从基本层序地层模式论地层穿时的本质——以滇黔桂盆地泥盆纪层序地层格架为例
|
摘要
Shaw于1964年提出的穿时普遍性原理是现代地层学的重要支柱之一。20世纪70年代末由地震地层学发展而来的层序地层学是在年代和海平面变化框架内研究沉积相迁移的有效手段,它改变了划分沉积岩的原则而成为沉积地质学和地层学的一次重要革命。基本层序地层模式中相对海平面变化产生的地层超覆和退覆明显地体现了地层穿时普遍性原理,同时也暗示了地层穿时的本质。地层记录中的两种相变面——动态相变面和静态相变面形成于侧向加积和纵向加积两种沉积作用,它们所代表的两种穿时性——间断面穿时和相变面穿时,构成了地层穿时的两种基本形式。滇黔桂地区的泥盆系总体上构成一个自南向北厚度逐渐减小的楔状体,这是泥盆纪早期海侵尖灭与晚期海退尖灭的结果,研究区层序地层格架清楚地体现了地层记录的不完整性和穿时普遍性,同时也表明地层记录中的两种相变面及其所代表的两种穿时性是正确建立层序地层格架的关键要素。
The principle of ubiquity of diachronism proposed by Shaw in 1964 is now one of the mainstays of modern stratigraphy.Since the end of 1970s,sequence stratigraphy which was based on seismic stratigraphy has been an effective methodology for studying facies transplant within the framework of chronostratigraphy and sea-level changes.It changed the principle of subdivision of sedimentary rocks and initiated one crucial revolution of sedimentary geology and stratigraphy.In the basic sequence stratigraphic model,stratigraphic overlap and offlap induced by relative sea-level fluctuations clearly suggest the principle of ubiquity of diachronism,and imply the essence of diachroneity.The two kinds of facies-change surfaces(dynamic and static facies-change surfaces) produced by two kinds of sedimentation(lateral and vertical aggradation) in stratigarphic record represent two types of diachroneity: the diachronism of facies-change and diachronism of punctuated surface.As a result,they together represent two basic forms of diachronism in stratigraphic record.The Devonian in the Dianqiangui Basin takes the shape of a large wedge,thinning laterally from south to north,which was resulted from the earlier transgressive pinch-out event and later regressive pinch-out event during the Devonian.The sequence stratigraphic framework of the studied area indicates imperfection and ubiquity of diachronism of stratigraphic records,and that recognition and study of the two kinds of facies-change surfaces and two types of diachronism are keys to the construction of sequence stratigraphic framework as well.
The principle of ubiquity of diachronism proposed by Shaw in 1964 is now one of the mainstays of modern stratigraphy.Since the end of 1970s,sequence stratigraphy which was based on seismic stratigraphy has been an effective methodology for studying facies transplant within the framework of chronostratigraphy and sea-level changes.It changed the principle of subdivision of sedimentary rocks and initiated one crucial revolution of sedimentary geology and stratigraphy.In the basic sequence stratigraphic model,stratigraphic overlap and offlap induced by relative sea-level fluctuations clearly suggest the principle of ubiquity of diachronism,and imply the essence of diachroneity.The two kinds of facies-change surfaces(dynamic and static facies-change surfaces) produced by two kinds of sedimentation(lateral and vertical aggradation) in stratigarphic record represent two types of diachroneity: the diachronism of facies-change and diachronism of punctuated surface.As a result,they together represent two basic forms of diachronism in stratigraphic record.The Devonian in the Dianqiangui Basin takes the shape of a large wedge,thinning laterally from south to north,which was resulted from the earlier transgressive pinch-out event and later regressive pinch-out event during the Devonian.The sequence stratigraphic framework of the studied area indicates imperfection and ubiquity of diachronism of stratigraphic records,and that recognition and study of the two kinds of facies-change surfaces and two types of diachronism are keys to the construction of sequence stratigraphic framework as well.
引文
张守信.理论地层学与应用地层学——现代地层学概念[M] .北京:高等教育出版社, 2006: 1-340.
王鸿祯.地层学的几个基本问题及中国地层学可能的发展趋势[J] .地层学杂志, 2006, 30 (2): 97-102.
赖维成,姜培海,徐长贵,等.试论传统地层学与层序地层学间的统一性和继承性[J] .地层学杂志, 2004, 28(4): 331-335.
