整合,这些不整合对该区的油气成藏具有重要作用。利用地震资料分析结果,将不整合划分为5种类型:褶皱不整合、断褶不整合、削截不整合、超覆不整合和平行不整合。其中平行不整合分布在凹陷区,褶皱不整合分布在基底,断褶不整合分布在大断裂下降盘,削截不整合分布在大断裂上升盘,而超覆不整合多分布在隆起斜坡区。利用测井资料分析结果,在纵向上将不整合划分为3层结构:不整合面之上岩石、不整合面之下的风化黏土层及半风化岩石。由于每层结构的岩性与厚度不同,可形成4种岩性配置模式。不整合构成了埕北断坡油气侧向运移的重要通道,同时在不整合面之上可形成超覆不整合油气藏,在不整合面之下依靠风化黏土层遮挡可形成削截不整合与褶皱不整合油气藏。勘探结果证实,研究区众多油气显示或油气藏均位于不整合面上、下50,m范围内。开展不整合与油气成藏关系研究,将有助于拓宽黄骅坳陷隐蔽油气藏的勘探空间,对中国东部油气资源挖潜具有重要的理论意义与实践意义。
The Chengbei fault slope of the Huanghua Depression lies in the slope belt between the Qikou Sag and the Chengning Uplift,and it is characterized by the development of many unconformities. These unconformities are very important for hydrocarbon accumulation in this area. By analyses of seismic data,the unconformity can be divided into 5 types: folding unconformity present in the basement,faulting-folding unconformity present in the downthrown block of the large rift,truncating unconformity present in the upthrown block,onlaping unconformity present in the slope area of the uplift and parallel unconformity present in the sagging area. According to the log data analysis,the unconformities are divided into three parts vertically:rocks deposited above the unconformity interfaces,weathered clay layer and semi-weathered rocks below the unconformity interfaces. Because of the differences in thickness and lithology,the vertical profiles of unconformities include four patterns of lithology configuration. The unconformities in the Chengbei fault slope are not only the important pathways for lateral oil and gas migration,but also the favorable places for petroleum accumulation. Onlaping unconformity petroleum accumulations can be formed above the unconformity interfaces,and truncating and folding unconformity petroleum accumulations can be formed below the unconformity interfaces due to the presence of the weathered clay layer. The exploration has proved that there exist numerous oil/gas shows and petroleum accumulations in the 50 m ranges both above and below the unconformity interfaces. The studies of relationships between unconformity and petroleum accumulation will broaden the exploration area of subtle reservoirs in the Huanghua Depression and have important academic and practical significance for the further exploration in the basins in eastern China.
The Chengbei fault slope of the Huanghua Depression lies in the slope belt between the Qikou Sag and the Chengning Uplift,and it is characterized by the development of many unconformities. These unconformities are very important for hydrocarbon accumulation in this area. By analyses of seismic data,the unconformity can be divided into 5 types: folding unconformity present in the basement,faulting-folding unconformity present in the downthrown block of the large rift,truncating unconformity present in the upthrown block,onlaping unconformity present in the slope area of the uplift and parallel unconformity present in the sagging area. According to the log data analysis,the unconformities are divided into three parts vertically:rocks deposited above the unconformity interfaces,weathered clay layer and semi-weathered rocks below the unconformity interfaces. Because of the differences in thickness and lithology,the vertical profiles of unconformities include four patterns of lithology configuration. The unconformities in the Chengbei fault slope are not only the important pathways for lateral oil and gas migration,but also the favorable places for petroleum accumulation. Onlaping unconformity petroleum accumulations can be formed above the unconformity interfaces,and truncating and folding unconformity petroleum accumulations can be formed below the unconformity interfaces due to the presence of the weathered clay layer. The exploration has proved that there exist numerous oil/gas shows and petroleum accumulations in the 50 m ranges both above and below the unconformity interfaces. The studies of relationships between unconformity and petroleum accumulation will broaden the exploration area of subtle reservoirs in the Huanghua Depression and have important academic and practical significance for the further exploration in the basins in eastern China.
引文
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陈发景,张光亚,陈昭年.2004.不整合分析及其在陆相盆地构造研究中的意义[J].现代地质,18(3):269-275.
陈中红,查明,朱筱敏.2003.准噶尔盆地陆梁隆起不整合面与油气运聚关系[J].古地理学报,5(1):120-126.
程日辉,林畅松,刘景彦.1998.盆地研究中不整合成因分析[J].世界地质,17(3):23-27.
付广,许泽剑,韩冬玲,等.2001.不整合面在油气藏形成中的作用[J].大庆石油学院学报,25(1):1-4.
何登发.1995.塔里木盆地的地层不整合面与油气聚集[J].石油学报,16(3):14-21.
何登发.2007.不整合面的结构与油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,34(2):142-149.
何登发,周路,唐勇,等.2007.准噶尔盆地中侏罗统西山窑组与头屯河组间不整合面特征及其油气勘探意义[J].古地理学报,9(4):387-395.
金振奎,张响响,邹元荣,等.2003.黄骅坳陷千米桥地区奥陶系碳酸盐胶结物的形成序次[J].古地理学报,5(4):426-437.
李朝阳,刘玉平,管太阳,等.2004.不整合面中的成矿机制与找矿研究[J].地学前缘,11(2):353-360.
李廷辉,梁惠兰,胡永军,等.2004.渤海湾埕北断阶区油气二次运移模式及其对勘探的作用[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),28(2):191-197.
