汶川地震极震区泥石流物源动储量统计方法讨论
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摘要
本文总结了汶川地震灾区泥石流物源的主要类型,即:滑坡堵沟型物源、崩塌覆盖型物源、碎屑坡积型物源。根据三类物源参与泥石流活动的特点,建立了泥石流动储量的启动地质模式,沟谷下切侵蚀堵溃式和沟谷侧缘侵蚀滑坍式。在此基础上,选择地震灾区44处泥石流为样本,采用数学统计方法获得了总物源量与动储量的相关性,基本呈线性关系。总物源量为50×104m3以内时,动储量可达到15%;总物源量为100×104m3以内时,动储量可达到30%;总物源量为200×104m3以内时,动储量可达到37%;总物源量超过300×104m3时,动储量可超过40%。根据动储量的启动地质模式,本文还提供了计算单体动储量的图解法。
The geological model of the dynamic reserve of debris flow material source including downward induced block collapse and lateral erosion induced slide and sloughing was established on the basis of the classification of the debris flow material source which come from landslide,rock falls and deposits on the slopes.44 debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake region were selected to analyze the correlation of the dynamic reserve and the total amount of the debris flow material source,which was proposed as the linear relationship.according to the statistics of the analysis,the dynamic reserves is up to 15%,30%,37% and 40% when the total amount of material source is less than 50×104m3,100×104m3,200×104m3 and 300×104 m3.The graphic calculate method for confirming the dynamic reserve was proposed according to the geological model of the failure of the debris flow material source.
The geological model of the dynamic reserve of debris flow material source including downward induced block collapse and lateral erosion induced slide and sloughing was established on the basis of the classification of the debris flow material source which come from landslide,rock falls and deposits on the slopes.44 debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake region were selected to analyze the correlation of the dynamic reserve and the total amount of the debris flow material source,which was proposed as the linear relationship.according to the statistics of the analysis,the dynamic reserves is up to 15%,30%,37% and 40% when the total amount of material source is less than 50×104m3,100×104m3,200×104m3 and 300×104 m3.The graphic calculate method for confirming the dynamic reserve was proposed according to the geological model of the failure of the debris flow material source.
引文
[1]中国地震局震灾应急救援司.汶川8.0级地震烈度分布图[R].中国地震局网,2008.China Earthquake Administration Earthquake EmergencyRescue Division.Seismic intensity distribution map ofWenchuan 8 Ms earthquake[R].Web site of ChinaEarthquake Administration,2008.
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[3]陈晓清,崔鹏,赵万玉.汶川地震区泥石流灾害工程防治时机的研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009(3):125-130.CHEN Xiaoqing,CUI Peng,ZHAO Wanyu.Optimaltiming for the control of debris flow in wenchuanearthquake area[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2009(3):125-130.
[4]胡凯恒,崔鹏,游勇,等.物源条件对震后泥石流发展影响的初步分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2011(1):1-6.HU Kaiheng,CUI Peng,YOU Yong,et al.Influence ofdebris supply on the activity of post-quake debris flows[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard andControl,2011(1):1-6.
[5]汤连生,马威,林建南,等.潮揭泥石流物源分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2009(5):116-120.TANG Liansheng,MA Wei,LIN Jiannan,et al.Ananalysis of the substance source of debris flow in theChaozhou and Jieyang area[J].Hydrogeology andEngineering Geology,2009(5):116-120.
[6]黄河清,赵其华.汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡—碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析[J].工程地质学报,2010(2):168-177.HUANG Heqing,ZHAO Qihua.Basic characteristics andprelim inary mechanism analysisof large scale rockslide-sturzstrom at wenjiagou triggered by wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010(2):168-177.
[7]倪化勇,郑万模,唐业旗,等.汶川震区文家沟泥石流成灾机理与特征[J].工程地质学报,2011(2):262-270.NI Huayong,ZHENG Wanmo,TANG Yeqi,et al.Mechanism and characteri stics of wenjia-gully debr flowin epicenter area of Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,2011(2):262-270.