梅冥相,马永生.从旋回层序的特征论地层记录的两种相变面及两种穿时性[J] .地层学杂志, 2001, 25 (2): 150-153.
梅冥相,高金汉.岩石地层的相分析方法与原理[M] .北京:地质出版社, 2005: 1-285.
梅冥相.淹没不整合型碳酸盐三级旋回层序——兼论碳酸盐台地的凝缩作用[J] .岩相古地理, 1996, 16 (6)24-33.
龚一鸣,张克信.地层学基础与前沿[M] .武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 2007: 1-310.
王训练,苏文博,王鸿祯.“自然界线”在地层学中的地位与作用[J] .现代地质, 1999, 13 (2): 253-254.
姚华舟.对穿时普遍性的解释[J] .地球科学进展, 1993,8 (5): 81-87.
章雨旭.试论华北板块寒武纪地层的穿时性[J] .沉积与特提斯地质, 2001, 21 (1): 78-87.
徐家聪,夏军,王华明,等.岩石地层单位穿时的普遍性[J] .地层学杂志, 1991, 15 (3): 230-233, 225.
赵恒生.浅论穿时[J] .中国区域地质, 1991, 3: 272-273F003.
王立峰.太行山地区寒武系崮山组的穿时性及沉积层序特征[J] .中国区域地质, 1999, 18 (2): 185-188.
梅冥相.从地层记录的特征论岩石地层学的困惑[J] .地层学杂志, 1996, 20 (3): 207-212.
陈源仁.生态地层学原理[M] .北京:地质出版社, 1992:1-162.
侯鸿飞,曹宜铎,王士涛,等.中国地层典(泥盆系) [M].北京:地质出版社, 2000: 1-118.
贵州省地质矿产局.贵州省岩石地层[M] .武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1997: 1-306.
曾允孚,张锦泉,刘文均,等.中国南方泥盆纪岩相古地理与成矿作用[M] .北京:地质出版社, 1994: 1-120.
吴诒,龚一鸣,杜远生.华南泥盆纪层序地层及海平面变化[M] .武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1997: 1-98.
梅冥相,马永生,高金汉,等.滇黔桂盆地及其邻区晚古生代层序地层格架及相对海平面变化[J] .现代地质,2002, 16 (4): 365-373.
梅冥相,高金汉,李东海,等.黔桂地区泥盆系层序地层格架及其相对海平面变化[J] .沉积学报, 2003, 21(2): 297-306.
ZHANG Shouxin. Theoretical stratigraphy and appliedstratigraphy-modern concepts of stratigraphy [ M ].Higher Education Press, Beijing, 2006: 1-340.
WANG Hongzhen. Some fundamental problems ofstratigraphy and the possible tendency of developmentof stratigraphy in China [J] . Journal of Stratigraphy,2006, 30 (2): 97-102.
Vail P R, Audemard F, Bowman S A, et al. Thestratigraphic signatures of tectonics, eustasy, andsedimentology-an overview[A]. Einsele G, Ricken W,Seilacher A. Cycles and events in Stratigraphy [C] .Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991: 617-659.
Miall A D. Whither stratigraphy[J]. Sedimentary Geology,1995, 100: 5-20.
Miall A D The geology of stratigraphic sequencesMSpringer, Berlin, 1997: 1-427.
Vail P R, Mitchuxn R M, ThompsonⅢS. Seismicstratigraphy and global changes of sea level, Part 3:Relative changes of sea level from coastal onlap [A] .Payton C E. Seismic stratigraphy-applications tohydrocarbon exploration [C] . American Association ofPetroleum Geologists Memoir 26, 1977: 63-97.
LAI Weicheng, JIANG Peihai, XU Changgui, et al.Discussion on the unification and inheritance betweentraditional stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy [J] .Journal of Stratigraphy, 2004, 28 (4): 331-335.
MEI Mingxiang, MA Yongsheng. On two kinds of facies-change surface and two kinds of diachronism instratigraphical records according to the natures ofcyclic-sequences[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2001, 25(2): 150-153.
MEI Mingxiang GAO Jinhan Faciesanalysis method andprinciple of lithostratigraphy[M]. Geological PulishingHouse, Beijing, 2005: 1-285.
Sloss L L. Sequences in the cratonic interior of NorthAmerica[J]. Bulletin of Geological Society of America,1963, 74: 93-114.
