2011年日本东北大地震特低频地磁信号的分形标度特征研究
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摘要
本文选择2011年3月11日M9.0日本东北大地震震中附近三个地磁台站16个月(2010/01/01—2011/04/30)的特低频地磁观测资料,采用去倾扰动分析方法,得到了这三个台站地磁记录的非均匀标度特征随时间的变化,提出了一种能反映地磁三分量非均匀标度特征同步变化的指标,并据此探讨了特低频地磁信号分形标度特征变化与日本东北大地震之间的可能关联性,初步结果表明,这三个台站的特低频地磁信号分形标度特征指标在日本东北大地震前25～50天左右呈现出同步的异常增加,基于磁静日观测资料的随机合成地磁数据的统计检验结果可知前述异常并非随机异常,而是一种具有统计显著性的异常,可能反映了日本东北大地震对周边地磁信号内在的非线性系统特征产生了有统计意义的影响.
We analyze the daily scaling properties of Ultra-Low-Frequency(ULF) geomagnetic time series from January 01,2010 to April 30,2011 observed at three stations near the epicenter of the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake.By means of the detrended fluctuation analysis(DFA) method,deviations from uniform power-law scaling were identified and quantified using a scaling index.We also proposed a new non-uniform scaling index taking into account the information of the three components of geomagnetic data.Our results suggest that a significant increase of non-uniform scaling index in ULF geomagnetic data appeared about 25～50 days before the Tohoku earthquake.The further stochastic test using synthetic geomagnetic data with randomized disturbances indicates that the fractal anomalies revealed by the non-uniform scaling index in the geomagnetic data are likely non-random anomalies.Thus one may conclude that the scaling properties of the local nonlinear system are possibly affected by the Tohoku earthquake.
We analyze the daily scaling properties of Ultra-Low-Frequency(ULF) geomagnetic time series from January 01,2010 to April 30,2011 observed at three stations near the epicenter of the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake.By means of the detrended fluctuation analysis(DFA) method,deviations from uniform power-law scaling were identified and quantified using a scaling index.We also proposed a new non-uniform scaling index taking into account the information of the three components of geomagnetic data.Our results suggest that a significant increase of non-uniform scaling index in ULF geomagnetic data appeared about 25～50 days before the Tohoku earthquake.The further stochastic test using synthetic geomagnetic data with randomized disturbances indicates that the fractal anomalies revealed by the non-uniform scaling index in the geomagnetic data are likely non-random anomalies.Thus one may conclude that the scaling properties of the local nonlinear system are possibly affected by the Tohoku earthquake.
引文
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[14]Huang Q.One possible generation mechanism of co-seismicelectric signals.Proceedings of the Japan Academy,2002,78:173-178.
[15]Ren H X,Chen X F,Huang Q H.Numerical simulation ofco-seismic electromagnetic fields associated with seismicwaves due to finite faulting in porous media.GeophysicalJournal International.2012,188:925-944.
[16]Bak P,Tang C,Wiesenfeld K.Self-organized criticality:Anexplanation of 1/fnoise.Phys.Rev.Lett.,1987,59:381-384.
[17]Bak P.How Nature Works(The Science of Self-organizedCritiality),Oxford University Press,1997:210.
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[19]Gotoh K,Hayakawa M,Smirnova N A,et al.FractalAnalysis of Seismogenic ULF Emissions.Physics andChemistry of the Earth,2004,29:419-424.
[20]Peng C-K,Havlin S,Stanley H E,et al.Quantification ofScaling exponents and crossover phenomena in nonstationaryheartbeat time series.Chaos,1995,5(1):82-87.
[21]Peng C K,Buldyrev S V,Havlin S,et al.Mosaicorganization of DNA nucleotides.Phys.Rev.,E,1994,49:1685-1689.
[22]Telesca L,Hattori K.Non-uniform scaling behavior in ultra-low-frequency(ULF)earthquake-related geomagnetic signals.Physica A,2007,384:522-528.