[8]甘建军,孙海燕,黄润秋,等.汶川县映秀镇红椿沟特大型泥石流形成机制及堵江机理研究[J].灾害学,2012(1):5-16.GAN Jianjun,SUN Haiyan,HUANG Runqiu,et al.Studyon mechanism of formation and river blocking ofHongchuangou giant debris flow at Yingxiu of WenchuanCounty[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2012(1):5-16.
[9]四川省华地建设工程有限责任公司.四川省汶川县城区南沟泥石流应急勘查报告[R].2010:7-19.Sichuan Huadi Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd.Emergency exploration reports on Nangou debris flow gullyin Wenchuan county,Sichuan province[R].2010:7-19.
[10]周必凡,李德基,罗德福,等.泥石流松散固体物质储量[A].泥石流防治指南[C].北京:科学出版社,1991:32-36.ZHOU Bifan,LI Deji,LUO Defu,et al.Material reserveof debris flows[A].Guide to debris flow diasterprevention and control[C].Beijing:Science Press,1991:32-36.
[11]田连权,吴积善,康志成,等.泥石流的侵蚀过程[A].泥石流侵蚀搬运与堆积[C].成都:成都地图出版社,1993:34-56.TIAN Lianquan,WU Jishan,KANG Zhicheng,et al.The erosion process of the debris flows[A].erosiontransportation and accumulation of debris flows[C].Chengdu:Chengdu Cartographic Publishing House,1993:34-56.
[12]吴积善,田连权,康志成,等.泥石流及其综合治理[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:69-72.WU Jishan,TIAN Lianquan,KANG Zhicheng,et al.Debris flow and its comprehensive control[M].Beijing:Science Press,1993:69-72.
[13]蒋忠信.泥石流固体物质储量变化的定量预测[J].山地研究,1994,12(3):155-162.JIANG Zhongxin.A quantitative forecast to reserveschange of solid loose materials in debris flow ravine[J].Mountain Research,1994,12(3):155-162.
[14]徐宏.泥石流松散固体物质临界聚集量估算模型研究[J].西南交通大学学报,1995,32(2):212-217.XU Hong.An Estimation Model for Critical Accumulationof Porous Solid Mass in Debris Flow Study[J].Journal ofSouthwest Jiaotong University,1995,32(2):212-217.
[15]高延超,郑万模,李明辉,等.论小流域内泥石流物源的判别——以康定县子耳沟为例[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2009,3(3):105-109.GAO Yanchao,ZHENG Wanmo,LI Minghui,et al.Assessment of the debris flow origins along themountainous stream basins:An example from the Zi ergully in Kangding,Sichuan,Sedimentary[J].Geologyand Tethyan Geology,2009,3(3):105-109.
[16]王海芝.北京市北部山区石城镇泥石流沟松散物质特点及储量计算模型[J].研究探讨,2011,6(3):31-33.WANG Haizhi.Characteristics of the Loose MudflowGully Sediments in the North of Beijing and the MudflowReserve Calculation Model:An Illustration for the Case ofShicheng Town[J].City Geology,2011,6(3):31-33.
[2]殷跃平,等.汶川地震地质灾害与滑坡概论[M].北京:地质出版社,2009:60-80.YIN Yueping.Generality of geohazards and landslideinduced by Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Beijing:GeologyPress,2009:60-80.
[3]陈晓清,崔鹏,赵万玉.汶川地震区泥石流灾害工程防治时机的研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009(3):125-130.CHEN Xiaoqing,CUI Peng,ZHAO Wanyu.Optimaltiming for the control of debris flow in wenchuanearthquake area[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2009(3):125-130.
[4]胡凯恒,崔鹏,游勇,等.物源条件对震后泥石流发展影响的初步分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2011(1):1-6.HU Kaiheng,CUI Peng,YOU Yong,et al.Influence ofdebris supply on the activity of post-quake debris flows[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard andControl,2011(1):1-6.
