迎接油气储层建模理论、应用的大发展——从2007年国际石油地质统计学大会谈起
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摘要
2007年国际石油地质统计学大会的成果表明,运用地质研究、地震解释、生产动态三方面的数据并与模型相结合,是当前油气储层建模理论和应用的一个发展趋势。油藏描述、油藏表征及储层建模发展的整个过程,始终体现了这种多学科的融合。由于地质统计学的促进,储层建模技术具备了分析和处理各种主要由地下地质环境引起的不确定性的能力。地质研究对储层建模的核心作用主要体现为相控建模原则的确立和地质概念模型的应用上。最后,研究了储层建模中地震数据的参与和生产动态数据的结合等方面的发展。
The results of the Petroleum Geostatistics 2007 Conference indicate that the integration of three aspects:geology,seismic,and production,is a trend in the theories and applications of reservoir modeling.The whole process of reservoir modeling development incarnates the integration of multi-disciplines.Because of geostatistics promotion,the reservoir modeling possesses the ability to analyze and process uncertainty mainly caused by underground complex geological environment.The core function of geological study in reservoir modeling is mainly incarnated by applying facies controlling and geological conceptional models.Finally,this paper studies two issues in reservoir modeling:the participation of seismic data,and the integration of seismic data and production.
The results of the Petroleum Geostatistics 2007 Conference indicate that the integration of three aspects:geology,seismic,and production,is a trend in the theories and applications of reservoir modeling.The whole process of reservoir modeling development incarnates the integration of multi-disciplines.Because of geostatistics promotion,the reservoir modeling possesses the ability to analyze and process uncertainty mainly caused by underground complex geological environment.The core function of geological study in reservoir modeling is mainly incarnated by applying facies controlling and geological conceptional models.Finally,this paper studies two issues in reservoir modeling:the participation of seismic data,and the integration of seismic data and production.
引文
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[2]Coats K M,Dempsey J R,Henderson J H.Anewtechnique for determining reservoir description from field performance data[C]∥SPE2344,SPE Journal,Volume10,Number1,March,1970.
[3]Callard GJ.Reservoir descriptionfromproduction data[C]∥SPE9238,1980.
[4]Browne E J P.Systematic reservoir description by computer[C]∥SPE4902,1974.
[5]Koedertiz L F,Simon A D.Atechnique for generating grid-dependent reservoir descriptive data[C]∥SPE6509,1977.
[6]Wang J.Reservoir description:exploration stage[M].Bei-jing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1996(in Chinese).
[7]Haldorsen H H,Lake L W.A new approach to shale man-agement in field scale simulation models[C]∥SPE10976,presented at the57th Annual Fall Technical Conference and Exhibition of the SPE,New Orleans,1982.
[8]Delfiner P,Chile J P.Conditional simulations:a new Monte Carlo approach to probabilistic evaluation of hydrocarbon in place[C]∥SPE6985,1977.
[9]Wang J H,Zhou Y,Gao H Y.Kriging geological mapping technique[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999(in Chinese).
[10]Haldorsen,Helge H,Damsleth,et al.Stochastic modeling[C]∥SPE20321,Journal of Petroleum Technology,Volume42,Number4,April,1990.
[11]Damsleth,Elvind,Tjolsen.Two-stage stochastic model applied to a North Sea Reservoir[C]∥SPE20605,Journal of Petroleum Technology,Volume44,Number4,April,1992.
[12]Journel A G.Geostatistics for reservoir characterization[C]∥SPE20750,1990.
[13]Gao G.Quantifying uncertainty for the PUNQ-S3problemin a Bayesian setting with RML and EnKF[C]∥SPE93324,SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium,31January-2Februar-y,the Woodlands,Texas,2005.
[14]Spalburg M.Bayesian uncertainty reduction for log evalua-tion[C]∥SPE88685,Abu Dhabi International Conference and Exhibition,10-13October,Abu Dhabi,United Arab E-mirates,2004.
[15]Vega L.Scalability of the deterministic and Bayesian approa-ches to production-data integration into reservoir models[C]∥SPE88961,SPE Journal,Volume9,Number3,Septem-ber,2004.
[16]Teixeira R.Bayesian characterization of subsurfacelithofacies and saturation fluid[C]∥SPE108027,Latin American&Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference,15-18April,Buenos Aires,Argentina,2007.