Catuneanu O, Martins-Neto M A, Eriksson P G.Precam- brian sequence stratigraphy [J] .Sedimentary Geology,2005, 176: 67-95.
Van Wagoner J C, Posamentier HW, Mitchum R M, et al.An overview of sequence stratigraphy and keydefinitions [A] . Wilgus C K, Hastings B S, Kendall CG, et al. Sea level changes: an integrated approach[ C ] . Society of Economic Paleontologists andMineralogists Special Publication 42. 1988: 39-45.
Van Wagoner J C Mitchum R M Campion K M et alSiliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs, coreand outcrops: concepts for high resolution correlatioof time and facies [P] . American Association oPetroleum Geologists Methods in Exploration Series 71990: 1-55.
Goldhammer R K, Dunn P A, Hardie L A. Depositionacycles, composite sea-level changes, cycle stackingpatterns, and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing:examples from Alpine Triassic platform carbonate[J] . Bulletin of Geological Society of American,1990, 102: 535-562.
MEI Mingxiang. Sequence of drowned unconformity typewith discussion on“condensation”of carbonateplatform [J] . Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeogra- phy, 1996, 16 (6): 24-33.
GONG Yiming, ZHANG Kexin. Basics and frontiers instratigraphy [M] . China University of GeosciencePress, Wuhan, 2007: 1-310.
Ager D V. The nature of the stratigraphic record (3rd ed)[M] . London: John Wiley &Sons, 1992: 1-151.
WANG Xunlian, SU Wenbo, WaANG Hongzhen. Thestutas and function of“natural boundary”instratigraphy [J] . Geoscience, 1999, 13 (2): 253-254.
YAO Huazhou. On the nature of stratigraphic diachroneity[J] . Advances in Eart Sciences, 1993, 8 (5): 81-87.
ZHANG Yuxu. Diachronism of the Cambrian strata on theNorth China platform [J] . Sedimentary Geology andTethyan Geology. 2001, 21 (1): 78-87.
XU Jiacong, XIA Jun, WANG Huaming, et al. Ubiquity ofdiachroneity of lithostratigraphic unit [J] . Journal ofStratigraphy, 1991, 15 (3): 230-233, 225.
ZHAO Hengsheng. On diachronism [J] . Regional Geologyof China, 1991, 3: 272-273, F003.
WANG Lifeng. Depositonal sequences and diachroneity forthe Cambrian Gushan Formation in the TaihangMountains [J] . Regional Geology of China, 1999, 18(2): 185-188.
MEI Mingxiang. Discussion on the perplexity inlithostratigraphy in terms of the particularity ofstratigraphical records [J] . Journal of Stratigraphy,1996, 20 (3): 207-212.
CHANG H T. Geological contemporaneity as viewed fromthe theory of relativity [J] . Bulletin of the GeologicalSociety of China, 1926, 5: 37-45.
CHEN Yuanren. Principle of ecostratigraphy [ M ].Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 1992: 1-162.
HOU Hongfei, CAO Yiduo, WANG Shitao, et al. Chinesestratigraphic lexicon ( Devonian system ) [M] .Geological Pulishing House, Beijing, 2000: 1-118.
Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of GuizhouProvince. Stratigraphy ( lithostratic ) of Guizhouprovince [M] .China University of Geosciences Press,Wuhan, 1997: 1-306.
ZENG Yunfu, ZHANG Jinquan, LIU Wenjun, et al.Devonian lithofacies paleogeography and mineralizationin south China [M] .Geological Pulishing House,Beijing, 1994: 1-120.
WU Yi, GONG Yiming, DU Yuansheng. Devoniansequence stratigraphy and the relative sea-level changesin south China [M] .China University of GeosciencesPress, Wuhan, 1997: 1-98.
MEI Mingxiang, MA Yongsheng, GAO Jinshan, et al.Sequence stratigraphic framework and relative sea-levelchanges of late Paleozoic in the Dianqiangui Basin andits adjacent areas [J] . Geoscience, 2002, 16 (4): 365-373.
MEI Mingxiang, GAO Jinhan, LI Donghai, et al. Study onsequence stratigraphic framework and relative sea-levelchanges for the Devonian of the Qian-Gui area [J] .Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21 (2): 198-206.
王鸿祯.地层学的几个基本问题及中国地层学可能的发展趋势[J] .地层学杂志, 2006, 30 (2): 97-102.