[5]汤连生,马威,林建南,等.潮揭泥石流物源分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2009(5):116-120.TANG Liansheng,MA Wei,LIN Jiannan,et al.Ananalysis of the substance source of debris flow in theChaozhou and Jieyang area[J].Hydrogeology andEngineering Geology,2009(5):116-120.
[6]黄河清,赵其华.汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡—碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析[J].工程地质学报,2010(2):168-177.HUANG Heqing,ZHAO Qihua.Basic characteristics andprelim inary mechanism analysisof large scale rockslide-sturzstrom at wenjiagou triggered by wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010(2):168-177.
[7]倪化勇,郑万模,唐业旗,等.汶川震区文家沟泥石流成灾机理与特征[J].工程地质学报,2011(2):262-270.NI Huayong,ZHENG Wanmo,TANG Yeqi,et al.Mechanism and characteri stics of wenjia-gully debr flowin epicenter area of Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,2011(2):262-270.
[8]甘建军,孙海燕,黄润秋,等.汶川县映秀镇红椿沟特大型泥石流形成机制及堵江机理研究[J].灾害学,2012(1):5-16.GAN Jianjun,SUN Haiyan,HUANG Runqiu,et al.Studyon mechanism of formation and river blocking ofHongchuangou giant debris flow at Yingxiu of WenchuanCounty[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2012(1):5-16.
[9]四川省华地建设工程有限责任公司.四川省汶川县城区南沟泥石流应急勘查报告[R].2010:7-19.Sichuan Huadi Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd.Emergency exploration reports on Nangou debris flow gullyin Wenchuan county,Sichuan province[R].2010:7-19.
[10]周必凡,李德基,罗德福,等.泥石流松散固体物质储量[A].泥石流防治指南[C].北京:科学出版社,1991:32-36.ZHOU Bifan,LI Deji,LUO Defu,et al.Material reserveof debris flows[A].Guide to debris flow diasterprevention and control[C].Beijing:Science Press,1991:32-36.
[11]田连权,吴积善,康志成,等.泥石流的侵蚀过程[A].泥石流侵蚀搬运与堆积[C].成都:成都地图出版社,1993:34-56.TIAN Lianquan,WU Jishan,KANG Zhicheng,et al.The erosion process of the debris flows[A].erosiontransportation and accumulation of debris flows[C].Chengdu:Chengdu Cartographic Publishing House,1993:34-56.
[12]吴积善,田连权,康志成,等.泥石流及其综合治理[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:69-72.WU Jishan,TIAN Lianquan,KANG Zhicheng,et al.Debris flow and its comprehensive control[M].Beijing:Science Press,1993:69-72.
[13]蒋忠信.泥石流固体物质储量变化的定量预测[J].山地研究,1994,12(3):155-162.JIANG Zhongxin.A quantitative forecast to reserveschange of solid loose materials in debris flow ravine[J].Mountain Research,1994,12(3):155-162.
[14]徐宏.泥石流松散固体物质临界聚集量估算模型研究[J].西南交通大学学报,1995,32(2):212-217.XU Hong.An Estimation Model for Critical Accumulationof Porous Solid Mass in Debris Flow Study[J].Journal ofSouthwest Jiaotong University,1995,32(2):212-217.
[15]高延超,郑万模,李明辉,等.论小流域内泥石流物源的判别——以康定县子耳沟为例[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2009,3(3):105-109.GAO Yanchao,ZHENG Wanmo,LI Minghui,et al.Assessment of the debris flow origins along themountainous stream basins:An example from the Zi ergully in Kangding,Sichuan,Sedimentary[J].Geologyand Tethyan Geology,2009,3(3):105-109.
[16]王海芝.北京市北部山区石城镇泥石流沟松散物质特点及储量计算模型[J].研究探讨,2011,6(3):31-33.WANG Haizhi.Characteristics of the Loose MudflowGully Sediments in the North of Beijing and the MudflowReserve Calculation Model:An Illustration for the Case ofShicheng Town[J].City Geology,2011,6(3):31-33.
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