[17]Ogele C,Daoud A M,McVay D A,et al,Integration of vol-umetric and material balance analyses using a Bayesianframe-work to estimate OHIP and quantify uncertainty[C]∥SPE100257,SPE Europec/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibi-tion,12-15June,Vienna,Austria,2006.
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[19]Jerry L F,Kerans,Charles,et al.Technology today series article[C]∥SPE82071,June,2003.
[20]Tang H,Ji H C.Incorporation of spatial characteristics into volcanic facies and favorable reservoir prediction[C]∥SPE90847,presented at the2004SPE Annual Technical Confer-ence and Exhibition,Houston,26-29September,and revised for publication.Original manuscript received for review4June2004.Revised manuscript received4April2006.Paper peer approved26July2006.
[21]Zhang T F,Bombarde S,Strebelle S,et al.3Dporosity mod-eling of a carbonate reservoir using continuous multiple-point statistics simulation[C]∥SPE96308,SPE Journal,Volume11,Number3,2006.
[22]Qiu Y N.Geological models of reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1991(4):55-62(in Chinese).
[23]Tamhane D,Wang L,Wong P M.The role of geologyin sto-chastic reservoir modelling:the future trends[C]∥SPE54307,prepared for presentation at the1999SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition heldin Jakarta,Indo-nesia,20-22April,1999.
[24]Harris D G.The role of geologyin reservoir simulation stud-ies[C]∥SPE5022,1975.
[25]Weber K.Influence of common sedimentary structures on fluid flowin reservoir models[C]∥SPE9247,Journal of Pe-troleum Technology,Volume34,Number3,1982.
[26]Mijnssen F C J,Weber KJ,Floris FJ T.Relating sedimen-tology to production behaviour in deltaic rocks[C]∥SPE20946,1990.
[27]Henriquez A,Tyler KJ,Hurst A.Characterization of fluvial sedimentology for reservoir simulation modeling[C]∥SPE18323,SPE Formation Evaluation,Volume5,Number3,1990.
[28]Bashore W M,Araktingl U G.Theimportance of the geolog-ical model for reservoir characterization using geostatistical techniques and the impact on subsequent fluid flow[C]∥SPE26474,SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,3-6October,Houston,Texas,1993.
[29]Oliveira R,Bampi D,Sansonowki R C.Marlimfield:incor-porating4Dseismic in the geological model and applicationin reservoir management decisions[C]∥SPE108062,Latin A-merican&Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference,15-18April,Buenos Aires,Argentina,2007.
[30]Shaw A L,Cunningham A B,Johnson S R.Comparison of stochastic and deterministic geologic models used in reservoir simulations for the Endicott field,Alaska[C]∥SPE26072,SPE Western Regional Meeting,26-28May,Anchorage,Alaska,1993.
[31]Ballin P R,Aziz K,Journel A G,et al.Quantifying the im-pact of geological uncertainty on reservoir performing fore-casts[C]∥SPE25238,SPE Symposiumon Reservoir Simula-tion,28February-3March,New Orleans,Louisiana,1993.
[32]Webster C M,Taylor P G.Integrating quantitative and qual-itative reservoir data in sand prediction studies:the combina-tion of numerical and geological analysis[C]∥SPE108586,Offshore Europe,4-7September,Aberdeen,Scotland,U.K.,2007.
[33]Petit F M,Biver P Y.Early quantification of hydrocarbonin place through geostatistical object modeling and connectivity computations[C]∥SPE28416,SPE Annual Technical Con-ference and Exhibition,25-28September,New Orleans,Louisiana,1994.
[34]Hand J L,Moritz A LJr,Yang C T,et al.Geostatistical in-tegration of geological,petrophysical,and outcrop data for e-valuation of gravity drainage infill drilling at Prudhoe Bay[C]∥SPE28396,SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibi-tion,25-28September,New Orleans,Louisiana,1994.
[35]Antonsen B,Olsen G,Hgye T,et al.Opportunities and pit-falls whenlocating horizontal wells in a geologically uncertain environment[C]∥SPE26530,SPE Annual Technical Con-ference and Exhibition,3-6October,Houston,Texas,1993.
[36]Phillips P,Wen R J.Identifying reservoir potential in shale-dominated thinly bedded clastic reservoirs with a near-well-bore modeling approach[C]∥SPE107195,EUROPEC/EA-GE Conference and Exhibition,11-14June,London,U.K.,2007.
[37]Syaefuddin K,Bailey T.Geological modelling:backbone in developing a mature oil field(Jorang Field Case)[C]∥SPE68640,SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibi-tion,17-19April,Jakarta,Indonesia,2001.