[23]Telesca L,Balasco M,Lapenna V.Investigating the time-correlation properties in self-potential signals recorded in aseismic area of Irpinia,southern Italy.Chaos,Solitions andFractals,2007,32:199-211.
[24]Balasco M,Lapenna V,Romano G,et al.Extractingquantitative dynamics in Earth′s apparent resistivity timeseries by using the detrended fluctuation analysis.PhysicaA,2007,374:380-388.
[25]Telesca L,Lapenna V,Macchiato M,et al.Investigatingnon-uniform behavior in Ultra Low Frequency(ULF)earthquake-related geomagnetic signals.Earth and PlanetarySciences Letters,2008,268:219-224.
[26]Viswanathan G M,Peng C-K,Stanley H E,et al.Deviationsfrom uniform power law scaling in nonstationary time scales.Phys.Rev.,E.,1997,55:845-849.
[27]黄清华,刘涛.新岛台地电场的潮汐响应与地震.地球物理学报,2006,49:1745-1754.Huang Q H,Liu T.Earthquakes and tide response ofgeoelectric potential field at the Niijima station.Chinese J.Geophys.,2006,49:1745-1754.
[28]黄清华,林玉峰.地震电信号选择性数值模拟及可能影响因素.地球物理学报,2010,53:535-543.Huang Q H,Lin Y F.Numerical simulation of selectivity ofseismic electric signal and its possible influences.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53:535-543.
[29]Huang Q H,Lin Y F.Selectivity of seismic electric signal(SES)of the 2000 Izu earthquake swarm:a 3D FEMnumerical simulation model.Proceedings of the JapanAcademy,2010,86:257-264.
[30]Huang Q H.Search for reliable precursors:A case study ofthe seismic quiescence of the 2000western Tottori prefectureearthquake.J.Geophys.Res.,2006,111:B04301.
[2]Park S K,Johnston M J S,Madden T R,et al.Electromagnetic precursors to earthquakes in the ULFband—a review of observations and mechanisms.Rev.Geophys.,1993,31:117-132.
[3]Huang Q H.Retrospective investigation of geophysical datapossibly associated with the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake inSichuan,China.J.Asian Earth Sci.,2011,41:421-427.
[4]Huang Q H.Rethinking earthquake-related DC-ULFelectromagnetic phenomena:towards a physics-based approach.Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2011,11:2941-2949.
[5]Han P,Hattori K,Huang Q,et al.Evaluation of ULFelectromagnetic phenomena associated with the 2000 IzuIslands earthquake swarm by wavelet transform analysis.Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2011,11:965-970.
[6]Molchanov O A,Kopytenko Y A,Voronov P M,et al.Results of ULF magnetic field measurements near theepicenters of the Spitak(Ms=6.9)and Loma Prieta(Ms=7.1)earthquakes:comparative analysis.Geophys.Res.Lett.1992,19:1495-1498.
[7]Fraser-Smith A C,Bernardi A,McGill P R,et al.Low-frequency magnetic field measurements near the epicenter ofthe Ms7.1Loma Prieta earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1990,17:1465-1468.
[8]Hayakawa M,Kawate R,Molchanov O A,et al.Results ofultra-low-frequency magnetic field measurements during theGuam earthquake of 8August 1993.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1996,23:241-244.
[9]Hayakawa M,Itoh T,Smirnova N.Fractal analysis ofgeomagnetic ULF data associated with the Guam earthquakeon August 8,1993.Geophys.Res.Lett.1999,26:2797-2800.
[10]Kawate R,Molchanov O A,Hayakawa M.Ultra-low-frequency magnetic fields during the Guam earthquake of 8August 1993and their interpretation.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.1998,105:229-238.
[11]Du A,Huang Q,Yang S.Epicenter location by abnormalULF electromagnetic emissions.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2002,29(10):1455,641-643.
