嘉靖三十四年(1556年)湖南岳阳地震核查
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摘要
查阅了岳州府及其邻近地区以及两湖接壤地区的大量相关史料,并对其进行了鉴别和查证。通过鉴别,推断隆庆岳州府志关于1556年岳阳地震的记载比较准确。岳州(今岳阳)所属地区记载的地震为有感,强度不大。在查阅历史资料时,对无地震记载的情况采用以下地震缺失原则进行判断:1)待查史志上必须有其它地震的记载;2)待查事件发生前后史志上有其它灾害的记载。根据该原则确定通山、通城、蒲圻、崇阳、公安、石首等地在嘉靖三十四年确实无地震记载。考证了陕西华县地震与湖南岳阳地震的关系,表明岳阳地震是一次独立地震,而不是1556年华县地震的影响。最后根据地方志的记载确定了岳阳地震的震中位置和震级。
In 1556, a strong earthquake with magnitude 8(1/4) occurred in Huaxian, Shaanxi Province. The earthquake destroyed many places in Shaanxi Province and its adjacent regions, and also affected above 100 counties in Gansu Province, Hebei Province, Shandong Province and etc. According to historical documents, an earthquake was also recorded in Yueyang district, about 700km away from the Huaxian earthquake epicenter on the same day. Was it an isolated event or influenced by the Huaxian earthquake? It is a controversial problem.A lot of historical earthquake records of Yueyang district and its adjacent regions have been collected and studied, including the border area between Hunan Province and Hubei Province. The records for the 1556 AD Yueyang earthquake in “Annals of Yuezhou” in Longqing time of Ming Dynasty were judged to be more accurate than other historical documents. Earthquake recorded in 1556 AD in Yueyang district was a felt event with less strength. In analyzing historical materials, two principles for cases of earthquake records lacking have to be adopted: 1)Local annals to be used shall have other earthquake records. That means the annals writers paid attention to earthquake events; 2)Other types of disasters were recorded in the period of time when the earthquake occurred. That means there were no other kinds of historical disaster events influencing the records of earthquake.There were no earthquake records in counties like Tongshan, Tongchen, Puxi, Chongyang, Gongan, Shishou in the 34th year of Jiajing reign (1556 AD). It can be concluded that the earthquake records in Yueyang district in 1556 were not the effect of the Huaxian earthquake in Shaanxi Province in the same year. It was an isolated event. At last, according to records of local annals, the earthquake epicenter and magnitude are determined.
In 1556, a strong earthquake with magnitude 8(1/4) occurred in Huaxian, Shaanxi Province. The earthquake destroyed many places in Shaanxi Province and its adjacent regions, and also affected above 100 counties in Gansu Province, Hebei Province, Shandong Province and etc. According to historical documents, an earthquake was also recorded in Yueyang district, about 700km away from the Huaxian earthquake epicenter on the same day. Was it an isolated event or influenced by the Huaxian earthquake? It is a controversial problem.A lot of historical earthquake records of Yueyang district and its adjacent regions have been collected and studied, including the border area between Hunan Province and Hubei Province. The records for the 1556 AD Yueyang earthquake in “Annals of Yuezhou” in Longqing time of Ming Dynasty were judged to be more accurate than other historical documents. Earthquake recorded in 1556 AD in Yueyang district was a felt event with less strength. In analyzing historical materials, two principles for cases of earthquake records lacking have to be adopted: 1)Local annals to be used shall have other earthquake records. That means the annals writers paid attention to earthquake events; 2)Other types of disasters were recorded in the period of time when the earthquake occurred. That means there were no other kinds of historical disaster events influencing the records of earthquake.There were no earthquake records in counties like Tongshan, Tongchen, Puxi, Chongyang, Gongan, Shishou in the 34th year of Jiajing reign (1556 AD). It can be concluded that the earthquake records in Yueyang district in 1556 were not the effect of the Huaxian earthquake in Shaanxi Province in the same year. It was an isolated event. At last, according to records of local annals, the earthquake epicenter and magnitude are determined.
引文
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中国科学院地震工作小组.1956.中国地震资料年表(下册)[Z].北京:科学出版社.Earthquake Working Group of Academy of Sciences of China.1956.Annual Historical Documentary Data of Earth-quake in China[Z].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
中央地震工作小组.1971.中国地震目录[Z].北京:科学出版社.Earthquake Working Group of China.1971.Earthquake Catalog in China[Z].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
国家地震局.1977.中国地震简目[Z].北京:地震出版社.State Seismological Bureau.1977.Earthquake Catalog in China[Z].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
国家地震局地球物理研究所,复旦大学中国历史地理研究所.1983.中国历史地震图集[Z].北京:地图出版社.Institute of Geophysics,SSB,Institute of Historical Geography of Fudan University.1983.Atlas of Historical Earth-quakes in China[Z].China Cartographic Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
国家地震局全国地震烈度区划编图组.1979.中国地震等烈度线图集[Z].北京:地震出版社.Working Group for Earthquake Intensity Zoning Map in China,SSB.1979.Atlas of Isoseismal in China[Z].Seismo-logical Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
国家地震局震害防御司.1990.地震工作手册[Z].北京:地震出版社.Department of Earthquake Hazard Prevention,SSB(ed).1990.Earthquake Research Workbook[Z].SeismologicalPress,Beijing(in Chinese).
国家地震局震害防御司.1995.中国历史强震目录[Z].北京:地震出版社.Department of Earthquake Hazard Prevention,SSB(ed).1995.Strong Earthquake Catalog in China[Z].Seismologi-cal Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
湖南省地震局.1982.湖南地震史[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社.Seismological Bureau in Hunan Province.1982.Earthquake History in Hunan Province[M].Hunan Science andTechnology Press,Changsha(in Chinese).
潘建雄,吴业彪,张玉岫,等.1993.关于1556年华县大地震及岳阳地震的讨论[J].地震地质,15(3):261—267.PAN Jian-xiong,WUYe-biao,ZHANG Yu-xiu,et al.1993.A Discussion on Earthquakes in Huaxian,Shanxi Prov-ince,and in Yueyang,Hunan Province in1556[J].Seismology and Geology,15(3):261—267(in Chinese).
谢毓寿,蔡美彪.1983.中国地震历史资料汇编[Z].北京:科学出版社.XIE Yu-shou,CAI Mei-biao.1983.Collection of Historical Earthquake Data of China[Z].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
中国科学院地震工作小组.1956.中国地震资料年表(下册)[Z].北京:科学出版社.Earthquake Working Group of Academy of Sciences of China.1956.Annual Historical Documentary Data of Earth-quake in China[Z].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
中央地震工作小组.1971.中国地震目录[Z].北京:科学出版社.Earthquake Working Group of China.1971.Earthquake Catalog in China[Z].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
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