[38]Doyen P M,Guidish T M,Buyi M H.Monte Carlo simula-tion of lithology from seismic,data in a channel-sand reser-voir[C]∥SPE19588,1998.
[39]Martinez R D,Corinish B E,Seymour.An integrated ap-proach for reservoir description using seismic,Borehole,and geologic data[C]∥SPE19581,SPE Annual Technical Con-ference and Exhibition,8-11October,San Antonio,Texas,1989.
[40]Moore J.Reservoir mapping problemsinthe United Kingdom sector of the North Sea[C]∥SPE4308,SPE European Meet-ing,2-3April,London,United Kingdom,1973.
[41]Harris D G,Sarg J F,Branisa F,et al.Trace inversion for interpreting reservoir continuity and lithology[C]∥SPE10013,International Petroleum Exhibition and Technical Symposium,17-24March,Beijing,China,1982.
[42]McDonald J A,Gardner HF,Morris RI.Reservoir charac-terization by areal seismic methods[C]∥SPE10012,Interna-tional Petroleum Exhibition and Technical Symposium,17-24March,Beijing,China,1982.
[43]Neidell N,Beard J H.Progressin stratigraphic seismic explo-ration and the definition of reservoirs[C]∥SPE13016,Jour-nal of Petroleum Technology,Volume36,Number5,May,1984.
[44]Roberts D.Improved reservoir description through the inte-gration of seismic,VSP,and well logs[C]∥SPE15862,Eu-ropean PetroleumConference,20-22October,London,Unit-ed Kingdom,1986.
[45]Litvak M.Innovative integrated modelling technology[C]∥SPE112811,This presentation was an SPEdistinguishedlec-ture during2006-2007.
[46]Emerick A,Moraes R G,Rodrigues J R.History matching4D seismic data with efficient gradient-based methods[C]∥SPE107179,EUROPEC/EAGE Conference and Exhibition11-14June,London,U.K.,2007.
[47]Enchery G,Le Ravalec-Dupin M,Roggero F.An improved pressure and saturation downscaling process for a better inte-gration of4D seismic data together with production history[C]∥SPE107088,EUROPEC/EAGE Conference and Exhi-bition,11-14June,London,U.K.,2007.
[48]Stephen K,Macbeth C.Reducing reservoir prediction uncer-tainty using seismic history matching[C]∥SPE100295,SPE Europec/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition,12-15June,Vienna,Austria,2006.
[49]Breit V,Dozzo J.“State-of-the-Art”integrated studies meth-odologies—a historical review[C]∥SPE87032,prepared for presentation at the SPE Asia Pacific Conference on Integrated Modelling for Asset Management heldin Kuala Lumpur,Ma-laysia,29-30March,2004.
[6]王捷.油藏描述技术:勘探阶段[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[9]王家华,周叶,高海余.克里金地质绘图技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.
[22]裘怿楠.储层地质模型[J].石油学报,1991(4):55-62.
[2]Coats K M,Dempsey J R,Henderson J H.Anewtechnique for determining reservoir description from field performance data[C]∥SPE2344,SPE Journal,Volume10,Number1,March,1970.
[3]Callard GJ.Reservoir descriptionfromproduction data[C]∥SPE9238,1980.
[4]Browne E J P.Systematic reservoir description by computer[C]∥SPE4902,1974.
[5]Koedertiz L F,Simon A D.Atechnique for generating grid-dependent reservoir descriptive data[C]∥SPE6509,1977.
[6]Wang J.Reservoir description:exploration stage[M].Bei-jing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1996(in Chinese).
[7]Haldorsen H H,Lake L W.A new approach to shale man-agement in field scale simulation models[C]∥SPE10976,presented at the57th Annual Fall Technical Conference and Exhibition of the SPE,New Orleans,1982.
[8]Delfiner P,Chile J P.Conditional simulations:a new Monte Carlo approach to probabilistic evaluation of hydrocarbon in place[C]∥SPE6985,1977.
[9]Wang J H,Zhou Y,Gao H Y.Kriging geological mapping technique[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999(in Chinese).
[10]Haldorsen,Helge H,Damsleth,et al.Stochastic modeling[C]∥SPE20321,Journal of Petroleum Technology,Volume42,Number4,April,1990.
[11]Damsleth,Elvind,Tjolsen.Two-stage stochastic model applied to a North Sea Reservoir[C]∥SPE20605,Journal of Petroleum Technology,Volume44,Number4,April,1992.