刘波,王英华,钱祥麟.1997.华北奥陶系两个不整合面的成因与相关区域性储集层预测[J].沉积学报,15(1):25-30.
罗晓容,张立宽,廖前进,等.2007.埕北断阶带沙河街组油气运移动力学过程模拟分析[J].石油与天然气地质,28(2):191-197.
吕修祥.1997.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起志留系油气成藏机理初探[J].石油实验地质,19(4):328-331.
马寅生,曾庆利,张兴.2002.黄骅坳陷新生代构造应力场演化的光弹模拟与石油地质条件分析[J].地质力学学报,8(3):219-228.
隋风贵,赵乐强.2006.济阳坳陷不整合结构类型及控藏作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,30(2):161-167.
王桂芝,袁淑琴,肖莉.2006.埕北断阶区油源条件及油气运聚分析[J].石油天然气学报,28(3):200-205.
王艳忠,操应长,王淑萍,等.2006.不整合空间结构与油气成藏综述[J].大地构造与成矿学,30(3):326-330.
吴孔友,查明,柳广弟.2002.准噶尔盆地二叠系不整合面及其油气运聚特征[J].石油勘探与开发,29(2):53-57.
吴孔友,查明,洪梅.2003.准噶尔盆地不整合结构模式及半风化岩
石的再成岩作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,27(3):270-276.
吴永平,付立新,杨池银,等.2002.黄骅坳陷中生代构造演化对潜山油气成藏的影响[J].石油学报,23(2):16-21.
吴智平,史卜庆,周瑶琪,等.1998.济阳坳陷新老第三纪地层间断面研究[J].石油与天然气地质,19(4):313-317.
肖乾华,李美俊,彭苏萍,等.2003.辽河东部凹陷北部不整合类型及油气成藏规律[J].石油勘探与开发,30(2):43-45.
于长华,苏俊青,袁淑琴,等.2006.大港油田埕北断坡区油气富集主控因素分析[J].沉积与特提斯地质,26(4):86-90.
张守安,吴亚军,佘晓宇,等.1999.塔里木盆地不整合油气藏的成藏条件及分布规律[J].新疆石油地质,20(1):15-17.
Ai Huaguo,Lan Linying,Zhang Keyin.1996.The characteristics of theunconformity on the top of Precarboniferous and its constraints onoil/gas behavior in Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experi-ment,18(1):1-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cao Jian,Hu Wenxuan,Zhang Yijie,et al.2006.The main factor con-trolling petroleum migration along unconformity in the Junggar Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,24(3):399-406(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Chen Fajing,Zhang Guangya,Chen Zhaonian.2004.Unconformity analy-sis and its significance in the study of continental basin tectonics[J].Geoscience,18(3):269-275(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Chen Zhonghong,Zha Ming,Zhu Xiaomin.2003.Relation between un-conformity surface and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation ofLuliang uplift in Junggar Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,5(1):120-126(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cheng Rihui,Lin Changsong,Liu Jingyan.1998.The analysis of uncon-formity origin in the sedimentary basin[J].Global Geology,17(3):23-27(in Chinese with English abstract).
Fu Guang,Xu Zejian,Han Dongling,et al.2001.Rule of surface of un-conformity in formation of oil or gas reservoirs[J].Journal of DaqingPetroleum Institute,25(1):1-4(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
He Dengfa.1995.Unconformities and oil and gas accumulation in TarimBasin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,16(3):14-21(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
He Dengfa.2007.Structure of unconformity and its control on hydrocar-bon accumulation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,34(2):142-149(in Chinese with English abstract).
He Dengfa,Zhou Lu,Tang Yong,et al.2007.Characteristics of uncon-formity between the Xishanyao Formation and Toutunhe Formation ofMiddle Jurassic in Junggar Basin and its significance in petroleumexploration[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,9(4):387-395(inChinese with English abstract).
Jin Zhenkui,Zhang Xiangxiang,ZouYuanrong,et al.2003.Precipitationsequence of carbonate cement of the Ordovician in Qianmiqiao area,Huanghua Depression[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,5(4):426-437(in Chinese with English abstract).
Levorsen A I.1934.Geology of Petroleum[M].SanFrancisco:FreemanCompany,618-624.
Li Chaoyang,Liu Yuping,Guan Taiyang,et al.2004.Mineralizationmechanism and prospection on unconformable contacts[J].EarthScience Frontiers,11(2):353-360(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Li Tinghui,Liang Huilan,Hu Yongjun,et al.2004.Hydrocarbon second-ary migration modes in Chengbei ladder fault zone in Bohai Gulf andtheir effects on exploration[J].Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),28(2):191-197(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Liu Bo,Wang Yinghua,Qian Xianglin.1997.The two Ordovician uncon-formities in NE China:Their origin sand related regional reservoirsprediction[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,15(1):25-30(inChinese with English abstract).
Luo Xiaorong,Zhang Likuan,Liao Qianjin,et al.2007.Simulation of hy-drocarbon migration dynamics in Shahejie Formation of Chengbeifault step zone[J].Oil&Gas Geology,28(2):191-197(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
LXiuxiang.1997.Preliminary investigation on the formation mechanism of Silurian reservoir in Tazhong low-uplift of Tarim Basin[J]Petroleum Geology&Experiment,19(4):328-331(in Chineswith English abstract).
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