[12]杜爱民,周志坚,徐文耀等.新疆和田ML7.1地震前ULF电磁辐射的激发机理.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):832-837.Du A M,Zhou Z J,Xu W Y,et al.Generation mechanismsof ULF electromagnetic emissions before the ML=7.1earthquake at Hotan of Xinjiang.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2004,47(5):832-837.
[13]Zhao G Z,Zhan Y,Wang L F,et al.Electromagneticanomaly before earthquakes measured by EM experiment.Earthquake Science,2009,22:395-402.
[14]Huang Q.One possible generation mechanism of co-seismicelectric signals.Proceedings of the Japan Academy,2002,78:173-178.
[15]Ren H X,Chen X F,Huang Q H.Numerical simulation ofco-seismic electromagnetic fields associated with seismicwaves due to finite faulting in porous media.GeophysicalJournal International.2012,188:925-944.
[16]Bak P,Tang C,Wiesenfeld K.Self-organized criticality:Anexplanation of 1/fnoise.Phys.Rev.Lett.,1987,59:381-384.
[17]Bak P.How Nature Works(The Science of Self-organizedCritiality),Oxford University Press,1997:210.
[18]Higuchi T.Approach to an irregular time series on the basisof the fractal theory.Physica D,1988,31:277-283.
[19]Gotoh K,Hayakawa M,Smirnova N A,et al.FractalAnalysis of Seismogenic ULF Emissions.Physics andChemistry of the Earth,2004,29:419-424.
[20]Peng C-K,Havlin S,Stanley H E,et al.Quantification ofScaling exponents and crossover phenomena in nonstationaryheartbeat time series.Chaos,1995,5(1):82-87.
[21]Peng C K,Buldyrev S V,Havlin S,et al.Mosaicorganization of DNA nucleotides.Phys.Rev.,E,1994,49:1685-1689.
[22]Telesca L,Hattori K.Non-uniform scaling behavior in ultra-low-frequency(ULF)earthquake-related geomagnetic signals.Physica A,2007,384:522-528.
[23]Telesca L,Balasco M,Lapenna V.Investigating the time-correlation properties in self-potential signals recorded in aseismic area of Irpinia,southern Italy.Chaos,Solitions andFractals,2007,32:199-211.
[24]Balasco M,Lapenna V,Romano G,et al.Extractingquantitative dynamics in Earth′s apparent resistivity timeseries by using the detrended fluctuation analysis.PhysicaA,2007,374:380-388.
[25]Telesca L,Lapenna V,Macchiato M,et al.Investigatingnon-uniform behavior in Ultra Low Frequency(ULF)earthquake-related geomagnetic signals.Earth and PlanetarySciences Letters,2008,268:219-224.
[26]Viswanathan G M,Peng C-K,Stanley H E,et al.Deviationsfrom uniform power law scaling in nonstationary time scales.Phys.Rev.,E.,1997,55:845-849.
[27]黄清华,刘涛.新岛台地电场的潮汐响应与地震.地球物理学报,2006,49:1745-1754.Huang Q H,Liu T.Earthquakes and tide response ofgeoelectric potential field at the Niijima station.Chinese J.Geophys.,2006,49:1745-1754.
[28]黄清华,林玉峰.地震电信号选择性数值模拟及可能影响因素.地球物理学报,2010,53:535-543.Huang Q H,Lin Y F.Numerical simulation of selectivity ofseismic electric signal and its possible influences.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53:535-543.
[29]Huang Q H,Lin Y F.Selectivity of seismic electric signal(SES)of the 2000 Izu earthquake swarm:a 3D FEMnumerical simulation model.Proceedings of the JapanAcademy,2010,86:257-264.
[30]Huang Q H.Search for reliable precursors:A case study ofthe seismic quiescence of the 2000western Tottori prefectureearthquake.J.Geophys.Res.,2006,111:B04301.
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