[12]Journel A G.Geostatistics for reservoir characterization[C]∥SPE20750,1990.
[13]Gao G.Quantifying uncertainty for the PUNQ-S3problemin a Bayesian setting with RML and EnKF[C]∥SPE93324,SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium,31January-2Februar-y,the Woodlands,Texas,2005.
[14]Spalburg M.Bayesian uncertainty reduction for log evalua-tion[C]∥SPE88685,Abu Dhabi International Conference and Exhibition,10-13October,Abu Dhabi,United Arab E-mirates,2004.
[15]Vega L.Scalability of the deterministic and Bayesian approa-ches to production-data integration into reservoir models[C]∥SPE88961,SPE Journal,Volume9,Number3,Septem-ber,2004.
[16]Teixeira R.Bayesian characterization of subsurfacelithofacies and saturation fluid[C]∥SPE108027,Latin American&Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference,15-18April,Buenos Aires,Argentina,2007.
[17]Ogele C,Daoud A M,McVay D A,et al,Integration of vol-umetric and material balance analyses using a Bayesianframe-work to estimate OHIP and quantify uncertainty[C]∥SPE100257,SPE Europec/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibi-tion,12-15June,Vienna,Austria,2006.
[18]Jimenez E,Idrobo E A,Ernandez J,et al.Optimizing esti-mates of probabilistic reserves fromproduction trends using a Bayesian approach[C]∥SPE94886,SPE Hydrocarbon Eco-nomics and Evaluation Symposium,3-5April,Dallas,Tex-as,2005.
[19]Jerry L F,Kerans,Charles,et al.Technology today series article[C]∥SPE82071,June,2003.
[20]Tang H,Ji H C.Incorporation of spatial characteristics into volcanic facies and favorable reservoir prediction[C]∥SPE90847,presented at the2004SPE Annual Technical Confer-ence and Exhibition,Houston,26-29September,and revised for publication.Original manuscript received for review4June2004.Revised manuscript received4April2006.Paper peer approved26July2006.
[21]Zhang T F,Bombarde S,Strebelle S,et al.3Dporosity mod-eling of a carbonate reservoir using continuous multiple-point statistics simulation[C]∥SPE96308,SPE Journal,Volume11,Number3,2006.
[22]Qiu Y N.Geological models of reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1991(4):55-62(in Chinese).
[23]Tamhane D,Wang L,Wong P M.The role of geologyin sto-chastic reservoir modelling:the future trends[C]∥SPE54307,prepared for presentation at the1999SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition heldin Jakarta,Indo-nesia,20-22April,1999.
[24]Harris D G.The role of geologyin reservoir simulation stud-ies[C]∥SPE5022,1975.
[25]Weber K.Influence of common sedimentary structures on fluid flowin reservoir models[C]∥SPE9247,Journal of Pe-troleum Technology,Volume34,Number3,1982.
[26]Mijnssen F C J,Weber KJ,Floris FJ T.Relating sedimen-tology to production behaviour in deltaic rocks[C]∥SPE20946,1990.
[27]Henriquez A,Tyler KJ,Hurst A.Characterization of fluvial sedimentology for reservoir simulation modeling[C]∥SPE18323,SPE Formation Evaluation,Volume5,Number3,1990.
[28]Bashore W M,Araktingl U G.Theimportance of the geolog-ical model for reservoir characterization using geostatistical techniques and the impact on subsequent fluid flow[C]∥SPE26474,SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,3-6October,Houston,Texas,1993.
[29]Oliveira R,Bampi D,Sansonowki R C.Marlimfield:incor-porating4Dseismic in the geological model and applicationin reservoir management decisions[C]∥SPE108062,Latin A-merican&Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference,15-18April,Buenos Aires,Argentina,2007.
[30]Shaw A L,Cunningham A B,Johnson S R.Comparison of stochastic and deterministic geologic models used in reservoir simulations for the Endicott field,Alaska[C]∥SPE26072,SPE Western Regional Meeting,26-28May,Anchorage,Alaska,1993.
[31]Ballin P R,Aziz K,Journel A G,et al.Quantifying the im-pact of geological uncertainty on reservoir performing fore-casts[C]∥SPE25238,SPE Symposiumon Reservoir Simula-tion,28February-3March,New Orleans,Louisiana,1993.