赖维成,姜培海,徐长贵,等.试论传统地层学与层序地层学间的统一性和继承性[J] .地层学杂志, 2004, 28(4): 331-335.
梅冥相,马永生.从旋回层序的特征论地层记录的两种相变面及两种穿时性[J] .地层学杂志, 2001, 25 (2): 150-153.
梅冥相,高金汉.岩石地层的相分析方法与原理[M] .北京:地质出版社, 2005: 1-285.
梅冥相.淹没不整合型碳酸盐三级旋回层序——兼论碳酸盐台地的凝缩作用[J] .岩相古地理, 1996, 16 (6)24-33.
龚一鸣,张克信.地层学基础与前沿[M] .武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 2007: 1-310.
王训练,苏文博,王鸿祯.“自然界线”在地层学中的地位与作用[J] .现代地质, 1999, 13 (2): 253-254.
姚华舟.对穿时普遍性的解释[J] .地球科学进展, 1993,8 (5): 81-87.
章雨旭.试论华北板块寒武纪地层的穿时性[J] .沉积与特提斯地质, 2001, 21 (1): 78-87.
徐家聪,夏军,王华明,等.岩石地层单位穿时的普遍性[J] .地层学杂志, 1991, 15 (3): 230-233, 225.
赵恒生.浅论穿时[J] .中国区域地质, 1991, 3: 272-273F003.
王立峰.太行山地区寒武系崮山组的穿时性及沉积层序特征[J] .中国区域地质, 1999, 18 (2): 185-188.
梅冥相.从地层记录的特征论岩石地层学的困惑[J] .地层学杂志, 1996, 20 (3): 207-212.
陈源仁.生态地层学原理[M] .北京:地质出版社, 1992:1-162.
侯鸿飞,曹宜铎,王士涛,等.中国地层典(泥盆系) [M].北京:地质出版社, 2000: 1-118.
贵州省地质矿产局.贵州省岩石地层[M] .武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1997: 1-306.
曾允孚,张锦泉,刘文均,等.中国南方泥盆纪岩相古地理与成矿作用[M] .北京:地质出版社, 1994: 1-120.
吴诒,龚一鸣,杜远生.华南泥盆纪层序地层及海平面变化[M] .武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1997: 1-98.
梅冥相,马永生,高金汉,等.滇黔桂盆地及其邻区晚古生代层序地层格架及相对海平面变化[J] .现代地质,2002, 16 (4): 365-373.
梅冥相,高金汉,李东海,等.黔桂地区泥盆系层序地层格架及其相对海平面变化[J] .沉积学报, 2003, 21(2): 297-306.
ZHANG Shouxin. Theoretical stratigraphy and appliedstratigraphy-modern concepts of stratigraphy [ M ].Higher Education Press, Beijing, 2006: 1-340.
WANG Hongzhen. Some fundamental problems ofstratigraphy and the possible tendency of developmentof stratigraphy in China [J] . Journal of Stratigraphy,2006, 30 (2): 97-102.
Vail P R, Audemard F, Bowman S A, et al. Thestratigraphic signatures of tectonics, eustasy, andsedimentology-an overview[A]. Einsele G, Ricken W,Seilacher A. Cycles and events in Stratigraphy [C] .Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991: 617-659.
Miall A D. Whither stratigraphy[J]. Sedimentary Geology,1995, 100: 5-20.
Miall A D The geology of stratigraphic sequencesMSpringer, Berlin, 1997: 1-427.
Vail P R, Mitchuxn R M, ThompsonⅢS. Seismicstratigraphy and global changes of sea level, Part 3:Relative changes of sea level from coastal onlap [A] .Payton C E. Seismic stratigraphy-applications tohydrocarbon exploration [C] . American Association ofPetroleum Geologists Memoir 26, 1977: 63-97.
LAI Weicheng, JIANG Peihai, XU Changgui, et al.Discussion on the unification and inheritance betweentraditional stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy [J] .Journal of Stratigraphy, 2004, 28 (4): 331-335.
MEI Mingxiang, MA Yongsheng. On two kinds of facies-change surface and two kinds of diachronism instratigraphical records according to the natures ofcyclic-sequences[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2001, 25(2): 150-153.
MEI Mingxiang GAO Jinhan Faciesanalysis method andprinciple of lithostratigraphy[M]. Geological PulishingHouse, Beijing, 2005: 1-285.
