使用MODIS和MOPITT卫星数据监测震前异常
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摘要
地震前温度异常以及CH4、CO2等气体的含量增加已经被人们逐渐认识,目前较多的研究集中在使用卫星热红外数据研究震前的温度异常,震前CH4、CO2等气体含量的增加却一直未能从卫星观测中实现。使用MOD IS数据研究了2002年1月15日台湾5级地震前的海上温度异常,使用MOPITT数据研究了2002年3月31日台湾7.5级强震前的CO异常以及温度异常。研究发现温度异常区和CO高值区吻合,因此认为这种温度异常可能是由于地球排气作用而导致。
Temperature anomaly and gas anomaly such as methane and carbon dioxide before earthquake have been recognized for years.Many researchers have studied temperature anomalies with satellite thermal infrared data,while the gas anomaly has only been derived from limited ground measurements,and it is still not applicable in large areas.Here MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) thermal infrared data is used to study the temperature increase before the Ms 5.0 Taiwan earthquake on January 15,2002,and MOPITT(Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) data is used to study the CO total column concentration before the Ms 7.5 Taiwan earthquake on March 31,2002.It is found that there existed both high temperature area and high CO total column area near the Ms 7.5 earthquake epicenter and these two areas located at the same place.It is considered that this CO increase was caused by earth degassing.When these gases emit to atmosphere,they will also lead to temperature increase under the atmosphere electromagnetic field.
Temperature anomaly and gas anomaly such as methane and carbon dioxide before earthquake have been recognized for years.Many researchers have studied temperature anomalies with satellite thermal infrared data,while the gas anomaly has only been derived from limited ground measurements,and it is still not applicable in large areas.Here MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) thermal infrared data is used to study the temperature increase before the Ms 5.0 Taiwan earthquake on January 15,2002,and MOPITT(Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) data is used to study the CO total column concentration before the Ms 7.5 Taiwan earthquake on March 31,2002.It is found that there existed both high temperature area and high CO total column area near the Ms 7.5 earthquake epicenter and these two areas located at the same place.It is considered that this CO increase was caused by earth degassing.When these gases emit to atmosphere,they will also lead to temperature increase under the atmosphere electromagnetic field.
引文
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[10]Lu Zhenquan,W u B ihao,Q iang Zu ji,et al.B rightness tempera-ture anomalies in satellite-based thermal infrared remote sensingalong the offshore Ch ina seas[J].Geoscience,2005,19(1):74-82.[卢振权,吴必豪,强祖基,等.中国近海海域卫星热红外亮温增温[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):74-82.]
[11]Che Yongtai,Yu Jinzi,L iu W uzhou.Dynam ic mon itoring of de-gassing of the crust and pred iction of the Zhangbei-Shangyi earth-quake of magn itude 6.2[J].Geological Review,1999,45(1):59-65.[车用太,于金子,刘五洲.地壳放气动态监测与张北—尚义M s 6.2级地震预报[J].地质论评,1999,45(1):59-65.]
[2]L iu Chuang,Ge Chenghu i.The data policy,techn ical standardand data localization of AQUA data in Am erica Earth ObservingSystem(EOS)[J].Rem ote Sensing Information,2002,6:38-42.[刘闯,葛成辉.美国地球观测系统AQUA卫星数据政策、主要技术指标与数据本土化共享问题[J].遥感信息,2002,6:38-42.]
[3]Yuan Benfan,L i Changjun,Ge Zh ijiang.Introduction ofAm ericanew generation Earth observing system-TERRA[J].Spacecraft En-gineering,2001,10(3):60-66.[袁本凡,李长军,葛之江.美国新一代对地观测卫星EOS-TERRA概况[J].航天器工程,2001,10(3):60-66.]
[4]Q iang Zu ji,Xu X iudeng,L in Changgong.Satellite thermal infra-red anormaly—Precursor of impend ing earthquake[J].Chinese Sci-ence Bulletin,1990,35(17):1 324-1 327.[强祖基,徐秀登,赁常恭.卫星热红外异常———临震前兆[J].科学通报,1990,35(17):1 324-1 327.]
[5]Q iang Zu ji,L in Changgong,L i L ingzh i,et al.Satellite thermal in-frared brightness temperature anomal—Short term and impend ingearthquake precursors[J].Science in China(D),1998,28(6):564-573.[强祖基,赁常恭,李玲芝,等.卫星热红外图像亮温异常———短临震兆[J].中国科学:D辑,1998,28(6):564-573.]
[6]Q iang Zu ji,Kong L ingchang,W ang Y ip ing,et al.Earth degas-sing,thermal infrared anomaly and earthquake[J].Chinese ScienceBulletin,1992,37(24):2 259-2 262.[强祖基,孔令昌,王戈平,等.地球放气、热红外异常与地震活动[J].科学通报,1992,37(24):2 259-2 262.]
[7]Xu X iudeng,Xu X iangm in,Ma Shengdeng,et al.A prelim inarystudy of atmosphere temperature increase before earthquake[J].Acta Seism ologica Sinica,1995,17(1):123-127.[徐秀登,徐向民,马升灯,等.临震大气增温异常成因的初步认识[J].地震学报,1995,17(1):123-127.]
[8]Huang Fu lin,Zhang Xunhua,X ia X ianghua,et a.l D istribution ofm ethane and its homologues in low-layer atmosphere over easternCh ina and seas[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1998,43(16):1 767-1 771.[黄福林,张训华,夏响华,等.中国东部和海域低层大气甲烷及其同系物分布[J].科学通报,1998,43(16):1 767-1 771.]
[9]Lu Zhenquan,Q iang Zu ji,W u B ihao.A tentative interpretation ofthe formation of h igh temperature anomaly in satellite-based ther-mal infrared images of the South Ch ina Sea before earthquake[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2002,23(1):42-46.[卢振权,强祖基,吴必豪.南海临震前卫星热红外增温异常原因初探[J].地球学报,2002,23(1):42-46.]
[10]Lu Zhenquan,W u B ihao,Q iang Zu ji,et al.B rightness tempera-ture anomalies in satellite-based thermal infrared remote sensingalong the offshore Ch ina seas[J].Geoscience,2005,19(1):74-82.[卢振权,吴必豪,强祖基,等.中国近海海域卫星热红外亮温增温[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):74-82.]
[11]Che Yongtai,Yu Jinzi,L iu W uzhou.Dynam ic mon itoring of de-gassing of the crust and pred iction of the Zhangbei-Shangyi earth-quake of magn itude 6.2[J].Geological Review,1999,45(1):59-65.[车用太,于金子,刘五洲.地壳放气动态监测与张北—尚义M s 6.2级地震预报[J].地质论评,1999,45(1):59-65.]
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