[32]Webster C M,Taylor P G.Integrating quantitative and qual-itative reservoir data in sand prediction studies:the combina-tion of numerical and geological analysis[C]∥SPE108586,Offshore Europe,4-7September,Aberdeen,Scotland,U.K.,2007.
[33]Petit F M,Biver P Y.Early quantification of hydrocarbonin place through geostatistical object modeling and connectivity computations[C]∥SPE28416,SPE Annual Technical Con-ference and Exhibition,25-28September,New Orleans,Louisiana,1994.
[34]Hand J L,Moritz A LJr,Yang C T,et al.Geostatistical in-tegration of geological,petrophysical,and outcrop data for e-valuation of gravity drainage infill drilling at Prudhoe Bay[C]∥SPE28396,SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibi-tion,25-28September,New Orleans,Louisiana,1994.
[35]Antonsen B,Olsen G,Hgye T,et al.Opportunities and pit-falls whenlocating horizontal wells in a geologically uncertain environment[C]∥SPE26530,SPE Annual Technical Con-ference and Exhibition,3-6October,Houston,Texas,1993.
[36]Phillips P,Wen R J.Identifying reservoir potential in shale-dominated thinly bedded clastic reservoirs with a near-well-bore modeling approach[C]∥SPE107195,EUROPEC/EA-GE Conference and Exhibition,11-14June,London,U.K.,2007.
[37]Syaefuddin K,Bailey T.Geological modelling:backbone in developing a mature oil field(Jorang Field Case)[C]∥SPE68640,SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibi-tion,17-19April,Jakarta,Indonesia,2001.
[38]Doyen P M,Guidish T M,Buyi M H.Monte Carlo simula-tion of lithology from seismic,data in a channel-sand reser-voir[C]∥SPE19588,1998.
[39]Martinez R D,Corinish B E,Seymour.An integrated ap-proach for reservoir description using seismic,Borehole,and geologic data[C]∥SPE19581,SPE Annual Technical Con-ference and Exhibition,8-11October,San Antonio,Texas,1989.
[40]Moore J.Reservoir mapping problemsinthe United Kingdom sector of the North Sea[C]∥SPE4308,SPE European Meet-ing,2-3April,London,United Kingdom,1973.
[41]Harris D G,Sarg J F,Branisa F,et al.Trace inversion for interpreting reservoir continuity and lithology[C]∥SPE10013,International Petroleum Exhibition and Technical Symposium,17-24March,Beijing,China,1982.
[42]McDonald J A,Gardner HF,Morris RI.Reservoir charac-terization by areal seismic methods[C]∥SPE10012,Interna-tional Petroleum Exhibition and Technical Symposium,17-24March,Beijing,China,1982.
[43]Neidell N,Beard J H.Progressin stratigraphic seismic explo-ration and the definition of reservoirs[C]∥SPE13016,Jour-nal of Petroleum Technology,Volume36,Number5,May,1984.
[44]Roberts D.Improved reservoir description through the inte-gration of seismic,VSP,and well logs[C]∥SPE15862,Eu-ropean PetroleumConference,20-22October,London,Unit-ed Kingdom,1986.
[45]Litvak M.Innovative integrated modelling technology[C]∥SPE112811,This presentation was an SPEdistinguishedlec-ture during2006-2007.
[46]Emerick A,Moraes R G,Rodrigues J R.History matching4D seismic data with efficient gradient-based methods[C]∥SPE107179,EUROPEC/EAGE Conference and Exhibition11-14June,London,U.K.,2007.
[47]Enchery G,Le Ravalec-Dupin M,Roggero F.An improved pressure and saturation downscaling process for a better inte-gration of4D seismic data together with production history[C]∥SPE107088,EUROPEC/EAGE Conference and Exhi-bition,11-14June,London,U.K.,2007.
[48]Stephen K,Macbeth C.Reducing reservoir prediction uncer-tainty using seismic history matching[C]∥SPE100295,SPE Europec/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition,12-15June,Vienna,Austria,2006.
[49]Breit V,Dozzo J.“State-of-the-Art”integrated studies meth-odologies—a historical review[C]∥SPE87032,prepared for presentation at the SPE Asia Pacific Conference on Integrated Modelling for Asset Management heldin Kuala Lumpur,Ma-laysia,29-30March,2004.
[6]王捷.油藏描述技术:勘探阶段[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[9]王家华,周叶,高海余.克里金地质绘图技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.
[22]裘怿楠.储层地质模型[J].石油学报,1991(4):55-62.
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