Sloss L L. Sequences in the cratonic interior of NorthAmerica[J]. Bulletin of Geological Society of America,1963, 74: 93-114.
Catuneanu O, Martins-Neto M A, Eriksson P G.Precam- brian sequence stratigraphy [J] .Sedimentary Geology,2005, 176: 67-95.
Van Wagoner J C, Posamentier HW, Mitchum R M, et al.An overview of sequence stratigraphy and keydefinitions [A] . Wilgus C K, Hastings B S, Kendall CG, et al. Sea level changes: an integrated approach[ C ] . Society of Economic Paleontologists andMineralogists Special Publication 42. 1988: 39-45.
Van Wagoner J C Mitchum R M Campion K M et alSiliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs, coreand outcrops: concepts for high resolution correlatioof time and facies [P] . American Association oPetroleum Geologists Methods in Exploration Series 71990: 1-55.
Goldhammer R K, Dunn P A, Hardie L A. Depositionacycles, composite sea-level changes, cycle stackingpatterns, and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing:examples from Alpine Triassic platform carbonate[J] . Bulletin of Geological Society of American,1990, 102: 535-562.
MEI Mingxiang. Sequence of drowned unconformity typewith discussion on“condensation”of carbonateplatform [J] . Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeogra- phy, 1996, 16 (6): 24-33.
GONG Yiming, ZHANG Kexin. Basics and frontiers instratigraphy [M] . China University of GeosciencePress, Wuhan, 2007: 1-310.
Ager D V. The nature of the stratigraphic record (3rd ed)[M] . London: John Wiley &Sons, 1992: 1-151.
WANG Xunlian, SU Wenbo, WaANG Hongzhen. Thestutas and function of“natural boundary”instratigraphy [J] . Geoscience, 1999, 13 (2): 253-254.
YAO Huazhou. On the nature of stratigraphic diachroneity[J] . Advances in Eart Sciences, 1993, 8 (5): 81-87.
ZHANG Yuxu. Diachronism of the Cambrian strata on theNorth China platform [J] . Sedimentary Geology andTethyan Geology. 2001, 21 (1): 78-87.
XU Jiacong, XIA Jun, WANG Huaming, et al. Ubiquity ofdiachroneity of lithostratigraphic unit [J] . Journal ofStratigraphy, 1991, 15 (3): 230-233, 225.
ZHAO Hengsheng. On diachronism [J] . Regional Geologyof China, 1991, 3: 272-273, F003.
WANG Lifeng. Depositonal sequences and diachroneity forthe Cambrian Gushan Formation in the TaihangMountains [J] . Regional Geology of China, 1999, 18(2): 185-188.
MEI Mingxiang. Discussion on the perplexity inlithostratigraphy in terms of the particularity ofstratigraphical records [J] . Journal of Stratigraphy,1996, 20 (3): 207-212.
CHANG H T. Geological contemporaneity as viewed fromthe theory of relativity [J] . Bulletin of the GeologicalSociety of China, 1926, 5: 37-45.
CHEN Yuanren. Principle of ecostratigraphy [ M ].Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 1992: 1-162.
HOU Hongfei, CAO Yiduo, WANG Shitao, et al. Chinesestratigraphic lexicon ( Devonian system ) [M] .Geological Pulishing House, Beijing, 2000: 1-118.
Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of GuizhouProvince. Stratigraphy ( lithostratic ) of Guizhouprovince [M] .China University of Geosciences Press,Wuhan, 1997: 1-306.
ZENG Yunfu, ZHANG Jinquan, LIU Wenjun, et al.Devonian lithofacies paleogeography and mineralizationin south China [M] .Geological Pulishing House,Beijing, 1994: 1-120.
WU Yi, GONG Yiming, DU Yuansheng. Devoniansequence stratigraphy and the relative sea-level changesin south China [M] .China University of GeosciencesPress, Wuhan, 1997: 1-98.
MEI Mingxiang, MA Yongsheng, GAO Jinshan, et al.Sequence stratigraphic framework and relative sea-levelchanges of late Paleozoic in the Dianqiangui Basin andits adjacent areas [J] . Geoscience, 2002, 16 (4): 365-373.
MEI Mingxiang, GAO Jinhan, LI Donghai, et al. Study onsequence stratigraphic framework and relative sea-levelchanges for the Devonian of the Qian-Gui area [J] .Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21 (2): 198-206.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心