海底高频地震仪在南海北部天然气水合物探测中的应用
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摘要
天然气水合物是石油天然气的理想替代能源,是当前能源、环境领域的研究热点。我国2007年神狐海域水合物钻探表明,天然气水合物的空间分布不均,水合物矿体内部物性差异较大。为了研究海域水合物及游离气的矿层结构,准确评估研究区天然气水合物资源量,采用三维地震与海底高频地震(HF-OBS)联合采集技术,获取水合物矿区的多波地震反射数据。充分利用纵横波速度信息,刻画研究区天然气水合物矿体的外形与内部结构,分析含天然气水合物沉积层的沉积环境与沉积物类型关系,进而获得这一海域天然气水合物分布规律的综合地质认识。
Gas hydrates are nowadays considered as a kind of potential energy resources and ideal substitution for fossil fuel,which are one of the most popular interests in the fields of worldwide energy and environment.The results of drilling and coring in the Shenhu Area in 2007 suggested that spatial distribution of gas hydrate bearing sediments is heterogeneous and the geophysical properties vary within wide limits.For the precise resources evaluation of the gas hydrate in the study area,multi-components seismic reflecting data was acquired by integrated exploration of 3Dseismic and OBS.With the helpful velocity information of P-waves and S-waves obtained from 3Dseismic and OBS data,the frames and configurations of gas hydrate reservoirs are identified,which contributed much to the comprehensive analysis of the relation between sedimentary environment and types of the gas hydrate bearing sediments as well as the study of the gas hydrate distribution pattern over the study area.
Gas hydrates are nowadays considered as a kind of potential energy resources and ideal substitution for fossil fuel,which are one of the most popular interests in the fields of worldwide energy and environment.The results of drilling and coring in the Shenhu Area in 2007 suggested that spatial distribution of gas hydrate bearing sediments is heterogeneous and the geophysical properties vary within wide limits.For the precise resources evaluation of the gas hydrate in the study area,multi-components seismic reflecting data was acquired by integrated exploration of 3Dseismic and OBS.With the helpful velocity information of P-waves and S-waves obtained from 3Dseismic and OBS data,the frames and configurations of gas hydrate reservoirs are identified,which contributed much to the comprehensive analysis of the relation between sedimentary environment and types of the gas hydrate bearing sediments as well as the study of the gas hydrate distribution pattern over the study area.
引文
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[15]Berg E,Svenning B,Martin J.Multi-component sea-bottom seismic surveying in the North Sea-data interpretation and application.[C]//The 64th Annual Interational Meeting of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists,Expanded Abstracts,1994:477-480.
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[21]Lee M W,Collett T S.Comparison of elastic velocity models for gas hydrate bearing sediments[M].Natural Gas Hydrates:Occurrence,Distribution and Detection American Geophysical Union,Geophysical Monographs,2001,24:179-188.
[2]Domenico S N.Elastic properties of unconsolidated porous sand reservoirs[J].Geophysics,1977,42:1339-1368.
[3]Singh S C,Minshull T A,Spence G D.Velocity structure of a gas hydrate reflector[J].Science,1993,260(5105):204-207.
[4]Katzman R,Holbrook W S,Paull C K.Combined vertical incidence and wide-angle seismic study of a gas hydrate zone Blake Ridge[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99:17975-17995.
[5]Holbrook W S,Hoskins H,Wood W T,et al.Methane hydrate and free gas on the Blake Ridge from vertical seismic profiling[J].Science,1996,273(5283):1840-1843.
[6]Korenaga J,Holbrook W S,Singh S C,et al.Natural gas hydrates on the southeast US margin:Constraints from full waveform and travel time inversions of wide-angle seismic data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102:15345-15365.
[7]Ecker C,Dvorkin J,Nur A M.Estimating the amount of gas hydrate and free gas from marine seismic data[J].Geophysics,2000,65:565-573.
[8]Hornbach M J,Holbrook W S,Gorman A R,et al.Direct seismic detection of methane hydrate on the Blake Ridge[J].Geophysics,2003,68:92-100.
[9]沙志彬,郑涛,杨木壮,等.基于波阻抗反演的天然气水合物地震检测技术[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):481-488.[SHA Zhibin,ZHENG Tao,YANG Muzhuang,et al.The seismic detecting technique on gas hydrate based on wave impedance inversion[J].Geoscience,2010,24(3):481-488.]
[10]Westbrook G K,Buenz S,Camerlenghi A.Measurement of P-and S-wave velocities,and the estimation of hydrate concentration at sites in the continental margin of Svalbard and the Storegga region of Norway.[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates,Norway:2005.
[11]Jürgen Mienert,Stefan Bünz,Stephanie Guidard.Ocean bottom seismometer investigations in the Ormen Lange area offshore mid-Norway provide evidence for shallow gas layers in subsurface sediments[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22:287-297.
[12]Tinivella U,Accaino F.Compressional velocity structure and Poisson’s ratio in marine sediments with gas hydrate and free gas by inversion of reflected and refracted seismic data(South Shetland Islands,Antarctica)[J].Marine Geology,2000,164:13-27.
[13]沙志彬,郭依群,杨木壮,等.南海北部陆坡区沉积与天然气水合物成藏关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(5):89-98.[SHA Zhibin,GUO Yiqun,YANG Muzhuang,et al.Relation between sedimentation and gas hydrate reservoirs in the northern slope of South China Sea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2009,29(5):89-98.]
[14]ZHANG Guangxue,CHEN Fang,YANG Shengxiong et al.Accumulation and exploration of gas hydrate in deep-sea sediments of northern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2012,30(5):876-888.
[15]Berg E,Svenning B,Martin J.Multi-component sea-bottom seismic surveying in the North Sea-data interpretation and application.[C]//The 64th Annual Interational Meeting of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists,Expanded Abstracts,1994:477-480.
[16]Stewart R R,Gaiser J E,Brown R J,et al.Converted-wave seismic exploration methods[J].Geophysics,2002,67(5):1348-1363.
[17]Hamilton E L.Shear-wave velocity versus depth in marine sediments:a review[J].Geophysics,1976,41:985-996.
[18]Hamilton E L.Vp/Vs and Poisson’s ratios in marine sediments and rocks[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1979,66(4):1093-1101.
[19]Gong Chenglin,Wang Yingmin,Peng Xuechao,et al.Sediment waves on the South China Sea Slope off southwestern Taiwan:Implications for the intrusion of the Northern Pacific Deep Water into the South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2012,32:95-109.
[20]Tinivella U.A method for estimating gas hydrates and free gas concentrations in marine sediments[J].Bolletino di Geofisico Teoretico et Applicata,1999,40:19-30.
[21]Lee M W,Collett T S.Comparison of elastic velocity models for gas hydrate bearing sediments[M].Natural Gas Hydrates:Occurrence,Distribution and Detection American Geophysical Union,Geophysical Monographs,2001,24:179-188.
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